Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College

Palladium wrapped ZnO nanocomposites synthesis through carrageenan were made as bimetallic nanocomposites (C-Zn/Pd-Np) and their antibacterial and anticancer efficacy were assessed under in vitro condition. Further, they were physico-chemically characterized. The metal complex was subjected to characterization by a range of physico-chemical techniques, encompassing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, the bimetallic nanocomposites exhibit a higher degree of crystallinity. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was assessed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli as test organisms. The outcomes demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy against all of the investigated pathogens. The antiproliferative effectiveness of the nanocomposites against A549 cancer cell types are significantly enhanced with an increased concentration. It also resulted in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and necrosis found in bimetallic nanocomposites treated cells. In conclusion, (C-Zn/Pd-Np) has notable antibacterial action and is effective against at inhibiting the growth of lung cancer cells. According to this present study, C-Zn/Pd-Np may be useful for the effective clinical management of Human pathogens and lung cancer cells. Graphical Abstract

This study looks into how supply chain management's logistics services perform when real-time data visibility is available. The requirement for timely and reliable information has grown in importance due to the rising complexity and globalization of supply networks. This paper investigates the effects of real-time data visibility on inventory management, transportation logistics, and order fulfillment through an extensive examination of the literature and empirical analysis. The research design used for the study is Descriptive Research and Analytical Research designs. The sample size of 150 respondents is collected in Tirupur district. The Statistical tools used in the study is ANOVA. Results indicate that companies using advanced data visibility solutions save money, have more satisfied customers, and operate more efficiently. The report also emphasizes how crucial it is to make strategic investments in data visibility solutions if you want to stay competitive in the fast-paced corporate world of today. Future research prospects and their implications for management practice are also covered. Keywords: Logistics services, Real-time data visibility, Tirupur district

Presently, there are several challenges that need to be overcome in the development of treatments that can effectively inhibit tumor growth, prevent the spread of tumor metastases, and protect the host against recurrence. Accordingly, a powerful synergistic immunotherapy method was developed to achieve the treatment of cancer. Herein, we established an improvement in the nanoengineering of gold nanorod (GNR)-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) with theranostic indocyanine green (ICG), which also produced heat for effective PTT under near-infrared (NIR) light. Furthermore, co-encapsulated resiquimod (R848) induced the activation of an immune response against the tumor. In addition, a nuclear-targeted transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide conjugated with FA-functionalized GNRs was produced for intranuclear tumor-targeted in vivo photothermal therapeutic efficacy, inducing DAMPs for immunogenic cell death (ICD). Post-PTT release of R848-activated TLR7/8 is essential for the development of a potent antitumor immune response by increasing the number of T cells, which recognize and kill tumors. Thus, this integrated immunotherapy method can be utilized for both the diagnosis and treatment of tumor recurrence, providing novel opportunities for both basic and clinical research. Collectively, our findings suggest that nanotechnology may be a useful technique for improving the efficacy of vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are gaining popularity due to their expanding uses in industrial and technical processes, such as geothermal reservoirs, water and air filters, coatings, solar collection, ceramic material reinforcement, electrostatic dissipation, etc. In addition, the CNTs have superior electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. Based on the aforementioned applications, the current work examines the time-dependent and Darcy–Forchheimer flow of water/glycerin-based Casson hybrid nanofluid formed by single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs over a Riga plate under velocity slip. The energy expression is modeled through nonlinear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation impacts. The incorporation of convective boundary condition into the current model improves its realism. By employing suitable variables, the governing models are re-framed into ordinary differential equations. The bvp4c and the homotopy analysis method are used to find the computational results of the re-framed equations and boundary conditions. The novel characteristics of a variety of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient (SFC), and local Nusselt number (LNN) are discussed via graphs, charts, and tables. It is found that the fluid velocity decays when enriching the Forchheimer number, unsteady and porosity parameters. The radiation parameter plays an opposite role in convective heating and cooling cases. The modified Hartmann number enhances the surface drag force, and the Forchheimer number declines the SFC. The unsteady parameter develops the heat transfer rate, and the Forchheimer number suppresses the LNN. The simulated flow problem has many applications in engineering sectors, including ceramic manufacture, heating and cooling systems, energy storage units, thermodynamic processes, and other fields.

The development of polymeric biomaterials as drug delivery vehicles has now become vital to control the growth of cancerous cells and microbial infections during and after chemotherapy. Herein, the article reports the fabrication of polycaprolactone-gelatin blend membranes along with hydroxymethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol for the eradication of cancer cells and microbial strains together through controlled delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5Fu) drug. The chemical interactions, crosslinking and the structural establishment of the polymer blends were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. The surface nature and its porosity responsible for drug diffusion from the membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Surface and bulk hydrophilicity of the membranes were tested by contact angle measurements and swelling behavior which showed hydrophilic nature by the addition of natural and hydrophilic polymers. Tensile strength of the membranes was identified by mechanical property studies and the results were found challenging. Nearly, 95% of the 5Fu drug has been successfully loaded to the membranes and the drug has been diffused in a controlled manner. Cytotoxicity results reveal that the membranes exhibited cell viability of 80% against fibroblast cell line (L929) and the anticancer activity resulted with ~ 74% against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). The membranes followed zero-order drug release kinetics and obeyed Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. In addition, the membranes showed excellent growth resistance property against the selected bacterial and fungal strains. Compared to the bare membrane, the blend membranes showed faster degradation with > 75%. In a nut shell, the obtained results clearly reveal that the fabricated membranes would be a potent drug delivery vehicle for the treatment of breast cancer cells and post-surgical microbial infections.

The development of highly efficient electrocatalytic sensors is necessary for detection in various paramedical and industrial applications. Motivated by this concept, we demonstrate flower-like Ag/SrFeO3 nanostructures prepared by a facile route to modify electrocatalyst material for the detection of caffeic acid (CA). The surface morphology, phase structure, particle size, and pore volume were investigated through different physicochemical analytical techniques. The cyclic voltammetry technique was employed to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of both glassy carbon and modified Ag/SrFeO3 electrodes toward CA. The study revealed that the modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity toward CA compared to the reported values, with a wide linear range of 1–15 nM, a detection limit of 23 nM, good stability, and excellent repeatability. The superior results are attributed to numerous factors such as rapid electron transfer ability, tunable texture, high surface area, and good conductivity. The created Ag/SrFeO3 nanostructure-based electrochemical biosensor is a potential candidate for real-time analytical performance to directly detect CA in commercially available coffee and green tea without any pre-treatment.

In biomaterials research, natural and hydrophilic polymers received considerable attention for their exceptional properties viz. biocompatibility, profound cell attachment, non-toxicity, biodegradation rate, etc. In the state of the art, xanthan gum, hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol were blended with synthetic polycaprolactone for the fabrication of polymeric membranes to study the change in physico-chemical and biological property in eradicating the cancerous cells and growth inhibition of microbial strains through drug delivery. The hydrogen bonding interactions and crosslinking bond formation were clearly observed from spectral lines. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed the surface features like porosity and chemical composition, and an increasing trend in surface wettability (92 to 30.1°) was observed through contact angle measurements and the mechanical properties were also tested for the prepared membranes. A higher drug loading capacity (> 90%) was achieved and the same amount was successfully released from the membrane in a controlled manner. It was further confirmed by the zero-order kinetics with diffusion controlled release mechanism found by Higuchi model. The prepared membranes showed more than 70% of anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line and exhibited moderate (15–55%) cytotoxic effects against normal fibroblast cell line. The growth of selected bacterial and fungal strains was well controlled by the membranes. Finally, the rate of degradation was successfully studied for a period of more than one and half a year. In a nut shell, the obtained results clearly revealed that the prepared membranes may find a suitable position in the class of biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering implants.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a noninvasive and effective thermal therapeutic approach. Near-infrared (NIR) light responsive organic nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to enhance the efficacy of cancer PTT. However, photothermal ablation induced NPs are currently more effective in treating primary and metastatic cancer. Herein, we designed a NIR light responsive theranostic nanosystem that combines PTT with immunotherapy. The caffeic acid doped polyaniline NPs (CA-PANi) were explored for their potential as PTT agents and their ability to mediate immunogenic cell death (ICD). The nano-theranostic agent of CA-PANi functionalized with the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide plays a functional role in targeting integrin receptor overexpressed cancer cells. Furthermore, to enhance the immune response in the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (iTME), imiquimod (R837) a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist that can promote dendritic cell (DC) maturation greatly inhibits tumor growth and tumor recurrence by initiating a strong antitumor immune response. Therefore, combination of PTT and immunotherapy involving CA-PANi-R837-RGD (denoted as CPRR) to improve the therapeutic effect will provide a nanovaccine strategy for targeted antitumor therapy.

Interest in the thermal effects of nanofluid (NF) has increased recently due to the use of nanocomposites to magnify the thermal conductivity of conventional liquids and so boost the heat transit phenomena. Based on this fundamental concept, the current study inspects the thermal advanced third-grade fluid flow with nanocomposites with an extended surface and the inclusion of stratification, non-Fourier heat flux, mass flux, and radiation. Buongiorno’s NF model is employed to observe the thermophoresis and Brownian motion properties. The gyrotactic microorganisms, which are connected to the bioconvection phenomenon that intrigues most, are also considered to be present in the nanoparticles. The governing models are composed of partial differential equations; thereafter, the relevant transformations are applied to these equations to convert the structure into an ordinary differential model. These resultant models are solved by implementing the homotopy analysis method. It is explained in detail how the pertinent parameters are affecting the motion, temperature of fluid, nanocomposite volume, dynamic microbe density, skin friction rates, local Nusselt, and local Sherwood numbers. Applications for the flow of nanoparticles carrying gyrotactic microorganisms include enzyme biosensors, microfluidic devices, microbial fuel cells, and biotechnology.

In this present work, Zeolites species of aluminosilicate framework was synthesized by sol–gel method with different ratio of Si/Al (1:1, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15).The prepared samples were studied by XRD, FTIR, TG/DTA, SEM, TEM,EDAX and SAED analysis. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the aluminosilicate have preferred orientation growth along (100) plane with mesoporous structure. The presence of major chemical compounds and network of Si–O–Si, Al–O–Al and Si–O–Al were identified by FTIR study. TG/DTA study shows high-thermal stability. SEM picture shows that highly powdery and heterogeneous.TEM analysis shows tiny tight mass of the active delaminated species gathered to form smooth surface. The SAED pattern reveals that platy structure and well-ordered in atomic scale. The gas sensitivity properties of aluminosilicate solid work in the ratio Al/Si = 1, 5, 10 and 15 as a function of operating temperature 30 °C for different ammonia concentrations from 100, 250 and 500 ppm. The ammonia gas-sensing analysis revealed that the Al/Si (10 ratio) showed higher gas response compared with other ratios. Al/Si = 10 exhibited the highest response of 30 when exposed to 500 ppm ammonia gas. The complex impedance of the aluminosilicate shows two distinguished semicircles and the diameter of the arcs got decreased in diameter as the increases the concentration of ammonia.

In presents of a magnetic field, an enclosure filled with ferro-particle suspended nanofluid is subjected to a numerical analysis to investigate natural convective heat transfer. At the center of the enclosure is a heat conducting and generating solid body, and the enclosure is influenced by four different thermal boundary conditions. To solve the governing equation, a Fortran algorithm based on the finite volume approach was created. The numerical approach used in this study produces consistent results for a variety of non-dimensional parameters like Rayleigh number (10 ⁴ ≤ Ra ≤ 10 ⁶ ), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), solid volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.2) and distributed wall temperature. Streamlines, isotherms, and the Nusselt number graph are used to describe the flow and heat transfer properties. Based on this study, It has been noted that improved heat transfer for lower Hartmann number with higher Rayleigh number particularly along sinusoidal wall. For the low Hartmann number, the fluid flow enhances for higher Rayleigh number. In particular, the presence of ferro-particle suspended nanofluid enhances the heat transfer rate. Moreover, this study has found that the inclusion of magnetic fields and nanoparticles can increase heat transfer by up to 60%. The suggested methods in this research can assist manufacturers improve efficiency without increasing heat generator space in industrial applications for cooling or heating.

Tis research communication intends to evaluate the impact of time-dependent MHD Darcy-Forchheimer fow of CNTs/Ag nanoparticles on a heated stretchy surface. Water is employed as a base fuid, and two types of CNTs such as single-and multiwall carbon nanotubes are considered. Te signifcance of nonlinear radiation and heat sink/source is added to our analysis. To accommodate the suitable variables, the governing nonlinear partial diferential models are transformed into a set of ordinary diferential models. Tese resulting models are solved analytically and numerically by utilizing the homotopy analysis technique and the bvp4c procedure in MATLAB. Te distinctive behavior of pertinent physical parameters on the dimensionless profles are displayed and discussed through diagrams, tables, and charts. It is discovered that the velocity profle decrepitude whenever there is a change in the unsteady, porosity, and injection/suction parameters. Te space and temperature-dependent heat sink/source parameter cause to elevate the thermal profle. Te Ag nanoparticles have a lesser surface shear stress compared to both CNTs. Te heat transfer gradient develops for larger quantities of radiation and temperature ratio parameters. Tis research has signifcant applications in many industrial sectors, such as thermal exchangers, chemical reactors, microelectronics, biomedical engineering, aerodynamics, and industrial production processes.

In general, the malicious hackers can infiltrate tens of thousands or millions of insecure computers, disable infrastructure, shut down networks, and access personal information. The hackers use some security vulnerabilities in the network to steal and use the required data. And things like the buck they do with advanced technologies are constantly providing them with the data they need, not just once and no matter how protective the firewalls on the Internet are, there is still an increase in cybercrime. This was affected the Quality of Service (QoS) of a wearable device. In this paper, an improved QoS model was proposed to enhance the IoT smart systems. This algorithm was helpful to prevent the smart IoT device from the vulnerable hacking. This system was compared with the existing algorithms, and the results are displayed the below sections. The suggested method performs more than 96 percent of input entry authentication and about 3 percent of password cracking actions. The source code security management was then upgraded to 99.9%. Finally, the number of updating difficulties for various device entries was decreased by 0.02 percent, and the number of privacy breaches was reduced by up to 0.32 percent. Hence, the proposed method was more secured and free from cyber security issues.

This work examines the non-Newtonian Cassonnanofluid's three-dimensional flow and heat and mass transmission properties over a Riga plate. The Buongiorno nanofluid model, which is included in the present model, includes thermo-migration and random movement of nanoparticles. It also took into account the Cattaneo-Christov double flux processes in the mass and heat equations. The non-Newtonian Casson fluid model and the boundary layer approximation are included in the modeling of nonlinear partial differential systems. The homotopy technique was used to analytically solve the system's governing equations. To examine the impact of dimensionless parameters on velocities, concentrations, temperatures, local Nusselt number, skin friction, and local Sherwood number, a parametric analysis was carried out. The velocity profile is augmented in this study as the size of the modified Hartmann number increases. The greater thermal radiative enhances the heat transport rate. When the mass relaxation parameter is used, the mass flux values start to decrease.

Synthesis of undoped and Aluminum (Al)—Tin (Sn) (2 & 4 wt%) co-doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles (NPs) is achieved by co-precipitation technique. PXRD pattern exposes the hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO NPs without any impurity. Optical bandgap was modified as 3.26, 3.28 and 3.30 eV respectively for undoped and 2 & 4 wt% of Al-Sn co-doped ZnO NPs. The light absorbance and bandgap position was improved by introducing the Al-Sn (2 & 4 wt%) as co-dopants. This can enhance the bandgap position of ZnO which reduces the energy barrier in the electron extraction. Also, impedes the interface recombination losses between ETL/perovskite. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of planar PSCs consequently increases. Notably, the sample Al-Sn (2 wt%) co-doped ZnO layer exhibited a better power conversion efficiency (6.23%), compared to other layers (pure ZnO is 3.29% and 4 wt. % of Al-Sn co-doped ZnO is 4.21%). Also, it improved the co-doped ETL-based planar perovskite solar cell device open current voltage and fill factor, respectively. The fabricated P-PSC device stability analysis were studied at 250 h under one sun irradiation. Overall, the co-doped ZnO ETL successfully adjusts the optical bandgap position and enhanced the electrical conductivity of ETL. The results provide an effective strategy for fabricating high-efficiency planar perovskite solar cells.

The main goal of the current research is to investigate the numerical computation of Ag/Al2O3 nanofluid over a Riga plate with injection/suction. The energy equation is formulated using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, non-linear thermal radiation, and heat sink/source. The leading equations are non-dimensionalized by employing the suitable transformations, and the numerical results are achieved by using the MATLAB bvp4c technique. The fluctuations of fluid flow and heat transfer on porosity, Forchheimer number, radiation, suction/injection, velocity slip, and nanoparticle volume fraction are investigated. Furthermore, the local skin friction coefficient (SFC), and local Nusselt number (LNN) are also addressed. Compared to previously reported studies, our computational results exactly coincided with the outcomes of the previous reports. We noticed that the Forchheimer number, suction/injection, slip, and nanoparticle volume fraction factors slow the velocity profile. We also noted that with improving rates of thermal radiation and convective heating, the heat transfer gradient decreases. The 40% presence of the Hartmann number leads to improved drag force by 14% and heat transfer gradient by 0.5%. The 20% presence of nanoparticle volume fraction leads to a decrement in heat transfer gradient for 21% of Ag nanoparticles and 18% of Al2O3 nanoparticles.

In the current world, IoT has started providing multiple services that exploit the computing power of numerous devices. IoT-based healthcare applications are observed as a benchmark development for diagnosing a disease. Synchronization of data collection and its monitoring becomes more accessible because of IoT. Most of the data collected will be vast and unstructured, and more chances are there for the presence of redundant data. Hence, a significant task arises to identify a unique way to perform mining in a massive dataset with the available computing resources. Various sensors are used to collect real-time data because detecting skin lesion images plays a significant role. This paper proposes IoT-based Kalman filtering and Particle Swarm Optimization to detect skin lesions more accurately. Particle swarm optimization is applied to detect skin lesions in an optimized manner with less time and modified Kalman filtering is used for classification. The proposed classifier is evaluated using the HAM10000 benchmark dataset, and standard metrics are utilized to assess the proposed classifier. It seems the suggested classifier outperforms the current classifier in terms of performance.