wAteR metAbolism (osmoRegulAtion) versus sodium metAbolism (volume RegulAtion)

wAteR metAbolism (osmoRegulAtion) versus sodium metAbolism (volume RegulAtion)

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Hiponatremia é o distúrbio hidroeletrolítico mais comum em pacientes hospitalizados. A presença de hiponatremia está associada a uma série de desfechos desfavoráveis, tais como: necessidade de internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva, hospitalização prolongada e de maior custo, transferência para abrigos e mortalidade. Ainda não está clar...

Contexts in source publication

Context 1
... the presence of hypoosmolality, antidiuretic hormone secretion (AdH) is suppressed. Without AdH, collecting ducts are impermeable to water, resulting in the excretion of a great quantity of dilute urine and elimination of excess water (Table 2). ...
Context 2
... This allows the reabsorption of water towards the medullary interstium following an osmotic gradient and, consequently, the generation of a concentrated urine. AdH is typically secreted in response to water deficit and hyperosmolality (Table 2), to retain the ingested water and correct this deficit. However, there are other stimuli for its secretion. ...

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Citations

Article
The author presents the evolution of higher education in Angola, since its implementation in 1962 until the present, with 140,000 students at the graduate level. The network of higher education institutions counts now 17 universities (10 of which are private), 19 colleges (including 12 private) and two autonomous schools (both state). The question that the author presents is: how this growth was accompanied by the corresponding attention to the quality of higher education? The answer to this question is negative, because there are several indicators that point to the promotion of mediocrity and lack of concern with scientific research, beyond the possibility of obtaining diplomas without the necessary academic and professional competence. But the problem comes from lower levels of education.