Superoxide Detection - Science topic

In this review, some of the recent developments in probes and assay techniques specific for superoxide (O2(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are discussed. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in O2(•-) and H2O2 detection due to syntheses of new redox probes, better understanding of their chemistry, and development of specific a...

Significance: Mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Different ROS, such as superoxide (O2(•-)), hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), stimulate distinct cell-signaling pathways and lead to diverse outcomes depending on their amount and subcellular l...

The radical anion of dioxygen superoxide (O2.-) is a physiological free radical formed in various enzymatic processes. On the one hand superoxide is a precursor of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (hydroxyl radicals, peroxy radicals, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, etc.), -the initiators of cellular damage; on the other hand it is a signaling...

In this article, we address the mechanism of superoxide formation from constitutive nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Merits and drawbacks of the various superoxide detection assays are reviewed. One of the most viable techniques for measuring superoxide from NOS is electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping using a novel phosphorylated spin trap. Imp...