Smt Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani College

A new species of Coltricia, C. raigadensis is described from tropical region of Maharashtra, India. The species is recognized on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial 28S rDNA and partial 18S rDNA sequences. Coltricia raigadensis is characterized by centrally stipitate basidiocarps, adpressed velutinate to tomentose pileal surface, small pores (2–4 per mm), globose to subglobose, thick walled basidiospores measuring 5.6–7 × 5–6.64 μm.

Cyanobacterial farming is an emerging trend to harness solar energy to produce multiple bioproducts. Additionally, cyanobacterial biomass production has potential to resolve the global warming problem by mitigating the impact of greenhouse gases. However, the massive cultivation of cyanobacteria is still at the budding stage because of technical issues in large-scale cultivation, optimization of strains, and calibration of sustenance medium and production medium in sterile conditions. Based on the abovementioned factors, this chapter discusses different aspects of cyanobacterial production systems that will cover the issues faced in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. Their viability, growth, economic profitability and sustainability in open, closed and photobioreactors, respectively. Further, the challenges faced in the optimization process of versatile strains, which are commercially exploited for bioenergy, functional foods and high-value chemicals, were analysed on multi-parameters. We described various risks involved in downstream processing and adaptation to cultivation media specifications. This chapter will help to understand the glitches that occurred during large-scale production systems and summarize new strategies to support the circular bioeconomy.

This study presented a solvent-free synthesis of 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridine derivatives by a one-pot condensation reaction between cyclic 1,3-diketone, aldehydes using Fe3O4@MgO core–shell structured nanocatalyst up to 89–98% yield. The study was conducted using both the substrate—ammonium acetate and aniline. The nanocatalyst was synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method and found to be both facile and efficient in facilitating the synthesis of the desired derivatives in a short reaction time (5–18 min). The present methodology offers several advantages, such as low cost, magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst, solvent-free strategy, easy setup, high yield, and short reaction time, clearly portraying the present reaction's green approach. Graphical abstract

Pelargonium graveolens commonly known as geranium crop has received attention by essential oil manufacturers. Geranium plant is propagated using plant tissue culture followed by its cultivation in the fields. Geranium oil extraction creates a large amount of post distilled geranium biomass (PDGB). The present study utilized this unexplored PDGB for extraction of antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and antimicrobial constituents for cosmetic applications and determining the extract’s safety. The PDGB of methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract exhibited good qualitative phytochemical profiles. Antimicrobial activity was found to be absent in both extracts. Ethyl acetate extract of PDGB exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition. The IC50 for ethyl acetate extract and methanol extract were found to be 0.188 and 0.201 mg/ml, whereas for GO it was found to be 77.49 mg/ml. The tyrosinase inhibition was found to be significantly higher (p

Rhizosphere is a zone of predominantly commensal and mutualistic interaction between plants and microorganisms. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are referred to those bacteria which colonize on the root surface and aid in the enhanced development of the plant. Plant roots provide important nutritional requirements for both plant and microorganisms. PGPR exhibit great phenotypic and genotypic diversity. The apparent PGPR can be counted as PGPR when they show good comparative results on plant growth upon inoculation. In the recent years, study of PGPR has taken a peak interest because of their replacement as biofertilizers over chemical and synthetic fertilizers. Factors that affect the growth promotion are the production of phytohormones, such as indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, etc., fixing of atmospheric nitrogen, solubilization of phosphates, etc. PGPR can also act as a biocontrol agent exhibiting various mechanisms, such as the induction of systemic resistance and antagonism.

In this study, the impacts of co-pyrolyzing wood-based biomass from Ficus benghalensis with PET on liquid oil output, reactivity, and heating values were investigated. The effects of temperature on the product distribution of individual pyrolysis and the biomass-plastic ratio on co-pyrolysis were investigated. For individual pyrolysis, a maximum amount of 40.8 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from biomass at 450°C. On the other hand, a maximum of 59.5 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from PET at 500°C. The co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted by blending PET with biomass at different percentages, such as 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. At 60% addition of PET, a more positive synergistic effect was identified due to radical secondary reactions. In addition, the physical and chemical characterization studies conducted on pyrolysis oil showed that biomass and plastic materials could be used to make valuable chemicals.

A new species of Micropsalliota is described from tropical region of Maharashtra, India. The species is recognized on the basis of morphological details and its phylogenetic placement is determined by using of nrITS and nrLSU sequence data analyses. Micropsalliota pileocystidiata is characterised by its robust basidiomes covered by reddish brown appressed fibrillose squamules, ellipsoid to amygdaliform basidiospores, pyriform pileocystidia and clavate, utriform to broadly utriform or sometimes ellipsoid cheilo- and pleurocystidia.

The liquid–liquid extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI) with 4-methyl-N–n-octylaniline as an extracting agent are presented in detail. The optimum conditions for the distribution of Th(IV) and U(VI) between aqueous H2SO4 acid and 4-methyl-N–n-octylaniline in xylene are performed. The effect of acidity and extracting agent concentration on the metal extraction are also studied. The range of H2SO4 concentration investigated for quantitative evoking of Th(IV) was 0.7–0.9 mol L−1 using 2.0% of the reagent. The 0.1 mol L−1 nitric acid was used as strippant for Th(IV) loaded organic phase. Similarly, the range of H2SO4 concentration investigated was 0.8 to 1.8 mol L−1 for quantitative evoking of U(VI) with 4.0% reagent concentration. Acetate buffer having pH of 4.5 was employed for stripping of U(VI) from the organic phase. Hence 4-methyl-N–n-octylaniline in xylene was found to be suitable reagent for extraction of Th(IV) and U(VI). The recovery percentages were warranted the accuracy and found around 99.2%. In addition, relative SD values were below 3%. The selective stripping was found to be useful for their mutual separation and determination.

Increased population growth, industrialization, and modern culture create a variety of consequences, including environmental pollution, heavy metal accumulation, and decreasing energy resources. This perilous position necessitates the development of long-term energy resources and strategies to address environmental threats and power shortages. In this study, an investigation into the use of castor seed oil cake and waste tyres as a feed material for the copyrolysis process for yielding maximum oil production was performed. The copyrolysis experiments were performed by changing the mass percentage of waste tyres with oil cake to make different ratios of 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100. At 50 : 50 ratio, the maximum positive synergy on oil production was obtained. At that condition, a maximum of 59.8 wt% oil was produced and characterized to analyze its physiochemical properties. The coprocessing of the selected two feed materials enables the stabilization of the oil, as the produced oil has a lower oxygen content with a maximum heating value of 38.72 MJ/kg. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the oil showed the existence of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic elements. Adding waste tyres to the biomass improved the quality of the oil by increasing carbon content with reduced oxygen content.

Probiotics have an important role in healthcare industry with a special focus on balancing and restoration of gut microbiota. Probiotics helps in nutritional balance as well as disease prevention of both gut and outside the gut. Probiotics belong to bacteria, fungi, and yeast with a predominant genus of Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, etc. Probiotics with nutritive claims (nutribiotics) are associated with two subdivisions namely therapeutic and pharmacological probiotics; they are collectively termed as pharmabiotics. The probiotics are obtained from various conventional (diary product, breast milk, fecal) and nonconventional (soil, fruit, insect, fish) sources. Probiotics mode of action associated with epithelial cells in terms of increased adhesion to intestinal mucosa, competitive exclusion of pathogenic microorganisms, production of antimicrobial substances, immune modulation, interaction with tolllike receptors (TLRs), and interaction with NOD-like receptors and probiotics. Apart from all these sources and mode of action, this chapter discusses the probiotic selection guidelines as well as potential of probiotics in healthcare sectors including antibiotics, obesity, cancer, diabetic, heart diseases, and as immune-stimulant. Probiotics could be a powerful and effective medication for the treatment and recovery of COVID-19 patients. Thus, overall healthcare section is more closely associated with the probiotic microbes and as a result of human gut feelings.

The current laboratory investigation presents the heat dissipating capability of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate (CaCl2·6H2O) salt inorganic PCM (IPCM) based heat dissipating arrangement for the thermal regulation of the digital devices like computer processors. During the course of the inquiry, a straight finned heat sink (also known as a SHS) was incorporated into the planned IPCM. The IPCM-based SHS thermal regulation method is an example of the indirect heat dissipating technology that can do away with the need for the blower-integrated traditional thermal management methods. In order to simulate the thermal radiation that would be produced by a computer processor, a flat-plate heating element has been utilized. For a given weight percent of IPCM, two distinct SHS configurations, namely SHS without IPCM (SHS-Plain) and SHS with IPCM (SHS-IPCM), have been investigated. The experiments were carried out at three different energy densities: 1.2 kW/m², 1.8 kW/m², and 2.4 kW/m². After that, the heat transfer character of the various configurations of SHS has been examined for a pre-set target temperature of 75 °C at the aforementioned power intensities. The findings revealed that the incorporation of the IPCM with the SHS outperformed in minimizing the heating time of the SHS, which proves the capacity of the IPCM in reducing the temperature of the thermal load on the computer chips. [copyright information to be updated in production process]

The tremendous thermal and mechanical capabilities of carbon-based nanomaterials have drawn from researchers across the world. Composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and fullerenes (C20) were utilized in this study to increase their strength. A hot extrusion approach and a solution-based semipowder metallurgical technology were employed. Microscopically and mechanically, the samples were tested. Mechanical properties were assessed through the use of roughness and tensile tests. Even a small amount of nanocarbon (0.25 wt %) significantly improved the toughness and hardness qualities of AA7075. Composite reinforced with C20 was found to have higher hardness and yield strength than any other samples.

The biological state-of-the-art purification of wastewaters has gained momentum in recent times. The microalgal capability to reduce N and P contaminants, as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD), is implemented in wastewater treatment processes. This green microalgal strategy to integrate wastewater treatment and to achieve better energy efficiency mainly depends on the purpose, scalability, nutrient uptake of algal species and economic feasibility. Therefore, the microalgal approach is sustainable as compared to conventional methods of wastewater treatments because it generates no toxic waste and can grow in limited resources to meet the soaring energy demand of the world. In this chapter, we discuss the successful trials on pretreatment methods employing microalgae to treat a variety of wastewaters based on a different selection criterion. Further, we focused on different microalgae cultivation systems with an emphasis on their benefits and drawbacks. Then, a brief evaluation of the microalgae biorefinery technologies was done to generate renewable energy and high-value chemicals. Lastly, the challenges faced in integrated microalgal wastewater treatment processes were outlined for wide-scale applications on bioenergy production.

Proteases play a key role in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses. They modify viral polypeptides by proteolytic cleavage post translation. Proteases are the potential targets for the treatment of viral diseases. Since December 2019, the world has observed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 that resulted in Covid-19 pandemic and brought the world to a stand-still. It exposed the limitations of medical facilities and medicines to treat Covid-19. The search for vaccines and drugs against SARS-CoV-2 became the major task of the scientific community. The thrust area of research was the search for an inhibitor of protease Mpro (also known as the main protease) of SARS-CoV-2. The search for new molecules and their in vitro trials is time consuming. Therefore, the in silico approaches such as structure and ligand-based virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics were extensively used to search for the promising inhibitor of Mpro from the existing library of natural molecules. The present review summarizes the potential inhibitors of Mpro from the natural sources such as plants, metabolites from microorganisms including marine algae.

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common type of gynecological cancer in women.CC is the fourth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-induced mortality among women globally. Cervicovaginal microbiota (CVM) is a complex microbial population and a key role player in female reproductive health. The composition of CVM is decided by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A healthy CVM is mainly dominated by Lactobacillus species and helps to maintain vaginal eubiosis. Alterations in the CVM may be a risk factor for cervical carcinogenic progression. Many in vitro and in vivo studies proved the impact of a healthy CVM and reduced incidences of HPV-associated infections and cervical malignancies attributed to HPV infection. This book chapter summarized the preventive role of a healthy CVM in HPV infection and HPV-induced cervical malignancy and the consequences of a disturbance in its optimum composition.

Environmental pollution by lead is an old, still unsolved health issue, calling for advanced remediation strategies. Here, we review lead toxicity, lead bioremediation with bacteria, and topics such as efflux, biosorption, exopolysaccharide, bioprecipitation, biomineralization, bioaccumulation and sequestration. Bacteria tune their response at the molecular level by expressing specific genes and proteins to combat lead toxicity. Biosorption and bioprecipitation can be used successfully to clean polluted environments. Bacterial bioremediation can be combined with phytoremediation for more effective bioremediation. Bacterial lead bioremediation is limited by environmental conditions, nutrients availability and the presence of other pollutants bacterial growth.

The Internet of Things has a vision of the internet permeating every aspect of our daily lives, with internet-enabled items playing a prominent role. The IoT makes it possible for things to be sensed or controlled remotely, using existing network infrastructure, resulting in increased efficiency, accuracy, and economic gain in addition to decreased human involvement. There are a wide variety of possible uses for this technology, including Solar cities, Smart villages, Microgrids, and Solar street lighting. As This time period was the most successful in history for renewable energy, with the growth rate being much higher than before. The method mentioned here talks about displaying the energy consumption of solar power on the internet as a renewable energy. The surveillance of this location is performed using a raspberry pi utilising Flask framework. Daily use of renewable energy is tracked via Smart Monitoring This makes it easier for the user to understand how much energy they are using. Renewable energy use and power problems are both affected by analysis.

In order to optimise the corporate HR information system, IoT first-off technology is used, together with the system demand phase, with edge control in mind. initially, the hardware and software system are set up, and only then the communication models between the edge layer of the system and other parties are created edge layer, and the business type-driven connection selection method are considered. To ensure communication reliability across various levels of the system, northbound multilink switching algorithms are created and implemented, accordingly. After implementing the functions described above, the edge control system may be implemented. Ensure IoT applications satisfy intelligence, expandability, and security needs. due diligence and due diligence are required The campaign was aimed primarily at the enterprise, with the goal of defining the functional and performance requirements of the product. Ensuring the fundamental logical structure in the system design phase; in the system architecture design phase, the other features of the system architecture Realization of design is accomplished. a set of system module functions exists planned down to the last detail. Pay and benefits management are only two aspects of the whole management function. Employee personnel change is one of the e system's modules. Payroll, benefits, and personnel administration are referred to as department management. Human resource management is a process system modules go through; as far as system implementation is concerned, system coding occurs. In addition, development tool and software development methodology support the creation of pages. The system has finally been realised the system design goals are set up to mimic the business's real needs, which are then put to the test.

A new species of Parvixerocomus, P. matheranensis belonging to Boletoideae of Boletaceae is described and illustrated from tropical region of Maharashtra, India. P. matheranensis is morphologically distinguished by small basidiomes having ruby red pileus with concolorous stipe, yellow hymenophore that stains blue to blackish blue on bruising, elongate ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores with inconspicuous suprahilar depression, ventricose to clavate cheilocystidia, ventricose to lageniform pleurocystidia. Further, extensive phylogenetic analyses based on five gene markers (nrITS, nrLSU, rpb1, rpb2, tef1-α) confirmed that P. matheranensis is distinct from its closest taxa P. aokii and P. pseudoaokii and also from other members of Boletoideae.

Lactic acid bacteria are normal inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Their occurrence in infant and adult feces is abundant. The current study assesses and compares the antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria isolated from healthy human adult and healthy infant fecal samples. A total of 255 lactic acid bacteria isolates (126 from adult feces and 129 from infant feces) were isolated and characterized from 60 fecal samples. Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were included in the study. The study was done using the WHONET software for the analysis of antibiotic susceptibility data of lactic acid bacteria. Most of the Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Enterococcus strains showed resistance against vancomycin. Ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime resistance were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Lactobacillus strains isolated from adult fecal samples than those isolated from infant fecal samples. A similar pattern was observed in Enterococcus strains with erythromycin, gentamycin and tobramycin resistance. Pediococcal isolates from adult feces showed significantly higher resistance against tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, cefotaxime and cefuroxime in comparison with infant fecal isolates. Antibiotic resistance was exhibited by lactic acid bacteria against most commonly used antibiotics and it was higher in strains isolated from adult fecal samples than in the strains isolated from infant fecal samples. The increasing trend in antibiotic resistance from infant to adult might be due to food habits and antibiotic intakes. Thus, the widespread antibiotic resistance in different lactic acid bacteriamay pose a food safety concern as well.