What role does oxygen bonded to a metal in metal oxides play in Faradaic reaction for charge storage?

How do I find Miller coefficients?

I try to plot cole-cole plot so could give some information how to calculate real and imaginary impedance.

Is it ethical (legally allowed) to publish X-ray diffraction spectra in a scholarly article if the data analysis was performed using an hacked version of High-score software?

An XRD pattern with an intense peak of 311 in a standard JCPD card of Cobalt oxide remains fine but after the dopping of palladium oxide the peak shifted more towards left and why not right? I read somewhere that peak shifts are due to expansion or contractions but they they occur due to dopping?

is it always true that when we plot imaginary part with real part of dielectric contant,it takes the shape of semicircle?

I get this type of curve

When running FullProf through EdPCR, if you go to "Refinement" then "Atoms", you will see your atomic positions, a B-factor column, and the "Occ" column. I'm currently refining occupancies for BiFeO₃. When I refine Bi and Fe, I get a lower occupancy. This is what I expect. When I refine O, I get an occupancy higher than 1 (it starts at 1). How should this be interpreted? If I understand site occupancy correctly, that shouldn't be possible. If I keep getting a number greater than 1, should I just set it to 1?

Does/Can anyone clarify my doubt?

In metal oxides, the fast faradaic process has occurred across the interface between electrode and electrolyte.

For example, if the Ni(OH)2 is used as metal oxide then Ni(OH)2 is oxidized to NiOOH in alkaline medium as the electrolyte (KOH solution). This implies that the electrode material is oxidized to higher oxidation state at the interface between electrode and electrolyte.

But for heteroatom-doped graphene, for example, If the capacitance behavior of  N-doped graphene is studied in an alkaline medium then Pyrdinic N is oxidized to Pyridinic-N-oxide by the reaction of pyridine N with hydroxide ions from KOH solution (electrolyte) with an applied potential.

Finally, the redox reaction has occurred in both cases; Why CV curve of metal oxide/sulfide has shown strong and sharp redox peak in CV curve while CV curve of heteroatom doped graphene has shown the broad redox peak in CV curve. Why?

If we answer this question then same answer also applies for the fact that the specific capacitance of metal oxide/sulfide is greater than heteroatom doped graphene (N--doped graphene /S-doped graphene/B-doped graphene).

If anyone knows the answer then please submit your answer to my email address.

with regards

can anybody clearly explain me reasons for broadening of XRD peaks.

Thank you in advance

I recently submitted an article to a journal. I used the Scherrer formula, the W-H plot method, and the Size-strain plot method to determine the crystallite size of the synthesized nanoparticles. One of the reviewers mentioned that the data in the W-H plot are too much scattered and it is difficult to find a linear correlation from the plotted data. As far as I can understand, the cause for this scattering data is due to variations in FWHM values, and I've seen the same scenario in some other research articles. However, because I do not have a background in Material Science, I would like to hear your suggestions. What should I say in reply to the reviewer's comment?

N.B.: I have attached here the W-H plot graph of synthesized ZnO from the article.