A. Barberopoulou

Tufts University | Tufts · Department of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the use of digital mapping and GIS in combination with 3D geo-visualization in depicting landscapes and cultural heritage sites. As computers evolve in their processing capabilities (graphics card, processor, memory speed), so does the graphical output representing our world that can be done in less time. S...

Realistic representations of landscapes and cultural heritage locations can be produced using digital mapping, GIS, and 3D geo-visualization techniques. The concept is not new; in the 1990s, Reilly used the phrase "virtual archaeology" to describe the use of computers and 3D graphics software to represent sites of archaeological and historical inte...

Coastal effects of the February 6, twin Turkey earthquakes, seiches in Turkey and Cyprus, flooding

On February 6th, 2023 (at 01:17:36.1 UTC) a strong M7.8 earthquake with epi-central location 37.17 N and 37.08 E happened approximately 30 km WNW of Gaziantep city, in Southeastern Turkey (CSEM/EMSC), and about twice the distance from the border with Syria. This earthquake was followed by a similar magnitude earthquake (M7.5) approximately nine hou...

Geospatial ground failure models are routinely implemented as part of the Ground Failure tab of the USGS Event page. After the February 2023 Earthquake sequence in Turkey, ground failure maps were disseminated for the Mw7.8 and Mw7.5 events. In addition to the Zhu et al. (2015) and Zhu et al. (2017) models, the authors have an updated geospatial li...

On July 20, 2017 22:31 UTC, a strong M w = 6.6 earthquake occurred at shallow depth between Kos Island (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). We derive a co-seismic fault model from joint inversion of geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR) assuming that the earthquake can be modelled by the slip of a rectangular fault buried in an elastic and homogeneous half-space...

On 2017 and 2018 four strong/moderate earthquakes occurred at shallow focal depths in the East Mediterranean. They share a common characteristic, which is that a large part of the induced ground deformation is offshore, thus a part of the deformation footprint is missing. Assuming that the deformation source of an earthquake can be modelled by the...

Greece is affected by many natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, fires, and tsunamis. Fires, in particular, every summer account for thousands of burned acres of land (farm/forests/urban). Greece is at greatest vulnerability during the summer months when high temperatures and high winds set the “ideal” conditions for this natural disast...

Greece is affected by many natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, fires, and tsunamis. Fires, in particular, every summer account for thousands of burned acres of land (farm/forests/urban). Greece is at greatest vulnerability during the summer months when high temperatures and high winds set the “ideal” conditions for this natural disast...

We use optical satellite data to map the co-seismic displacements for the Mw=7.5 strike-slip earthquake of 28 September 2018 in Palu, Sulawesi, Indonesia. This was a strike-slip faulting event at shallow depth that occurred within the interior of the Molucca Sea microplate, which is part of the Sunda tectonic plate. Using optical image correlation...

22:31 UTC, a strong Mw = 6.6 earthquake occurred at 10-km depth offshore Kos (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). We derive a co-seismic fault model from joint inversion of geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR). We assume that the earthquake can be modelled by dip-slip along a rectangular fault buried in an elastic and homogenous half-space. The GNSS observation...

Impulse response of tsunami propagation is estimated using waveform cross-correlation with actual source wavelets measured at nearsource DART® buoys. The cross-correlated data convert the assumed minimum-phase wavelets into zero-phase wavelets where prominent peaks of wave energy enable more accurate picking of arrival times. Late energy arrivals d...

This chapter investigates the mechanism of the washout of bridge girders from tsunamis, by performing hydraulic model experiments and numerical tank analysis. Post tsunami surveys following the Mw9.0 March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan earthquake and tsunami provided invaluable data about damage to lifelines and infrastructure such as bridges. The study o...

Tsunamis: Detection, Risk Assessment, and Crisis Management is a collection of articles that showcases the diversity of tsunami science. This is truly an interdisciplinary field that brings together seismologists, engineers, social scientists, emergency managers, geologists, and geophysicists, to name a few. The title reflects this diversity of tsu...

The challenges in evaluating tsunami risk have been demonstrated in recent events such as the Indian Ocean (2004) and the Tohoku Japan (2011) tsunamis. The two events have raised more questions than answered regarding tsunami hazard mitigation, preparedness and community resilience. This study presents an attempt to predict the losses from a recurr...

We present a preliminary fault model from inversion of geodetic data regarding the shallow earthquake (M6.6) on July 20, 2017 between Kos (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). The model is constrained by geodetic data from Sentinel 1A/B interferograms, processed by SNAP software. The best-fit model favors a 40° north-dipping normal fault in agreement with...

22:31 UTC, a strong Mw = 6.6 earthquake occurred at shallow depth between Kos (Greece) and Bodrum (Turkey). We derive a co-seismic fault model from joint inversion of geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR). We assume that the earthquake can be modelled by the slip on a rectangular fault buried in an elastic and homogenous half-space. The GNSS observations...

A database of historical (preinstrumental) and modern (instrumentally recorded) tsunamis that have impacted or been observed in New Zealand has been compiled and published online. New Zealand’s tectonic setting, astride an obliquely convergent tectonic boundary on the Pacific Rim, means that it is vulnerable to local, regional, and circum-Pacific t...

Tsunami hazard assessment in the South Aegean Region of the Mediterannean using MOST

Post-disaster assessments for historical tsunami events (>25 years old) are either scarce or contain limited information. In this study, we assess ways to examine tsunami impacts by utilizing data from old events, but more importantly we examine how to best utilize information contained in tsunami historical databases, in order to provide meaningfu...

San Diego, one of the largest ports on the U.S. West Coast and home to the largest U.S. Navy base, is exposed to various local and distant tsunami sources. During the first half of the twentieth century, extensive modifications to the port included but were not limited to dredging, expansion of land near the airport and previous tidal flats, as wel...

San Diego, one of the largest ports on the U.S. West Coast and home to the largest U.S. Navy base, is exposed to various local and distant tsunami sources. During the first half of the twentieth century, extensive modifications to the port included but were not limited to dredging, expansion of land near the airport and previous tidal flats, as wel...

Crete lies in the forearc basin of the collision zone between the Eurasian and African plates-one of the highest seismicity regions in the world. The purpose of this study is to map ground deformation using time series analysis. Up until now, most geodetic observations used only GPS data. The key difference between space-based measurements and GPS...

H διαχείριση των καταστροφών, περιλαμβάνει τρείς φάσεις, την περίοδο πριν την καταστροφή και λήψης προληπτικών μέτρων, (1 η φάση), την περίοδο της επέμβασης του κρατικού μηχανισμού κατά την εξέλιξη ενός φαινομένου (2 η φάση) και την αποκατάσταση και ανάκαμψη μιας περιοχής (3 η φάση). Οι δύο πρώτες φάσεις στη διαχείριση μιας φυσικής καταστροφής είνα...

Tsunamis persist long after the triggering geophysical events diminish. The Tohoku, Japan tsunami of March 11, 2011 was an extreme event that continued to disturb the Pacific Ocean for many days following its initiation. Historically Japan was considered a source of low tsunami wave energy for the US West Coast. However, damage in California from t...

The east coast of New Zealand is known for being exposed to a variety of tsunami sources, both those arising from the nearby Hikurangi subduction zone and its associated crustal faults, and those arising from more distant parts of the Pacific. Using numerical simulations with a parallelized computer model, we assess the tsunami inundation hazard po...

Tsunami science has evolved considerably in the last two decades due to technological advancements which also helped push for better numerical modelling of the tsunami phases (generation to inundation). The deployment of DART® buoys has also been a considerable milestone in tsunami forecasting. Tsunami forecasting is one of the parts that tsunami m...

(1) The Mw7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake of 3 November, 2002, caused minor damage to at least 20 houseboats in Seattle, Washington by initiating water waves in Lake Union. These water waves were likely initiated during the large amplitude seismic surface waves from this earthquake. Maps of spectral amplification recorded during the Denali earthquake...

The New Zealand Natural Hazards Research Platform (NHRP) has sponsored a 3-year collaborative project involving industry, government and university research groups to better assess and prepare for tsunami hazards in New Zealand ports and harbours. Recent tsunamis in 2009, 2010 and 2011 (Samoa, Chile and Japan) highlighted the vulnerability of New Z...

Tsunamis can last a long time compared to the geophysical events that generate them. The Tohoku, Japan tsunami of March 11, 2011 was an extreme event that continued to disturb the Pacific Ocean for many days following its initiation. Historically Japan was considered a source of low tsunami wave energy for the US West Coast. However, damage in Cali...

We describe observations, analysis and modeling of the March 11, 2001 Tohoku tsunami in the far field based on field surveys conducted immediately after the event. In California, significant damage occurred in Crescent City and Santa Cruz harbors with moderate to minor damage at maritime facilities throughout the state. The largest surges coincided...

The February 27, 2010 Chile and March 11, 2011 Japan tsunamis caused dramatic loss of life and damage in the near-source region, and notable impacts in distant coastal regions like California. Comprehensive post-tsunami surveys and the availability of hundreds of videos within harbors and marinas allow for detailed documentation of these two events...

A new generation of tsunami inundation maps is now available for 20 coastal counties in California. These maps represent an improvement over previous efforts, as they are based on the most recent descriptions of potential tsunami sources, apply recently updated numerical modeling techniques, and cover previously unmapped regions of the State. Since...

We assess tsunami hazards in San Diego Bay, California, using newly identified offshore tsunami sources and recently available high resolution bathymetric/topographic data. Using MOST (Titov and Synolakis, J Waterways Port Coastal Ocean Eng ASCE 124(4):57–171, 1998), we simulate locally, regionally and distant-generated tsunamis. Local tsunami sour...

California is the first US State to complete its tsunami inundation mapping. A new generation of tsunami inundation maps is now available for 17 coastal counties.. The new maps offer improved coverage for many areas, they are based on the most recent descriptions of potential tsunami farfield and nearfield sources and use the best available bathyme...

This report describes the tsunami survey performed in Chile, 1 month after the 27 February 2010 Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake. The survey was done in the frame of the International Tsunami Survey Team in Chile (ITST-Chile), under the UNESCO coordination. The primary aim was to collect data for assessing the accuracy of tsunami inundation models and to un...

The California Geological Survey (CGS) has partnered with other tsunami specialists to produce two statewide databases to facilitate the evaluation of tsunami hazard products for both emergency response and land-use planning and development. A robust, State-run tsunami deposit database is being developed that compliments and expands on existing dat...

In the 21 April issue (Eos, 90(16), 2009), the article titled ``New maps of California to improve tsunami preparedness'' contained an error in its Figure 2 caption. Figure 2 is a map of Goleta, a city in Santa Barbara County. Thus, the first sentence of the caption should read, ``Newly created tsunami inundation maps for Goleta, a city in Santa Bar...

On 25 April 1992, an M 7.1 earthquake shook the coast of Cape Mendocino near Petrolia, Calif., followed by two large aftershocks (both M ˜ 6.6) the next day. Although no lives were lost in these temblors, 98 people were injured. These earthquakes heavily damaged older structures within this sparsely populated, mountainous region, causing more than...

On November 15, 2006, Crescent City in Del Norte County, California was hit by a tsunami generated by a M w 8.3 earthquake in the central Kuril Islands. Strong currents that persisted over an eight-hour period damaged floating docks and several boats and caused an estimated $9.2 million in losses. Initial tsunami alert bulletins issued by the West...

A consortium of tsunami hydrodynamic modelers, geologic hazard mapping specialists, and emergency planning managers is producing maximum tsunami inundation maps for California, covering most residential and transient populated areas along the state's coastline. The new tsunami inundation maps will be an upgrade from the existing maps for the state,...

We assess tsunami hazards in San Diego Bay, California, using recently available high resolution bathymetric/topographic data and newly identified offshore tsunami sources. Using MOST (Titov and Synolakis, 1998), we simulate locally, regionally, and distant-generated tsunamis. Local tsunami source models use more realistic fault and landslide data...

Crescent City, located in Del Norte County on the California coast about 460 k north of San Francisco (Figure 1), has suffered more impacts from historic tsunamis than any other community on the west coast of the United States (Dengler and Magoon 2006). Thirty-one tsunamis have been observed at this small coastal city (population 7,542) since a tid...

Large seismic waves can be a result of earthquakes on local, regional, or distant fault zones occasionally setting bodies of water into oscillation. Seismic seiching is a recurrent phenomenon in the state of Washington and elsewhere (e.g., Berninghausen, 1969; Barberopoulou et at., 2004; Cassidy et al., 2005; Barberopoulou et al., 2006). To investi...

On November 15, 2006 the harbor at Crescent City in Del Norte County, California was hit by a series of tsunami surges generated by the Mw 8.3 Kuril Islands earthquake. This earthquake produced the largest Kuril tsunami to reach Crescent City since 1933 when the tide gauge was installed. The largest amplitude surge, 1.76 m peak to trough, was the s...

We model tsunami runup and inundation along the Northern California Coast caused by hypothetical earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). The CSZ forms the boundary between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates and extends from Northern California to Southern British Columbia and is believed capable of producing great earthquakes...

Complexity in the tectonic model for Pacific-North America transform motion in the offshore southern California region is demonstrated by earthquakes near San Clemente Island and Fortymile Bank. Observed focal mechanisms show movements opposite to those predicted by the plate tectonic theory for right-slip on NW- trending transform faults and obser...

On November 15, Crescent City in Del Norte County, California was hit by a series of tsunami surges generated by the M = 8.3 Kuril Islands earthquake causing an estimated 9.7 million (US dollars) in damages to the small boat basin. This was the first significant tsunami loss on US territory since the 1964 Alaska tsunami. The damage occurred nearly...

We model tsunami inundation and runup heights in Crescent City, California triggered by possible earthquakes on the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). The CSZ is believed capable of producing great earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw 9.0 or greater. We simulate plausible CSZ rupture scenarios and calculate inundation using MOST (Titov and Synolakis, 199...

Analysis of strong-motion instrument recordings in Seattle, Washing-ton, resulting from the 2002 M w 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake reveals that ampli-fication in the 0.2-to 1.0-Hz frequency band is largely governed by the shallow sediments both inside and outside the sedimentary basins beneath the Puget Lowland. Sites above the deep sedimentary st...

On Wednesday, 15 November 2006, Crescent City Harbor, in Del Norte County, Calif., was hit by surges resulting from the tsunami generated by the Mw=8.3 Kuril Islands earthquake. The strong currents caused an estimated US $700,000 to $1 million in losses to the small boat basin at Citizen's Dock, destroying or damaging three floating docks and causi...

1] The Mw7.9 Denali, Alaska earthquake of 3 November, 2002, caused minor damage to at least 20 houseboats in Seattle, Washington by initiating water waves in Lake Union. These water waves were likely initiated during the large amplitude seismic surface waves from this earthquake. Maps of spectral amplification recorded during the Denali earthquake...

The Mw7.9 Alaska earthquake of 3 November, 2002, damaged a large number of houseboats by initiating a seiche in Lake Union in Seattle, Washington. These houseboats were possibly damaged by motion during the surface waves, which were the largest arrivals from this earthquake. To better understand the causes of this seiche and estimate its hazard in...

The Mw 7.9 Denali earthquake of 3 November 2002 caused minor damage to at least 20 houseboats by initiating water waves in Lake Union, Seattle, Washington. Damage caused by unusual water activity is not uncommon in Washington State. Newspaper reports show that damage also has been caused by water waves in the Seattle area during local or distant ea...

On November 15, 2006, Crescent City in Del Norte County, California was hit by a series of tsunami surges generated by a M w = 8.3 earthquake located in the Kuril Islands. Strong currents generated by the tsunami damaged floating docks and several boats, causing an estimated $9.2 million in losses. Initial tsunami alert bulletins were issued by the...