Aayesha Riaz

PMAS - Arid Agriculture University | PMAS-AAUR · Department of Patho-Biology

Mastitis is considered one of the most widespread infectious disease of cattle and buffaloes, affecting dairy herds. The current study aimed to characterize the Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from subclinical mastitis animals in Pothohar region of the country. A total of 278 milk samples from 17 different dairy farms around two districts...

Ticks (Acari: ixodid) are notorious blood sucking ecto-parasites of wide range of animals which serve as vector of different types of pathogens like viruses, bacteria, rickettsia and protozoa and cause mortality in humans and animals. This study was focused on morphological and molecular identification of ixodid ticks, using morphological keys and...

Thyroid cancer (TC) is caused by genetic factors and or their cross talk with lifestyle and environment. An important role of miRNA involvement has been identified in different human diseases alongside the cancer. The growing cloud of miRNA discoveries narrates miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 as key elements of ready arsenal in the cancer micro-niches. The...

Glioma is the most common and account for 81% of intracranial malignancies. Ketogenic dietary intervention in patients with glioma has been more and more popular. However, the current research mechanism on β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glioma is not clear, and we have explored the mechanism of BHB inhibiting glioma. Western blot, polymerase chain rea...

Next-Generation sequencing is a widespread technology of sequencing which is used in genomics research and biotechnology, although it comes with many shortcomings such as short read length or polymerase chain reactions (PCR) bias. In this review, a brief introduction is provided to the Helicos Biosciences true single-molecule sequencing (tSMS), Pac...

Small ruminants, especially goats, play an important role in the livestock economy of the world. Parasitism is one of the major problems of the goat population around the world and is responsible for production losses. To control such kinds of losses and improve production, a timely diagnosis of parasitic infection is crucial. The improvement and d...

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are considered pathogens of zoonotic importance. Zoo animals have been reported as reservoirs of STEC and many STEC human outbreaks have been linked with zoo animals. Available information about the occurrence of STEC in zoo animals in Pakistan is limited. Therefore, the current study was executed to estimate th...

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) among healthy cattle and buffaloes as well as those associated with different diseases (respiratory tract infection, mastitis and reproductive tract infection) in District Chakwal, Pakistan. Blood, swab and milk samples of cattle and buffaloes were randomly co...

The present study was designed to investigate the impact of breeding methods like artificial insemination (AI) vs natural mating (NM) and body weight variations on bacterial contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in broiler breeders. Ross-308 broiler breeder hens (n=3000) and males (n=255) were selected for this study. Out of those 255 ma...

Non-dairy sources of prebiotics and probiotics impart various physiological functions in the prevention and management of chronic metabolic disorders, therefore nutraceuticals emerged as a potential industry. Extraction of prebiotics from non-dairy sources is economical and easily implemented. Waste products during food processing, including fruit...

Antibiotic usage and misuse increases the risk of developing bacteria that are resistant to treatment. A Gram-negative, aerobic bacillus called Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mostly responsible for nosocomial opportunistic infections. Objectives: To assess pathogen load and drug susceptibility profiles of Peshawar clinical specimens collected with MDR P...

It is about the respiratory and reproductive disorders causes by herpes viruses in animals

Background: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a highly fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle, deer, bison, water buffalo, and pigs caused by the gamma-herpesviruses alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OvHV-2 in sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalo in...

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality and mineral contents of Moringa oleifera root-based tomato sauce. Results showed that roots of M. oleifera are highly enriched with essential nutrients including minerals, such as iron, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium and zinc and vitamins specifically vitamin C. Thus, it is useful as a nutriti...

The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of microneme gene 5 of Eimeria tenella (EtMic5) from Pakistan to confirm its evolutionary relationship among different Eimeria species. Birds were reared and infected with Eimeria tenella oocysts. Postmortem of birds revealed the presence of lesions wi...

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is a noteworthy reason for many Cattle/Buffalo diseases. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is one of the diseases which are caused by the BHV-1. In the present study a cow which was suspected of IBR was examined. The animal was suffering from fever and respiratory distress along with rhinitis (red nose), in appete...

Lifestyle associated disorders have always been a hazard for the advancement of chronic diseases. Therefore, use of natural dietary sources is proved to be safe for reducing the occurrence and management of chronic diseases. Okra along with its various parts has been used for the treatment of several diseases. The present study was done to examine...

The present study was designed to characterize oat bran for their biological attributes. The results showed that bran of Avon variety contained high TDF, SDF, β-glucan and extractability of β-glucan than bran of oat variety Sargodha-81. The extrusion process exhibited the highest extractability of β-glucan (45.37%) followed by cooking (37.28%) and...

Neuron-invading viruses usually enter via the peripheral organs/tissues of their mammalian hosts and are transported to the neurons. Virus trafficking is critical for transport or spread within the nervous system. Primary culture of neurons is a valuable and indispensable method for neurobiological research, allowing researchers to investigate basi...

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) also known as Verocytotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC) have emerged as important food-borne pathogens of zoonotic importance causing outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The objective of the study was to understand the distribution of various STEC in raw...

Background Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a highly fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle, deer, bison, water buffalo and pigs caused by the gamma herpesviruses; alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). AlHV-1 is known to cause wildebeest-associated MCF whereas OvHV-2 is known to cause sheep-associated MCF. AlHV...

Wheat is consumed as staple food by majority of population in Pakistan. This study was aimed to assess the effects of recently introduced five cultivars of wheat (Ojala 2016, Borlaug 2016, Johar 2016, Gold 2016 and Fatehjang 2016) for chapatti quality. Results for different physical, chemical, rheological and sensory parameters revealed significant...

Balanced diet is a basic factor in livestock productivity. There is still insufficient knowledge on indigenous probiotic species of livestock gastrointestinal tract. The present experiment was conducted for isolation and molecular identification of probiotic bacterial species from cattle lower gut and to determine their probiotic potential. Twenty...

Dairy animals play an essential role in dietary requirements of human beings in the world. However, the milk production efficiency of these animals is low in developing countries due to poor health, feeding as well as breeding and welfare management. In this review, issues faced by buffalo farmers due to poor reproductive efficiency as depicted by...

Avian polyomavirus (APV) infection, also called as budgerigar fledgling disease (BFD) causes various health problems in many psittacine species which may cause untimely death. The aims of this study were to investigate, for the first time, the detection, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of avian polyomavirus (APV) in Pakistani p...

After quite a while, hyperthermia (HT) will encounter a fresh resurgence as observed by the incredible after effects of a few randomized preliminaries all around the globe. Tumour resistance, in the same way, is proposed in light of the fact that the 4th methodology of treatment for metastatic tumours from the renal carcinoma and melanoma. An infin...

The present study was conducted to find out the effect of UV irradiation of Aspergillus niger at different concentrations of wheat bran as carbon source (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 %) on the production of xylanase. Submerged fermentation was carried out in 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks using vogel’s medium at 35°C for five days. UV irradiated A. niger has signif...

In the present study, a total of 1667 sera samples were collected from breeder, broiler and layer birds to determine sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarium (SPG) infections. Serum Plate Agglutination (SPA) test was used to determine the presence of antibodies agains...

The quinoa herb belongs to the family of Chenopodiaceae in which spinach and beet also originate. It is South America local herb, and Chenopodium has 250 different kinds all over the world. Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal with high phytochemical substances verified biological and nutritional significance. Quinoa is consumed and used as daily essential fo...

Probiotic yeast enhanced the ruminal gut microbial balance by producing intercellular effectors and important metabolites. The impact of yeast addition on animal health is influenced by different interlinked factors including animal genom-ics, its gut microbiota, and environment. Therefore, all factors should be considered regarding achieving the m...

Probiotics are essential for the effective growth of beneficial bacteria present in enteric line. They help in the physiological functions of newborn calves that are highly susceptible to a variety of fatal syndromes. The criterion for the selection of strains for the design of probiotic products are based on retaining functional health characteris...

Cattle play a vital role in national economy; therefore, the cattle population must be raised by all possible ways of production. Maturation of oocytes outside the body of animal is principal method in dairy production field which is used to produce the mature oocytes for pre-implantation embryo development. This technology has great potential to i...

Salmonella is a zoonotic disease widely spread in the environment, causing serious economic losses to the world. Objective: To improve people's understanding of Salmonella disease and reduce economic losses. Methods: Based on the recent research progress, the biochemical characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory detection methods and pre...

The growth promoting antioxidant and meat quality related effects of naringenin in broilers were evaluated in the current study. One hundred and eighty day-older broiler chicks (Hubbard) were randomly selected to four treatment groups containing three replicates of 15 birds each. Feed supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/Kg naringenin was allotted...

ABSTRACT: Salmonellosis is a major threat currently faced by poultry industry worldwide. In poultry, main pathogenic serovars of Salmonella are Gallinarium and Pullorum. Salmonella causes huge losses to poultry industry by decreasing egg production, reducing growth and increased condemnation at slaughter houses. Salmonella is gram negative bacteriu...

Dendritic cells (DC) are central regulators of immune responses and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the unique ability to induce both innate immune responses and a highly specific acquired immunity. DC communicates through chemical and mechanical signals in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses. DC forms immunological...

In this study the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was determined in milk samples collected from goats of different breeds from district Jhelum. Surf field mastitis test and White side test were used for screening. Out of 500 animals tested, 14.2% animals were found positive for sub-clinical mastitis. Out of the positive samples, 12.2% were havi...

The present study was conducted in forty Beetal goats presented with severe-graded pyoderma on clinical grounds. These goats were treated with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination and compared with the treatment regimen already practiced in field i.e. co-trimazine. For this purpose, goats were randomly divided into two groups; A (control) an...

Background: Outbreaks of low-pathogenic Avian Influenza virus H9N2 (AIV-H9N2) occurred in poultry industry in Pakistan in 1998 and caused serious economic losses. Since then, many of the AIV-H9N2 vaccines have been introduced to Pakistani market to control the virus, however, it is still circulating all over the country. Therefore, the purpose of t...

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an emerging economic problem of the broiler industry, which is caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). Under the normal physiological conditions, C. perfringens may be present in the gut asymptomatically but drastic changes of the gut environment result in damage to the intestinal mucosa, which c...

Herpes viruses are widely distributed in nature. The number of the herpes viruses that have been isolated exceeds 200. The core of a typical herpesvirus particle consists of genomic linear double stranded DNA which is wrapped in an icosahedral capsid of T=16 symmetry and has an approximate diameter of 100 to 110 nm. Herpes virus genomes vary in len...

Gastrointestinal parasites are responsible for heavy economic and production losses in bovines. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) helminths of bovine in different zones of Rawalpindi district. Study area was divided into four different zones. Feacal samples (n=670) were collected and examined throu...

A prospective study was conducted from November 2013 to February 2014 to estimate the spatial clustering; cumulative incidence and risk factors associated with avian influenza (AI) subtype H9 infection on commercial poultry farms of Pakistan. A total of 400 farms were enrolled and followed during the study period. Among these, 109 farms submitted s...

Warble fly (WF) is one of the serious threats affecting the goat production in Pakistan. The objective of the current study was to find out the prevalence and control of goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) in district Khushab, Pakistan. In the field, 780 goats were examined for the period of one year. Out 780 goats, 106 (13.58%) were found infested...

This study was conducted to evaluate therapeutic value of autogenous vaccine along with immune-modulators and to compare its efficacy with autogenous vaccine alone and partial excision of the lesions. To this end, nine animals were selected clinical and sporadic papillomas different body parts. These animals were divided into three groups; Group A...

Mycoplasmosis represents the most important group of infectious diseases in goats. There are several and well recognized species of Mycoplasma causing high morbidity and mortality to adult goats and kids. In the present study a total of 385 nasal swab samples of randomly selected goats were collected from Quetta abattoir for molecular detection of...

M icroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression in animals and plants. Biogenesis of miRNAs is itself a highly complex process. miRNAs bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR), 5' UTR or/and coding regions of their target mRNAs in a sequence specific manner. Targeting of mRNAs leads to the repressio...

Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a gamma herpesvirus and is the causative agent of lymphoproliferative disease – sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in susceptible ruminants, including cattle. Sheep become persistently infected but do not show apparent clinical infection. MCF is characterized by marked T cell hyperplasia and proliferation of...

Herpesviruses encode miRNAs that target both virus and host genes; however their role in herpesvirus biology is poorly understood. We previously identified eight miRNAs encoded by OvHV-2; the causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) and have now investigated the role of these miRNAs in regulating expression of OvHV-2 genes that play impor...

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a common problem in commercial unvaccinated birds, which is causing heavy economic losses to the poultry industry. Chicken layers (primed with oil based IBD vaccine at age of 13 weeks and boosted with the same vaccine at 15 weeks of age) showed high titre of yolk agar gel precipitating (AGPT) antibodies against IB...