A, Carota

Hallucinations, delusions, and confabulations are common symptoms between neurology and psychiatry. The neurological diseases manifesting with such symptoms (dementia, epilepsy, Korsakoff's disease, brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, migraine, right hemisphere stroke and others) would be the key to understand their biological mechanisms, while the...

A right "minor hemisphere" does not exist as the right hemisphere is dominant for awareness (nosognosia), spatial attention, emotional regulation, facial and voice expressions, visual recognition, and topographical orientation. Without the right hemisphere, the world would be flat, deprived of general and spatial attentions, pointing preferentially...

The catastrophic reaction (CR; a disruptive and uncontrolled behavior triggered by anger, irritability, and hostility) and emotionalism (a condition of uncontrolled crying or laughing) are disorders of the emotional regulation and expression, the prevalence of which is underestimated in neurology. Their occurrence is an additional factor of poor ou...

The modern era of chemical and biological warfare began in World War I with the large-scale production and use of blistering and choking agents (chlorine, phosgene and mustard gases) in the battlefield. International treaties (the 1925 Geneva Protocol, the 1975 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention) banned...

We performed extensive neuropsychological assessment of two male patients (matched for age and educational level) with similar (localization and size) unilateral paramedian ischemic thalamic lesions (AB on the left and SD on the right). Both patients showed severe memory impairments as well as other cognitive deficits. In comparison to SD, AB showe...

In the 20th century the term hysteria declined and the interest in the hysteria-related diseases decreased in comparison to the florid period of studies that was inspired by Charcot's legacy in the second half of the 19th century. Scientific interest has once again increased in the 21st century, and dissociative and somatoform disorders (previously...

The history and the behavioral profile of 2 patients with brain abnormalities in the region of the left amygdaloidal complex might suggest that the dysfunction of the neural pathways related to the left amygdala has to occur at an early developmental stage to result in impaired emotional judgments of facial expressions. This is in line with the hyp...

Aggressiveness is not a medical diagnosis. It corresponds to behavioral changes that patients display often in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases of stroke. These changes are related to the emotion of anger and associate variably with the anger trait, hostility, impulsivity, disruptiveness, confusion, agitation, anxiety, depression, and some c...

We describe a patient with persistent cerebral achromatopsia occurring after bilateral occipital strokes. Blinded color recognition was assessed with a computerized experimental paradigm and the patient reported the degree of confidence in the response exactness on a visual percent scale. Color recognition was accurate and above chance (Fisher's ex...

Alcoholism has always been emphasized in literature, narratives, and theater as its prevalence and related disability are very high, is found throughout the world, and affects women and men of all ages and social classes. There is a tragic or romantic fascination in the deep sense of personal failure that drinking is able to relieve and in the unco...

Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is an important but still controversial issue since knowledge on its nature is still humble. The aim of the present study was to characterize PSF beyond the subacute phase. Thirty-one stroke patients (gender: 6 female, 25 male; age range: 35-76 years; 28 patients with ischemic stroke, 3 patients with hemorrhagic stroke; me...

We describe the case of a 69-year-old professor of mathematics (GV) who was examined 2 years after left-hemispheric capsular-thalamic haemorrhage. GV showed disproportionate impairment in subtractions requiring borrowing (22 - 7). For large subtraction problems without borrowing (99 - 12) performance was almost flawless. Subtractions with borrowing...

We describe a 69-year-old patient with superior altitudinal hemianopia who contentiously denied having any visual impairment after stroke in the lower banks of the calcarine fissure. Although the patient did not produce intentional responses to visual stimuli in the blind fields, he showed reduced reaction times to stimuli presented in the inferior...

We describe the case of a 75-year-old woman who manifested persistent confabulations after two consecutive strokes encompassing the area of the lenticulostriate arteries territory on both hemispheres. Findings reported on this rare clinical syndrome suggest that fantastic confabulations and delusional thoughts may arise after bilateral damage of su...

Mood disorders occurring after stroke are a major concern to public health as they are frequent, difficult to diagnose and to treat, and have high impact on the quality of life of patients and caregivers. The association of manic symptoms (rare) in the acute phase of stroke with strategic locations within the right hemisphere is clinically signific...

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

In young people, the most frequent cause of isolated monocular visual loss due to an optic neuropathy is optic neuritis. We present the case of a 27 year old woman who presented monocular visual loss, excruciating orbital pain and unusual temporal headache. The initial diagnosis of optic neuritis revealed later to be a posterior ischemic optic neur...

A 31yearold Portuguese woman MP developed a severe rightsided throbbing headache and behavioural changes over 23h. The headache was accompanied by nausea, photophobia, scintillating scotomas in the left visual field and paresthesia of the left hand. She progressively lost the ability to move the fingers of her left hand and her arm. She thought tha...

We report on a 70-year-old woman with partial complex status epilepticus who was initially diagnosed with herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) encephalitis, based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytic pleocytosis and HSV-2 DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the CSF, but without improvement on...

We report the clinical findings of a 40-year-old woman with recurrent migraine presenting with Wernicke's aphasia in accordance with the results of a standardized battery for language assessment (Boston Aphasia Diagnostic Examination). The patient had no evidence of parenchymal or vascular lesions on MRI and showed delta and theta slowing over the...

Right hemispheric stroke aphasia (RHSA) rarely occurs in right- or left-handed patients with their language representation in right hemisphere (RH). For right-handers, the term crossed aphasia is used. Single cases, multiple cases reports, and reviews suggest more variable anatomo-clinical correlations. We included retrospectively from our stroke d...

Utilization behavior (UB) consists of reaching out and using objects in the environment in an automatic manner and out of context. This behavior has been correlated to frontal lobe dysfunction, especially of the right hemisphere. We describe a 60-year-old woman, affected by a glioblastoma located in the right frontal region, who presented with inte...

We describe the clinical and radiological findings of an 82-year-old woman patient with basilar type migraine attacks occurring over 70 years with a similar pattern of intensity and symptoms. We provide some evidence to suggest that gradual development of calcifications in the pontine tegmental nuclei can trigger attacks of basilar type migraine.

Differences in personality factors between individuals may manifest themselves with different patterns of neural activity while individuals process stimuli with emotional content. We attempted to verify this hypothesis by investigating emotional susceptibility (ES), a specific emotional trait of the human personality defined as the tendency to "exp...

This chapter presents adult neuropsychiatric syndromes that follow ischemic stroke, as they are more frequent and typified by infarction of defined vascular territories than with other vascular etiologies. This presentation is carried out according to four axes: (1) affective or mood disorders; (2) behavior or personality disorders; (3) cognitive d...

Mixed transcortical aphasia is a very rare syndrome characterized by intact repetition, despite severe impairment in all other language modalities. In some cases, however, preservation of repetition is accompanied by intact reading. We report the case of a left-handed man who, after a subcortical stroke in the left hemisphere, showed the typical fe...

Sorry, there is no abstract.

Neurology is a polymorphic discipline, with several subspecialties. In 2006, as in the previous years, a huge amount of scientific work focusing on treatment has been published. However, there has not been a true revolution in any of the current therapeutic strategies; rather, we experienced an improvement in the knowledge about several specific "d...

Diagnosis of depression after stroke Depression occurring after stroke (pos t-stroke depression, PSD) has been the object of many clinical studies (about 300 during the last 30 years). We will review the available data and discuss the clinical implications of the research conducted to date. Patients should be evaluated for PSD in the acute phase (B...

Neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases have been related for more than a century. Epidemiological data show that main vascular risk factors are also risk factors for Alzheimer disease. Experimental evidences demonstrate that some of those risk factors accelerate the progress of Alzheimer lesions, mainly by acting on the amyloid cascade. Rec...

The psychopathology of stroke encompasses several psychiatric and behavioral disorders that have high prevalence in the geriatric population, reduce the patient autonomy and increase the caregiver's burden. These disorders are usually associated with other cognitive and neurological deficits, and are labelled as neuropsychiatric when the whole clin...

The psychopathology of stroke encompasses several psychiatric and behavioral disorders that have high prevalence in the geriatric population, reduce the patient autonomy and increase the caregiver's burden. These disorders are usually associated with other cognitive and neurological deficits, and are labelled as neuropsychiatric when the whole clin...

For more than 50 years, the right hemisphere is no longer considered the minor partner of the brain. Several syndromes that preferentially emerge after right hemisphere damage (such as unilateral spatial neglect, anosognosia, topographical disorientation and dysprosody) have shown its dominant role on the left hemisphere. Such contexts confirm that...

Two professional painters experienced significant changes in their art as the main consequence of minor stroke located in the left occipital lobe or thalamus. The features of this artistic conversion were analysed on the basis of extensive neurological, neuropsychological, and psychiatric evaluations. Both painters, initially unaware of the artisti...

Panarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic vasculitis affecting small and medium-sized arteries. Neuro-ophthalmological complications of PAN are rare but numerous, and may affect the eye, the visual and the oculomotor pathways. Such complications occur mainly in patients previously diagnosed with PAN. A 51-year-old woman presented with an isolated rig...

Introduction La panartérite noueuse (PAN) est une vasculite systémique touchant les artères de petit et moyen calibre. Les atteintes neuro-ophtalmologiques sont nombreuses mais rares et s’inscrivent habituellement dans le cadre d’une PAN connue. Observation. Une femme de 51 ans présenta une parésie trochléaire (IV) droite dans le cadre de céphalées...

Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) imparted in his art a deep essence of life, and in such a unique way that many would say it is possible to experience it vicariously by looking at his paintings even once. In 10 years, while exerting mental and physical efforts that may well have contributed to his premature death, he produced an impressive number of ma...

The role of the lesion location within functional pain systems is not fully understood for central poststroke pain (CPSP) pathogenesis. In a patient with CPSP we used data from both functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for anatomo-functional correlations. Structural MRI showed a small residual cavity confin...

Objective: To study emotional behaviors in an acute stroke population. Background: Alterations in emotional behavior after stroke have been recently recognized, but little attention has been paid to these changes in the very acute phase of stroke. Methods: Adult patients presenting with acute stroke were prospectively recruited and studied. We vali...

To study emotional behaviors in an acute stroke population. Alterations in emotional behavior after stroke have been recently recognized, but little attention has been paid to these changes in the very acute phase of stroke. Adult patients presenting with acute stroke were prospectively recruited and studied. We validated the Emotional Behavior Ind...

To investigate the association between early depressive behavior after stroke onset and occurrence of poststroke depression (PSD) at 3- and 12-month follow-up evaluations. The study prospectively included 273 patients with first-ever single uncomplicated ischemic stroke. In the stroke unit, nurses scored crying, overt sadness, and apathy daily usin...

Foreign accent syndrome (FAS), a rare disorder characterized by the emergence of a new accent perceived as foreign by listeners, is usually reported with left brain damage. We here report the case of a 28-year-old native Brazilian who appeared, to the examiner, to show a North American accent during recovery from Broca's aphasia. The lesion was due...

Unlabelled: Functional neuroimaging suggests that similar brain regions are involved in the processing of pain in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic neuropathic central pain. We present a patient with chronic neuropathic central pain due to a unique lesion to the trigeminal and spinothalamic pathway who had persistent pain relief after...

We report a case of endocarditis due to Arthrobacter woluwensis and review the published reports of Arthrobacter species isolated from human clinical samples. A 39-year-old injection drug user presented with fever and a new heart murmur. A. woluwensis was isolated from blood cultures, and a diagnosis of subacute infective endocarditis of the native...

Gerstmann's syndrome comprises finger agnosia, peripheral agraphia, anarithmetia, and right-left confusion. We here report a single-case study of an 85-year-old ambidextrous man who exhibited pure Gerstmann's syndrome (i.e., without aphasia) 10 weeks after a stroke involving the angular gyrus in the left parietal lobe. We hypothesize that, in this...

The occlusion of the lateral thalamic arteries leads to infarcts of ventrolateral thalamic nuclei, the ventroposterior nucleus, and the rostrolateral part of pulvinar, and produces hemisensory loss with or without hemiataxia. Cognitive impairment after such strokes has not been systematically studied. To determine the nature and the extent of long-...

Gailloud P, Carota A, Bogousslavsky J, Fasel J. [History of the anatomy of the thalamus from antiquity to the end of the 19th century.] Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 2003;154:49–58. The physicians of the Alexandrine school seem to have been able to follow the way of the optic nerves from the retina to the brain. It was very probable that they shoul...

The physicians of the Alexandrine school seem to have been able to follow the way of the optic nerves from the retina to the brain. It was very probable that they should discover the thalamus. Sadly, anatomic knowledge, deriving from the first scientific human dissection performed in history, was destroyed in the fire of the Alexandrine Library. Wh...

Il est fréquent d’observer des effets de catégorie lors de la dénomination telles qu’une préservation des verbes par rapport aux noms ou une perturbation touchant plus spécifiquement les noms propres. Il est plus rare d’observer une dissociation à l’intérieur des noms propres soit une anomie limitée aux noms de personnes sans déficit d’accès aux au...

The brain mediates and integrates all cognitive activities, emotional experiences and finally behaviours. Stroke is undoubtedly a privileged disease for human behavioural studies, because of its high incidence. Recent advances in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques and functional neuroimaging allow both the precise localization of...

Post-stroke depression constitutes a challenging field of research in clinical neurology because it has both a high prevalence (20-60%) and a negative impact on the functional outcome. The possibility of correlating depressive behaviours and symptoms with neural circuits and regions not only allows further insight into brain functioning but also pe...

Twelve patients with a catastrophic reaction (CR) (an outburst of frustration, depression, and anger when confronted with a task) were identified in a prospective cohort population (n = 326) with first-ever stroke admitted within 48 hours from onset. The authors' findings suggest that CR is a rare though not exceptional phenomenon in acute stroke a...

P149 Background and Methods: We studied emotional behaviors and mood disorders in 165 consecutive patients with acute first-ever hemispheral stroke. In all patients, a specifically designed observational scale for behavioral appraisal (Emotional Behaviour Index Form or EBIF) was assessed daily for four days, starting within 48 hours. The EBIF, whic...

Idiopathic polymyositis (IPM) and HIV polymyositis (HIV-PM) are considered to be related autoimmune diseases whose target is skeletal muscle. They have been associated to a T cell-mediated and MHC-I-restricted cytotoxic phenomenon, but both etiology and physiopathology remain incompletely understood. Their histological hallmarks are mononuclear leu...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a subacute spongiform encephalopathy, is generally included among the group of human and animal diseases which is transmissible by a non-conventional agent, the prion, whose expression is conditioned by the host's genome. The process leading to neuropathological changes is still unknown. We report the neuropathologi...