Université Lumiere Lyon 2

Cet article propose d’alimenter la réflexion sur la notion de circulation des termes, dans le contexte particulier de l’endométriose. Cette réflexion s’articule autour de l’exploration outillée de deux corpus comparables, l’un composé d’articles de presse généraliste française et l’autre de textes de spécialité. Différents points de variation entre les deux corpus sont mis au jour à l’aide de la combinaison d’indices quantitatifs et qualitatifs et permettent d’identifier et de discuter les représentations de l’endométriose dans la presse, en comparaison avec les textes spécialisés. Les analyses menées sur les corpus montrent ainsi que, dans la presse, ces représentations incluent systématiquement des questions comme les douleurs liées à l’endométriose, les lacunes dans les connaissances actuelles sur cette maladie ou encore l’association entre endométriose et revendications féministes. Dans la presse, ces représentations reflètent également les variations qui existent au sein de la communauté des spécialistes, à propos notamment de la définition même d’endométriose. Ces observations participent à nourrir la réflexion sur les différentes voix représentées dans la presse et sur leur rôle dans la circulation des termes.

Avec une méthodologie s’inscrivant dans le cadre de la linguistique interactionnelle, cette étude porte sur un corpus d’appels d’urgence en français pour des urgences médicales. Nous analysons le degré de gravité exprimé par des appelants profanes par le biais de leur emploi de marqueurs d’intensité, tels que les adverbes de degré. Nous proposons une analyse structurale et interactionnelle des marqueurs déployés à des fins d’intensification ou d’atténuation dans les descriptions de l’état du patient. Pour ce faire, nous documentons les structures grammaticales employées et la façon dont les régulateurs y répondent et réagissent dans les tours de parole suivants. Nous proposons que cette étude des structures grammaticales employées par les appelants profanes pour des urgences avérées est une fenêtre privilégiée pour mieux comprendre les liens entre urgence ressentie, urgence exprimée, et urgence réelle.

La présente contribution propose de nouvelles avancées dans le but de relever l’un des défis majeurs posé par la classe des prépositions complexes à la communauté des chercheurs en linguistique : la possibilité d’en dresser une liste. En vue du développement d’une méthode entièrement automatisée pour extraire des candidats appartenant à cette classe, nous proposons une étude expérimentale où sont croisées deux approches pour caractériser les prépositions complexes : d’une part, l’application d’une grille multicritère proposée par Vigier & Kahng (2022) (suite à Stosic & Fagard (2019)) qui nécessite de combiner des tests manuels avec des mesures statistiques extraites de corpus ; d’autre part l’extraction automatisée d’une série d’indices textométriques, dont certains sont originaux, comme le taux d’insertion ou une mesure de dispersion composite. Nos observations montrent que sur une liste de candidats comportant de nombreux intrus, quelques indices peuvent se révéler discriminants, tels que le taux d’insertion, la dispersion par année ou par fichier, ainsi que, dans une moindre mesure, des mesures d’association statistique comme le t-score et log rapport de vraisemblance. Mais nous montrons également, en étudiant une liste de candidats construits avec la préposition « en », que ces observations sont à nuancer et dépendent notamment du comportement syntaxique des prépositions mises en jeu.

Background: Parental support has been suggested to mitigate mental and physical consequences following childhood sexual abuse (CSA). However, many CSA survivors experience parental rejection post-CSA. Objective: We aimed to understand the impact of abuse-specific parental acceptance on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physical pain in Burundian CSA-survivors. We further assessed the significance of parental acceptance among known risk factors for predicting PTSD. Methods, participants, and settings: Participants (N =131, 80.9 % female, mean age 16.21 years) were recruited via primary health care centers for survivors of sexual violence which survivors approached post-CSA. Survivors reported on PTSD symptoms, daytime/nighttime pain, and adverse childhood experiences in semi-structured interviews. Parental acceptance levels were categorized (acceptance, no acceptance, no contact) for mothers and fathers separately. Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed group differences. Conditional random forests (CRF) evaluated the significance of parental acceptance in predicting PTSD symptom severity. Results: No significant differences regarding PTSD symptoms and physical pain between levels of maternal acceptance were obtained. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in PTSD symptom severity between paternal acceptance and no acceptance (d =1.04) and paternal acceptance and no contact (d =0.81). The CRF identified paternal acceptance as important variable for the prediction of PTSD symptom severity. Even though results were less conclusive, medium effect sizes hint at less pain perception within the paternal acceptance group. Conclusions: The results highlight paternal acceptance as a potential risk or protective factor regarding psychological and possibly physical well-being in the aftermath of CSA, even in the context of other known risk factors.

We analyze the link between Kemmerer’s reforms as Money Doctor and the orientation of monetary policy in Latin America during the ninety twenties. Until the creation of central banks the debates on monetary policy in Latin America turned around the opposition between metalistas and papelistas. While the former defended anti-devaluating policies and advocated for the adoption of the Gold Standard, the latter were inclined to use fiat money and often took pro-inflation policies. These positions reflect the interests of different groups of the ruling classes, in a context of uneven development of monetary production economies. After the First World War, Kemmerer’s reforms took place in an environment characterized by a broader improvement of monetary production economies. Along with his complicity with the interests of dominant groups and foreign capitalists in these primary-export economies, monetary policies proposed by Kemmerer assumed the fundamental role of credit circulation and central banking regulation. We show that Kemmerer’s experiences illustrate what we called the neo-metalista monetary policy, which dominated Latin America in the ninety twenties. We privilege the case of Andean countries (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru), whose monetary history was marked by the Kemmerer reforms during the establishment of the first central banks of the whole region.

Background Impaired cognitive function is observed in many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease. At present, the pharmaceutical treatments available to counter cognitive decline have only modest effects, with significant side effects. A nonpharmacological treatment that has received considerable attention is computerized cognitive training (CCT), which aims to maintain or improve cognitive functioning through repeated practice in standardized exercises. CCT allows for more regular and thorough training of cognitive functions directly at home, which represents a significant opportunity to prevent and fight cognitive decline. However, the presence of assistance during training seems to be an important parameter to improve patients’ motivation and adherence to treatment. To compensate for the absence of a therapist during at-home CCT, a relevant option could be to include a virtual assistant to accompany patients throughout their training. Objective The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate the interest of including a virtual assistant to accompany patients during CCT. We investigated the relationship between various individual factors (eg, age, psycho-affective functioning, personality, personal motivations, and cognitive skills) and the appreciation and usefulness of a virtual assistant during CCT. This study is part of the THERADIA (Thérapies Digitales Augmentées par l’Intelligence Artificielle) project, which aims to develop an empathetic virtual assistant. Methods A total of 104 participants were recruited, including 52 (50%) young adults (mean age 21.2, range 18 to 27, SD 2.9 years) and 52 (50%) older adults (mean age 67.9, range 60 to 79, SD 5.1 years). All participants were invited to the laboratory to answer several questionnaires and perform 1 CCT session, which consisted of 4 cognitive exercises supervised by a virtual assistant animated by a human pilot via the Wizard of Oz method. The participants evaluated the virtual assistant and CCT at the end of the session. Results Analyses were performed using the Bayesian framework. The results suggest that the virtual assistant was appreciated and perceived as useful during CCT in both age groups. However, older adults rated the assistant and CCT more positively overall than young adults. Certain characteristics of users, especially their current affective state (ie, arousal, intrinsic relevance, goal conduciveness, and anxiety state), appeared to be related to their evaluation of the session. Conclusions This study provides, for the first time, insight into how young and older adults perceive a virtual assistant during CCT. The results suggest that such an assistant could have a beneficial influence on users’ motivation, provided that it can handle different situations, particularly their emotional state. The next step of our project will be to evaluate our device with patients experiencing mild cognitive impairment and to test its effectiveness in long-term cognitive training.

A promising stream of investigations is targeting ongoing neural oscillations and whether their modulation could be related to the perception of pain. Using an electroencephalography (EEG) frequency-tagging approach, sustained periodic thermonociceptive stimuli perceived as painful have been shown to modulate ongoing oscillations in the theta, alpha and beta bands at the frequency of stimulation. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether these modulations are indeed linked to pain perception. To test this relationship, we modulated pain perception using a cue-based expectation modulation paradigm and investigated whether ongoing oscillations in different frequency bands mirror the changes in stimulus perception. Forty healthy participants were instructed that a visual cue can precede either a high- or low-intensity stimulation. These cues were paired with three different levels of sustained periodic thermonociceptive stimuli (low, medium and high). Despite a strong effect of expectation on perceived stimulus intensity, this effect was not reflected in the modulation of the ongoing oscillations, suggesting a potential dissociation of pain perception and these oscillatory activities. Rather, it seems that the intensity of stimulation is the primary generator of the frequency-tagged EEG responses. Importantly, these results need to be confirmed by further investigations that could allow the detection of smaller effects than originally estimated.

The fear-avoidance model is a well-established framework in the understanding of persistent pain. It proposes a dichotomous path: either the context is interpreted as safe; there is no fear reaction and, therefore, the individual engages in active (positive) coping; or the context is interpreted as threatening, leading to a self-reinforcing vicious circle of fear and (negative) avoidance. We propose an embodied interpretation of this phenomenon employing the joint framework of predictive coding and active inference. The key idea is that multisensory integration of exteroceptive, proprioceptive, and interoceptive sensory inputs can lead to dysfunctional experiences of threat in nonthreatening situations. Threat inference can promote fear responses, maladaptive strategies (i.e., avoidance) and self-provides evidence for threat in associated or future contexts, or both. Under this treatment, the prediction of nonrealized threat becomes self-evidencing and context-invariant, and hence self-perpetuating. Safety cues are unable to attenuate the interpretation of the negative context as the dominant inference of the context is threatful and gains more precision and becomes resistant over time. Our model provides an explanation for the emergence of a dysfunctional fear response in the clinical setting despite apparent safety based on modern concepts from theoretical (computational) neuroscience.

Purpose We aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) and its correlates among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 in France. Methods This cross-sectional was study conducted among PLWHA co-infected with SARS-CoV-2. HRQL was measured using the four dimensions of the PROQOL-HIV scale. Factors associated with each dimension were identified using linear regression. Results mean (SD) scores for HRQL dimensions: 76.7 (± 21.1) for Physical Health and Symptoms (PHS), 79.2 (± 23.6) for Social Relationships (SR), 67.3 (± 27.4) for Mental and Cognitive (MC), and 83.9 (± 16.5) for Treatment Impact (TI). Employment status and COVID-19 knowledge were associated with higher PHS score, while blood transfusion-acquired HIV, CDC HIV, hospital discharge instructions, and self-reported symptoms were associated with lower PHS score. Couple status was associated with higher SR score, whereas, hospital discharge instructions, CDC HIV stage C, drug injection-acquired HIV, self-reported symptoms, and COVID-19 vulnerability perception were associated with lower SR score. Employment status and French birth were associated with higher MC score, while female sex, detectable HIV viral load, hospital discharge instructions, COVID-19 vulnerability perception, smoking, and self-reported symptoms were associated with lower MC score. French birth and homosexual/bisexual relationships-acquired HIV were associated with higher TI score, while detectable HIV viral load, psychiatric disorders, and self-reported symptoms were associated with lower TI score Conclusion Among PLWHA co-infected with SARS-CoV-2, the scores of HRQL were impaired, particularly in the MC dimension. Findings underscore the multidimensional nature of HRQL, with notable variations across different dimensions. Understanding these correlates is crucial for tailored interventions aimed at improving the well-being of this population.

The axiomatic foundations of Bentham and Rawls solutions are discussed within the broader domain of cardinal preferences. It is unveiled that both solution concepts share all four of the following axioms: Nonemptiness, Anonymity, Unanimity, and Continuity. In order to fully characterize the Bentham and Rawls solutions, three variations of a consistency criterion are introduced and their compatibility with the other axioms is assessed. Each expression of consistency can be interpreted as a property of decision-making in risky or uncertain environments.

Malnutrition gives rise to stigmatisation worldwide and is a pressing societal issue. Drawing on social representation theory and on the process of othering, a lexicometric analysis of Nepalese press articles (N = 440) was conducted to explore if, and how, Othering of the malnourished is at play and how articles (re)construct the threat of malnutrition. The results indicate that Othering takes different forms depending on the threat the malnourished represent: (a) the malnourished in foreign countries are perceived as suffering from hunger due to a lack of social development and democracy whereas (b) the malnourished in Nepal are perceived as being afflicted because they hold traditional beliefs. However, (c) when the threat can be attributed to natural disasters, no negative attributes were associated with the malnourished in Nepal. This suggests that Othering is neither systematic nor monolithic. These findings illustrate how social psychology can address urgent societal questions while equally offering an opportunity for new theoretical developments.

The structure of communities is influenced by many ecological and evolutionary processes, but the way these manifest in classic biodiversity patterns often remains unclear. Here we aim to distinguish the ecological footprint of selection–through competition or environmental filtering–from that of neutral processes that are invariant to species identity. We build on existing Massive Eco-evolutionary Synthesis Simulations (MESS), which uses information from three biodiversity axes–species abundances, genetic diversity, and trait variation–to distinguish between mechanistic processes. To correctly detect and characterise competition, we add a new and more realistic form of competition that explicitly compares the traits of each pair of individuals. Our results are qualitatively different to those of previous work in which competition is based on the distance of each individual’s trait to the community mean. We find that our new form of competition is easier to identify in empirical data compared to the alternatives. This is especially true when trait data are available and used in the inference procedure. Our findings hint that signatures in empirical data previously attributed to neutrality may in fact be the result of pairwise-acting selective forces. We conclude that gathering more different types of data, together with more advanced mechanistic models and inference as done here, could be the key to unravelling the mechanisms of community assembly and question the relative roles of neutral and selective processes.

We have tried to retrace the contributions and dissemination of the work of the famous British psychologist F.C. Bartlett through various authors who have been inspired by his work, to a greater or lesser extent. To investigate these questions, we have chosen to carry out a bibliometric work. We were interested in the scientific articles available via the electronic library services. The only criterion that guided us in the inclusion in the corpus was the explicit nominative reference to Frederic Charles Bartlett on the whole article. The corpus collected (n = 731) concerns a period of almost a century (1920–2019). The results reveal two periods of increased publication, in 1985 (n = 20) and 2019 (n = 137). Nevertheless, while the name of the author is increasingly cited, most of the time it is only once in the body of the articles. A form of scientific automatism manifests itself in the form of a brief, systematic and automatic citation of the first edition of only one of his books. This “mystified” usage may well extend beyond this author, since Lewin is subject to the same stereotypical quotations and paradoxical marginalization in French-language social psychology textbooks (Pétard et al., 2001).

Review of: Andrew Johnston: Selected Poems , Andrew Johnston (2023) Wellington: Te Herenga Waka University Press, 208 pp., ISBN 978 1 77692 069 3 (hbk), NZ$40

The Study Demands and Resources Scale (SDRS) has shown promise as a valid and reliable measure for measuring students’ specific study demands and -resources. However, there is no evidence as to its psychometric properties outside of the original context in which it was developed. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the SDRS in a cross-national student population through examining its longitudinal factorial validity, internal consistency, and temporal invariance as well as criterion validity through its association with study engagement and task performance over time. Results showed that a Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Model (ESEM) with one general factor (overall study characteristics) and five specific factors (workload, growth opportunities, lecturer support, peer support, information availability) fitted the data, showed strong measurement invariance over time, and was reliable at different time points. The study further established criterion validity for the overall study characteristics factor through its concurrent and predictive associations with study engagement and task performance. However, the specific factors’ concurrent and predictive capacity could only partially be established when controlling for the general study characteristics factor. These findings suggest that study characteristics should be measured as a dynamic interaction between study demands and resources, rather than a hierarchical model.

Learning to spell in an inconsistent orthographic system is a true challenge for primary school children. Previous empirical studies have highlighted three main skills involved in this learning process: phonological skills, morphological skills, and children's sensitivity to graphotactic regularities. However, the literature shows contradictions in the exact nature of the contribution of each skill at different stages of the learning process. So, the aim of our study was to test the contribution of this set of skills in the acquisition of lexical spelling as a function of children's grade level. For this purpose , we assessed these dimensions in a cross-sectional sample of 1101 French-speaking children from Grade 1 to Grade 5. The analyses were conducted using data-driven exploratory network mod-eling. The results showed (a) a predominant role of phonological skills at the beginning of learning, which tends to decrease with advancing schooling; (b) an increasing contribution of morphological skills from Grade 1 to Grade 5 with a drop in Grade 4, which is the only contribution that continues to increase in Grade 5; and (c) a contribution of the sensitivity to graphotactic regularities that tends to be stable until Grade 4 before decreasing in Grade 5. Our findings show the importance of all three skills in a dynamic process in learning to spell. The implications of these results are