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LTE or the Long Term Evolution is the biggest jump on the evolution path from 3G towards 4G, whereby data rates are 10x those of 3G using an all packet network. LTE-advanced is a 4G recognized mobile technology satisfying the IMT-Advanced of the ITU, which will provide peak data rates in the order of 1 Gbps on the downlink and 500 Mbps on the uplin...
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... the other hand, the utilization of the cell is getting better when high bit rate is gained. Of course, this higher bit rate can be achieved only in zone one where the bandwidth of the cell is high; this situation can be seen in Figure 4. Looking at Figure 5, one can notice that the average bit rate of the cell is high when the load is small and getting worse when the load is high. ...
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This paper investigates different methods of mobile technology. As a result of the wide use of mobile and rapid deployment of wireless networks, we made a comparison between all cellular generations such as 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G. And we got on the differences between each generation from the other. This rapid progress in wireless networks it grew f...
Abstract: In the recent decades, wireless communication system development has been changing enormously. The Wireless application services are increasing quickly and the service provider is very hard to manage the user requested services. As per the Ericson mobility report on 2016 utters in 2021, the worldwide mobile subscriptions will accomplish 9...
This paper investigates different methods of mobile technology. As a result of the wide use of mobile and rapid deployment of wireless networks, we made a comparison between all cellular generations such as 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G. And we got on the differences between each generation from the other. This rapid progress in wireless networks it grew f...
Citations
... Wireless broadband access technology can provide end-users with diverse services through multiple technologies, while maintaining a better performance and quality of service of the network. On the other hand, the core objective is to offer an interoperability solution that includes a deployment of different technologies to accomplish the enhanced performance of the network, so that the end-user can enjoy the service at any time and anywhere [24,25]. By suggesting the LTE/Wi-Fi interoperability model and incorporating different technologies, shared characteristics are achieved for the benefit of end-users in diverse non-line-of-sight environments. ...
... The old and new versions of MOSEL are frequently used by the group members and other researchers in the performance evaluation and modeling of queueing networks and the new generation of wireless mobile networks (i.e., 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G). Recently, MOSEL-2 was used to model 4G and 5G mobile networks [6,24,25,[30][31][32]. Figure 3 explains the steps of the model solution by MOSEL-2, considering that MOSEL-2 is only operational via the Linux operating system. For more information about the license and installation procedure, please see [1]. ...
In wireless communications, the fundamental challenge facing mobile operators nowadays is the scarcity of the spectrum and the license fees. Because of the increased traffic, critical performance analysis becomes important to overcome such issues. To tackle these issues and improve the network performance and capacity, a coexistence model of LTE and Wi-Fi with two virtual zones is suggested. The inner zone is the secondary zone, which represents Wi-Fi with an unlicensed spectrum to serve the best effort user data and the outer zone is the primary zone, which represents LTE with licensed spectrum to serve all data connections. The numerical solution of the model is presented using MOSEL-2 simulation and the mathematical solution is derived to validate the model. A threshold minimum bit rate established the user admission. Based on a priority level of the service, most of the traffic is served by the primary LTE zone, however, low priority traffic is moved from the primary LTE zone to the secondary Wi-Fi zone so that the traffic of the entire network is balanced. Although this coexistence sometimes harms LTE performance, the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model in balancing the load over the network, and, consequently, the network performance is improved.
... Broadband access can be provided in different technologies with different types of services. However, the main task here is the ability to provide an interoperability model that allows the best deployment scenarios to be adopted by mobile operators to achieve better performance of the network and provide the best connectivity for the end-user anytime anywhere [22] [23]. In our research work, LTE/Wi-Fi interoperability model is suggested. ...
... According to [22], three types of services are proposed in the analysis: ...
... Several applications of MOSEL language (the first version) and the updated MOSEL-2 version with new features are found in the literature for performance modeling and evaluation of queueing networks, modeling and evaluation of 2G and 3G networks. Lately, MOSEL-2 is used in modeling and evaluation of 4G networks [22] [23] and 5G networks [20]. Fig. 3 shows the modeling and evaluation steps of MOSEL-2. ...
The major concern of mobile operators is to
improve the performance of the network by maximizing the
capacity while maintaining proper utilization of the traffic in the
network. Consequently, performance evaluation of the new
generation of wireless mobile networks is a serious issue to be
considered in future research in the uplink as well as in the
downlink to meet the continuous demand for higher data rate,
better utilization of network resources. For this purpose, an
interoperability-integrated model in the downlink for both LTE
and Wi-Fi technologies is proposed. Two virtual zones are
assumed; a micro Wi-Fi free-unlicensed spectrum is in the inner
zone, surrounded by a macro LTE licensed spectrum in the outer
zone. The primary user data connections are served by the LTE
outer zone, whereas the best-effort user data connections are
served by Wi-Fi inner zone. Given an assumed maximum capacity
of the whole cell, the call admission control algorithm is based on
a minimum bit rate that should be satisfied by the request to be
admitted to the cell. Besides, based on the type of service, a priority
level is given to each service. The LTE zone serves higher priority
requests, however, lower priority requests are forwarded by the
LTE zone to be served by the Wi-Fi inner zone; hence, the balance
of the traffic over the whole network will be achieved. The
simulation results show that the proposed model of coexistence
hurts LTE performance, however, the integration between both
technologies has an advantage on the overall cell performance by
maximizing the capacity network. Hence, the traffic is distributed
between both technologies, and therefore, the load will be balanced
all over the whole network.
... The given numerical results show that the frequency and the distribution have a major effect on the performance. For the sake of comparison, the same parameters in [10] are used in this analysis and some results are compared in the numerical results section to show how the suggested model did improve the performance of 5G cell in the downlink compared to LTE model. ...
... After solving the model numerically using MOSEL-2 language, the obtained results are used to prepare the figures (Figs. 3, 4, 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16) using the intermediate graphical language package called IGL which is already installed with MOSEL-2 package. There are two groups of results in this section. ...
... There are two groups of results in this section. The first group of results (Figs. 3, 4, 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12) is to show 5G performance and the second group of results (Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16) is to compare 5G performance with LTE performance under the same simulation parameters and conditions. Figure 3 shows the aggregate average bit rate in all three zones. ...
5G new radio millimeter wave (5G NR mmWave) is the upcoming technology with a new interface which is developed to be an extension to the existing 4G technology. The main target for 5G is to have a wide range of services with the high data rate, high coverage, reduced delay, reduced cost, high system capacity and multiple connectivity for users everywhere. In this paper, a performance study of 5G cell in the downlink is considered. The main idea of 5G is to provide high performance regarding throughput and spectral efficiency in the dense urban area which is not possible to be provided by a Wi-Fi network. Based on OFDM modulation, the 5G cell is divided into three virtual zones to study the performance of 5G in the inner zone compared to outer zones for licensed and unlicensed spectrum alike. Different performance indicators are considered in the analysis such as; loss probability, delay, throughput as well as aggregate average bit rate in different zones. The provided numerical results show that 5G performance is always better in the most inner zones (i.e. pico) compared to the outer zones (i.e. micro and macro) zones, consequently, the overall cell performance is also improved. Besides, 5G performance is compared with LTE performance under the same simulation parameters to show that 5G always provide a better performance, especially in the most inner zone.
... The given numerical results show that the frequency and the distribution have a major effect on the performance. For the sake of comparison, the same parameters in [10] are used in this analysis and some results are compared in the numerical results section to show how the suggested model did improve the performance of 5G cell in the downlink compared to LTE model. ...
... outer zones) when the load increases, we become close to the dense area zone where higher bandwidth ranges are needed for most services, hence, the average bit rate of the cell is decreased. In this research work and for the sake of comparison, the same simulation parameters used in [10] to evaluate the performance of LTE cell is used in this work in order to compare the performance of both technologies. In Fig. 13 the cell utilization is shown. ...
5G new radio (5G NR) is the upcoming technology with a new interface which is developed to be an extension to the existing 4G technology. The main target for 5G is to have a wide range of services with the high data rate, high coverage, re-duced delay, reduced cost, high system capacity and multiple connectivity for us-ers everywhere. In this paper, a performance study of 5G cell in the downlink is considered. The main idea of 5G is to provide high performance regarding throughput and spectral efficiency in the dense urban area which is not possible to be provided by a Wi-Fi network. Based on OFDM modulation, the 5G cell is divided into three virtual zones to study the performance of 5G in the inner zone compared to outer zones for licensed and unlicensed spectrum alike. Different performance indicators are considered in the analysis such as; loss probability, delay, throughput as well as aggregate average bit rate in different zones. The provided numerical results show that 5G performance is always better in the most inner zones (i.e. pico) compared to the outer zones (i.e. micro and macro) zones, consequently, the overall cell performance is also improved. Besides, 5G perfor-mance is compared with LTE performance under the same simulation parameters to show that 5G always provide a better performance, especially in the most inner zone.
