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Thalassiosira allenii is a potentially harmful marine diatom distributed along the Northern Aegean and Southern Black Sea coasts of Turkey. In order to better understand the effect of environmental factors on T. allenii, the effects of 6 different light intensities (6.5, 38.7, 77.5, 116.2, 15 and 193.7 mu mol/m(2)s (PAR)) and 4 different temperatur...
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... allenii was isolated from the surface sea water of the Inner part of Izmir Bay (Figure 1.) by using the dilution method under conditions presenting with a 11 ± 0.5°C temperature, 33% salinity, 24L:0D daylength, 38.7 mol/m 2 s light intensity, 40 watts day light fluores- cent and f/2 enrichment medium (Guillard, 1975 light intensities at 4, 11, 16, 20°C temperatures and the exponential phase was monitored. The measurements were estimated as the amount of Chl a by using the Turner Designs 10-AU Field Flou- meter (Brand and Guillard, 1981). ...
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... Summary of the suitable and optimal temperature for the growth of some harmful algae species: (a) Akashiwo sanguinea(Matsubara et al. 2007); (b) Amphidnium klebsii(Morton et al. 1992); (c) Gambierdiscus toxicus(Morton et al. 1992); (d) Cochlodinium polykrikoides(Kim et al. 2004); (e) Gyrodinium instriatum(Nagasoe et al. 2006); (f) Prorocentrum lima(Morton et al. 1992); (g) Paragymnodinium shiwhaense (Jeong et al. 2018); (h) Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Jensen and Moestrup 1997); (i) Karlodinium veneficum (Lin et al. 2018); (j) Alexandrium pohangense (Lim et al. 2019); (k) Karenia selliformis (Vellojin et al. 2023); (l) Asteroplanus karianus (Matsubara et al. 2022); (m) Asteroplanus karianus (Shikata et al. 2015); (n) Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Thorel et al. 2014); (o) Chaetoceros convolutes(Harrison et al. 1993); (p) Chaetoceros concavicornis(Harrison et al. 1993); (q) Thalassiosira allenii(Aydýn et al. 2009); (r) Coscinodiscus wailesii(Nishikawa and Yamaguchi 2008); and (s) Pseudo-nitzschia australis(Zhu et al. 2017). ...
Phytoplankton plays an essential role in the biogeochemical cycle because it is at the top of the food chain and is a source of oxygen. Eutrophication causes coastal areas to deteriorate as industrialization accelerates, leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs), severely affecting human and ecological health. The frequency and extent of HAB events potentially may increase due to climate change. HAB outbreaks have led to substantial losses for major coastal economies globally, and therefore have emerged as a critical research focus in environmental sciences. However, the lack of an overview of diverse factors influencing HABs complicates the cause identification and the effective countermeasure development for HAB occurrence, thereby impeding the formulation of targeted strategies for prediction and mitigation. Therefore, this review summarizes the influential factors affecting HABs in coastal areas, including water quality factors (nutrients, salinity, stratification, and biological factors) and climatological factors (temperature, pH and
, and irradiance and light). Recent work with several harmful algae species suggested that warmer temperatures combined with nutrient variation, stronger stratification, and ocean acidification may increase the growth of some toxic dinoflagellate species. Although the effects of factors vary for different species and locations, the intensification of anthropogenic activities and climate change likely will increase the frequency, outbreak scale, and severity of most coastal HABs. Because predicting HABs is crucial for understanding the factors and synergy affecting their growth and minimizing losses for decision makers and stakeholders, we reviewed models for predicting HABs, including process-based models, traditional statistical-empirical models, and data-driven machine learning models. Predicting HABs becomes more challenging as the spatial distribution of harmful algae is influenced by future climate patterns. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the various factors impacting HABs in coastal areas, serving as a valuable resource for decision makers and researchers to design targeted research and mitigation strategies.
... It requires rapid mass production of the algae, which needs a great understanding of their basic cultural requirements. Overall, Chaetoceros spp and Thalassiosira spp possess the largest distribution areas amongst the marine algae and thus are high potential for mass production and development into aquaculture feeds (Aydýn et al., 2009). However, there is still a scarcity of data on their development characteristics in different environments. ...
Microalgae are very important organisms as primary producers and have a wide range of applications in areas such as aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine, biofuels, and others. In this study, the effect of temperature and salinity on growth, biomass, proximate composition, and lipid production of Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) and Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) were investigated. The best growth rate (SGR) and highest biomass production were observed at 30°C and 30 ppt for C. calcitrans and at 30°C and 25 ppt for T. weissflogii. At these optimum temperature and salinity combinations, the maximum cell density was accomplished by day 12 for C. calcitrans (6.74 × 106 cells ml˗1) and by day 10 for T. weissflogii (3.45 × 106 cells ml˗1). The proximate composition during this period was 38.25 ± 0.99% protein, 16.96 ± 0.90% lipid, and 9.39 ± 0.59% carbohydrate in C. calcitrans, compared to 13.49 ± 0.28% protein, 10.43% ± 0.25% lipid and 16.49 ± 0.47% carbohydrate in T. weissflogii. Furthermore, over 35% of lipids in C. calcitrans were palmitic acid (C16), while in T. weissflogii, over 24% of lipids were myristic acid (C14). Although C. calcitrans exhibited higher lipid content than T. weissflogii, both species displayed higher levels of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFAs) fatty acids and low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The findings illustrated that under their optimum temperature and salinity combinations, both species might produce significant sources of lipids, which can be utilised in various activities such as aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine, biofuels and others.
... Phosphorus is found in major cell metabolites of microalgae and is crucial in microalgal development as it is used in many biochemical processes [58,59]. Microalgae, which can provide phosphorus directly from water, cause a pH increase in WW with the use of CO 2 through photosynthesis, allowing phosphate to precipitate in WW [60]. ...
Recent developments in the removal of pollutants from wastewater show that phycoremediation to wastewater treatment and reuse wastewater may provide sustainable biosolutions. This work investigated the performance of the green microalgae Golenkinia radiata Chodat 1984 (Chlorophyceae) in terms of N, P, and COD removal at different treatment stages of municipal wastewater, reusability of remediated wastewater and wastewater-based biomass production. Water samples were taken from different wastewater units (presettling basin effluent, active sludge basin effluent, and discharge channel) of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (İzmir, Turkey). In the 7-day experiments, Chl-a, Chl-b, DO, pH, and T (°C) were also measured alongside the pollutant analyses. The results in Chl-a (1803 ± 75.9 µg L−1) and biomass yield (7.66 ± 0.05 g L−1) in the primary effluent (P) were quite impressive. Additionally, the results showed that the correlation between the increase in Chl-a and the residual concentrations of pollutants was remarkable. NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P, and COD treatment efficiencies were in the ranges of (74.6–83.0%), (15.35–70.4%), (0.00–47.22%), (80.67–86.27%), and (77.22–87.53%), respectively. The final concentrations of pollutants (E) were found to comply with EU legislation. The results also reveal that green microalgae G. radiata may be a strong candidate for microalgae-based wastewater treatment.
... These are commonly responsible for massive fish mortality broadly reported in many parts of the world. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Haque et al. 29 claimed large-scale mortality of sea fish in September 1998 due to the bloom of D. caudata. They also discussed the occurrence and bloom of dinoflagellate with extensive fish mortality and the presence of potentially harmful species, such as Cucumeridinium coeruleum, Lingulodinium polyedra and Alexandrium catenella. ...
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) constitute a global problem, affecting aquatic ecosystems, human health, fisheries and local economies. The Bay of Bengal, along the Bangladesh coast, is exceedingly suffering from pollution or anthropogenic nutrification that influences frequently occurring HAB species. The progression of climate change and eutrophication invigorate HAB trends and responses that in turn affect the respective coastal livelihood and economic growth. Tripos spp., Dinophysis spp., Protoperidinium spp., Chaetoceros spp., and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. are the common bloom-forming HAB species in the coastal waters of Bangladesh. Despite having huge potentiality for regional and global perspectives, the coastal region of Bangladesh remains relatively unexplored compared to other regions in the context of HABs and their pernicious effects. As a result, harmful algal blooms and the accumulation of algal toxins may interrupt fisheries, aquaculture, aquatic ecosystems and public health in the country. Therefore, proper research on the biology and ecology of harmful algae, biotoxins and their relationship with environmental factors need to be adequately understood to minimize their adverse effects on the noted marine resources of the Bay. This review focused on an overview of the HAB related issues –causes of HABs, their occurrences and abundances, associated environmental factors and adverse effects in the coastal zone of Bangladesh.
... It has been documented that variation in salinity differs for different microalgae (Huang et al., 2011;Takagi et al., 2006;Balzano et al., 2011). In addition, temperature is another environmental factor that controls growth, chemical composition, and metabolic metabolism of microalgal species (Aydin et al., 2009;Javaheri et al., 2015;Adenan et al., 2013). ...
Microalgae play an important role in arsenic (As) bioaccumulation and biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems. Marine microalgal growth and As biotransformation processes depend on environmental factors, including salinity, temperature, and nutrient concentrations, and data in this regard are available in the literature. However, research on the integrated effects of environmental factors on marine diatom species remains scarce and unclear. Herein, salinity and temperature are both considered in combination to investigate their influence on As uptake, biotransformation, and photosynthetic efficiency (PE). Two strains of marine diatom species, Asteroplanus karianus and Skeletonema sp., were cultured in an f/2-based nutrient medium. Microalgae were cultured under various temperatures (5.0, 20, and 35 °C) and salinities (1.0‰, 10‰, 25‰, and 40‰) in association with As and phosphate-enriched (1.0 μmol L⁻¹ of As(V) + 10 μmol L⁻¹ of PO4³⁻) or deficient (20 nmol L⁻¹ of As(V) + 1.0 μmol L⁻¹ of PO4³⁻) conditions. For both species, maximum growth, As accumulation, biotransformation, and PE were recorded at 10 and 14 day of culture. Microalgal growth, As accumulation, biotransformation, and PE were maximum at 20 °C with salinities of 10‰ and 20‰. Cell shape was also observed to be good at optimal at this temperature (20 °C) and range of salinity (10‰ and 20‰). A conceptual model of integrated effects of environmental factors on growth and As accumulation and biotransformation activities by these marine microalgae has been proposed. This study contributed to the elucidation of the relationship between environmental factors and As biotransformation mechanisms, which may further provide significant insight about As remediation processes.
... The influence of temperature 25,[29][30][31][32] and salinity [33][34][35] and their combined effect 36,37 on the growth and development of marine diatoms have been studied in detail. However, limited information on the effect of temperature and salinity on As bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and speciation pattern, particularly by marine diatom species, is available. ...
Temperature and salinity effects on marine diatom species growth has been studied extensively; however, their effect on arsenic (As) biotransformation has been imprecise. This study reports the growth, and As biotransformation and speciation patterns at various temperatures and salinities of six marine diatom species: Asteroplanus karianus, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Nitzschia longissima, Skeletonema sp., Ditylum brightwellii, and Chaetoceros didymus. The growth rate and As biotransformation potentials of these species during three weeks of culture in f/2 based medium were significantly affected by wide temperature (0–35 °C) and salinity (0.3–50‰) ranges. Growth and As biotransformation were higher at optimum temperatures of 10–25 °C, and salinity of 10–35‰, whereas growth and arsenic biotransformation were lower at <5 °C and 5‰ and >25 °C and 35‰, respectively. The results showed that As(V) to As(III) biotransformation differed significantly (p < 0.05) between day 10 and 17. At optimum temperature and salinity levels, the cell size and As biotransformation were higher for all the species. A conceptual model on temperature and salinity effects on growth and As uptake and biotransformation mechanisms by these species has been proposed based on the findings of this study.
... Mikroalgler ise mikroskobik tek hücreli alglerdir. Mikroalgler, çoğunlukla ototrofik fotosentetik ökaryotlar olup, besin zincirinin ilk halkasını oluşturmaları dolayısıyla sucul ekosistemin en temel parçasıdır [1]. Karbon ve silisyum döngüsü açısından küresel karbon fotosentetik fiksasyonunun yaklaşık %20-25 ni ve küresel primer üretimin %40'ını sağladıkları [2][3] için de ekolojik önemi büyüktür [4]. ...
... Mikroalglerin arıtmada kullanılmalarının iki önemli nedeni vardır. Bunlardan birincisi: mikroalglerin fotosentezle oksijen üretme yetenekleri sayesinde çözünmüş oksijence fakir atıksu havuzlarının oksijenlenmesinde yardımcı olarak, biyosistemin ekolojisi bakımından verdiği katkıdır [4] İkinci olarak; mikroalgler azot ve fosfatça zengin sularda hızla çoğalabilen [1] [19][20] ve bu özelliklerinden dolayı aşırı üreme olaylarında rol alabilen organizmalardır [1]. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı azot ve fosfatça kirli suların arıtılmasında kullanılmasının mümkün olduğu ve arıtma veriminin son derece yüksek olduğu çeşitli araştırmalarca ortaya konmuştur [4][28] [42][43][44]. ...
... Mikroalglerin arıtmada kullanılmalarının iki önemli nedeni vardır. Bunlardan birincisi: mikroalglerin fotosentezle oksijen üretme yetenekleri sayesinde çözünmüş oksijence fakir atıksu havuzlarının oksijenlenmesinde yardımcı olarak, biyosistemin ekolojisi bakımından verdiği katkıdır [4] İkinci olarak; mikroalgler azot ve fosfatça zengin sularda hızla çoğalabilen [1] [19][20] ve bu özelliklerinden dolayı aşırı üreme olaylarında rol alabilen organizmalardır [1]. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı azot ve fosfatça kirli suların arıtılmasında kullanılmasının mümkün olduğu ve arıtma veriminin son derece yüksek olduğu çeşitli araştırmalarca ortaya konmuştur [4][28] [42][43][44]. ...
To cite to this article: Aydin-Sisman G., "Mikroalg Teknolojisi ve Çevresel Kullanımı", Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 4(1): 81-92, (2019). Erişim linki (To link to this article): http://dergipark.gov.tr/humder/archive. --------------------------------------------------
Dünyamızda bu gün yaşanan en önemli sorunlardan ikisi kuşkusuz çevre kirliliği ve artan enerji ihtiyacıdır.Çevre dostu üretim, sürdürülebilir çevre ve sürdürülebilir yeşil ekonomi ülkelerin gündemini oluşturmaya başlamıştır.Mikroalglerin çevresel uygulamalarda kullanımı giderek artmakta ve mikroalg teknolojisi hızla gelişmektedir.Mikroalglerin su kirliliğini önlemede ve biyoenerjide kullanımı, gelecek için önemli bir ekolojik yatırım olarak gözükmektedir. Bu amaçla, hızla gelişmekte olan mikroalg teknolojisinin çevresel kullanımları veenerji ihtiyacını karşılamadaki potansiyelleri açıklanmıştır.
Two of the most important problems in our world today are undoubtedly environmental pollution and increasing energy demand. Eco-friendly production, sustainable environment and sustainable green economy have started to build the agenda of the countries. The use of microalgae in environmental applications is increasing and microalgae technology is developing rapidly. The use of microalgae in the prevention of water pollution and its use in bioenergy; it appears to be an important ecological investment for the future. For this purpose, the environmental uses of rapidly developing microalgae technology and their potential to meet the energy demands
are explained.
... Microalgae have many usage areas completely different from each other such as food, drug, cosmetics, environmental pollution monitoring material [7] treatment of contaminated water [2,[8][9] and bioenergy [10][11][12] The most important ecological importance of microalgae is that they are the most essential component of the aquatic ecosystem because they form the first ring of the food chain. [13,14] They can adapt to nutrient rich water and can multiply rapidly [15] It can play a role in over breeding and reproduce quickly in waters rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) [13,14] Thanks to these properties, it has long been known that it is possible to use it in the treatment of water contaminated with nitrogen and phosphorus. [13,14] They are quite successful in biological wastewater treatment, in accumulating of substances such as organic and inorganic toxic substances, nutrients, heavy metals and pesticides by intra/extra-cellularly [8,[16][17][18][19]. ...
... Parameters such as light, temperature, nutrients, and the density of microalgae at the beginning are among the major factors that affect/restrict the growth of microalgae [13][14][15]. In order for species to develop under optimum growth conditions, its culture is being done under saturated conditions. ...
In this study, the use of non-sterile textile wastewater as a potential source for culture of green microalgae Golenkinia radiata (Chodat, 1894) and effects of the wastewater on the growth rate the microalgae was researched. The textile wastewater were added to the pre-prepared microalgae culture in obtained from four different units of the treatment plant. The trials were carried out with textile wastewater that were taken from raw wastewater (CE), equalization tank effluent (SE), active sludge effluent (ASE) and the effluent (E). BG11 medium was used as the control group (C). Trials were performed in 1 L bottles, and three replicates in a batch culture system for both sterile and non-sterile wastewater samples. The growth of the species was measured as Chl a and Chl b (mg/l) biomass and specific growth rates were calculated based on chlorophyll by monitoring the exponential growth phase. The highest specific growth rate was obtained from the SE (S) trial with 1.23 ± 0.83 day-1. According to the results obtained, G radiata species was not affected by changing in T, DO and pH and showed tolerance to variable conditions. Consequently, G radiata species may have the potential to be use both in bioremediation of textile wastewater, and as a biomass wastewater-fed in order to obtain biofuel in the future.
... Microalgae have many usage areas completely different from each other such as food, drug, cosmetics, environmental pollution monitoring material [7] treatment of contaminated water [2,[8][9] and bioenergy [10][11][12] The most important ecological importance of microalgae is that they are the most essential component of the aquatic ecosystem because they form the first ring of the food chain. [13,14] They can adapt to nutrient rich water and can multiply rapidly [15] It can play a role in over breeding and reproduce quickly in waters rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) [13,14] Thanks to these properties, it has long been known that it is possible to use it in the treatment of water contaminated with nitrogen and phosphorus. [13,14] They are quite successful in biological wastewater treatment, in accumulating of substances such as organic and inorganic toxic substances, nutrients, heavy metals and pesticides by intra/extra-cellularly [8,[16][17][18][19]. ...
... Parameters such as light, temperature, nutrients, and the density of microalgae at the beginning are among the major factors that affect/restrict the growth of microalgae [13][14][15]. In order for species to develop under optimum growth conditions, its culture is being done under saturated conditions. ...
In this study, the use of non-sterile textile wastewater as a potential source for culture of green microalgae Golenkinia radiata (Chodat, 1894) and effects of the wastewater on the growth rate the microalgae was researched. The textile wastewater were added to the pre-prepared microalgae culture in obtained from four different units of the treatment plant. The trials were carried out with textile wastewater that were taken from raw wastewater (CE), equalization tank effluent (SE), active sludge effluent (ASE) and the effluent (E). BG11 medium was used as the control group (C). Trials were performed in 1 L bottles, and three replicates in a batch culture system for both sterile and non-sterile wastewater samples. The growth of the species was measured as Chl a and Chl b (mg/l) biomass and specific growth rates were calculated based on chlorophyll by monitoring the exponential growth phase. The highest specific growth rate was obtained from the SE (S) trial with 1.23 ± 0.83 day-1. According to the results obtained, G radiata species was not affected by changing in T, DO and pH and showed tolerance to variable conditions. Consequently, G radiata species may have the potential to be use both in bioremediation of textile wastewater, and as a biomass wastewater-fed in order to obtain biofuel in the future.
... Microalgae can develop various strategies to handle the presence of elevated environmental conditions [2,3]. They are can play a role in over breeding and reproduce quickly in waters rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) [4][5][6]. In addition, microalgae are effective in removing heavy metals and C, N, and P compounds which can be found at a high rate in water even at extreme medium with high adaptation capability [5][6][7][8]. ...
... They are can play a role in over breeding and reproduce quickly in waters rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) [4][5][6]. In addition, microalgae are effective in removing heavy metals and C, N, and P compounds which can be found at a high rate in water even at extreme medium with high adaptation capability [5][6][7][8]. ...
Industrial sectors which huge amount of clean water is used in the world and a large part of the process water is discharged in the form of waste water. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usability of the mixed wastewater including dairy, textile and domestic sources in microalgae biomass. For this reason, the mixed wastewater used in this study was taken from two different points of the treatment plant (activated sludge effluent, discharge effluent) of the plant. The experiments were carried out in a batch culture system, in 5 L bottles triplicates. Diatom Nitzschia umbonata (Ehrenberg Lange-Bertalot, 1978) were used. Chlorophyll-a and b-based microalgae growth and changes in specific growth rates were investigated. According to the results obtained, the microalgae species were adapted well to the mixed wastewater and reached the highest growth rate at the trial of effluent water. Chl-a based growth rates of N. umbonata species (1, 66 ± 1, 09 days-1) were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). As a result, it has been shown that N. umbonata may be used in mixed wastewaters bioremediation processes. Besides, it has been shown that mixed wastewater can be used to obtain microalgae biomass. This result is very important for sustainable environment and sustainable resource management.
