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trigeminal stimuli in the oral cavity. (a). thermoreceptors are expressed on nociceptors with specific temperature ranges and chemical stimuli for opening different channels. (B). three different nociceptors with respective receptor equipment (ano1 = anoctamin 1; asiC = acid-sensitive ion channel; tasK = acid-sensitive potassium channel; trek, traaK = thermomechanical potassium channel; trp = transient receptor potential aisle). readapted from schling (2021) with permission from springer nature, copyright 2021.
Source publication
Ginger has been widely used for different purposes, such as condiment, functional food, drugs, and cosmetics. Gingerols, the main pungent component in ginger, possess a variety of bioactivities. To fully understand the significance of gingerols in the food and pharmaceutical industry, this paper first recaps the composition and physiochemical prope...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cationic transmembrane proteins that are expressed in many tissues and can respond to various sensory stimuli ( Matsuyama et al. 2021). Based on sequence homology, the mammalian TRP channel superfamily is divided into six subfamilies (Figure 3 ...
Citations
... The extraction techniques employed for capsaicin from Red Jalapeno red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using UAE had a capsaicin yield of 781.42 lg g À1 dry weight (Civan & Kumcuoglu (2019). In addition, SFE is an innovative extraction technology that uses fluid phase between gas and liquid to affect the dissolution of solutes (Gao et al., 2024). Capsaicin is characterised by good solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide, so extraction process demonstrates rapidity and requires minimal or no involvement of organic solvents, or only a negligible quantity of solvent. ...
... Particularly among younger demographics, the adoption of high-fat diets escalates the susceptibility to obesity, which in turn precipitates adipocyte hypertrophy and proliferation, thus serving as a prominent risk factor for the development of various metabolic disorders. Furthermore, obesity can enhance the risk of cardiovascular diseases, imposing detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system (Gao et al., 2024). As a natural compound with hypolipidemic activity, capsaicin has a unique antiobesity effect. ...
Capsaicin is the main pungent compound in red pepper responsible for its dual attributes of culinary utility and bioactive efficacy. This review aims to systematically review the preparation methods, pungency, and bioactivities of capsaicin. Capsaicin can be extracted by maceration, microwave, near‐infrared extraction, supercritical fluid, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction methods. Also, it can be synthesised through chemical, biosynthetic, and in vitro cell methods. Capsaicin can elicit a pungent sensation via activation of TRPV1 receptor. Furthermore, it has been reported to display various bioactivities, such as hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, analgesic, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and intestinal health‐protecting activities via several signalling pathways. Overall, this review can provide a theoretical reference for understanding the preparation, pungent sensation, and bioactivities of capsaicin.
... Fresh ginger is the fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Ginger contains chemical compounds such as volatile oil, gingerol, flavonoids, and free amino acids (Tao et al., 2009;Baliga et al., 2011;Mao et al., 2019;Li et al., 2021), with antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and other pharmacological effects (Dugasani et al., 2010;Soltani et al., 2017;Nunes et al., 2020;Gao et al., 2024). Ginger, especially its active ingredients, namely, gingerol, 6-gingerol, and 6-shogaol, can inhibit 5-HT 3 receptors, substance P receptors, and choline receptors to exert an antiemetic effect (Abdel-Aziz et al., 2006;Kim et al., 2023). ...
Background
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most frequent and critical side effects due to chemotherapeutics. In China, Xiao-Ban-Xia-Tang (XBXT) has already been applied extensively to prevent and treat CINV. However, there is limited testimony on the effectiveness and safety of this purpose, and there was no correlative systematic review. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of XBXT in preventing and treating CINV.
Methods
The systematic search was conducted in eight databases to acquire randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that appraised the effect of XBXT in treating CINV. The vomiting and nausea relief efficiency, eating efficiency, quality of life, and adverse reactions were explored for efficacy assessment. Bias risk was rated by manipulating the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0 (RoB 2). The retrieved investigations were analyzed by utilizing ReviewManager 5.4 and Stata 17.0. The quality of evidence was evaluated adopting the GRADE tool.
Results
A total of 16 clinical RCTs of XBXT in the treatment of CINV were incorporated into the investigation, with a total of 1246 participants. The meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional antiemetic drugs, XBXT and antiemetics improved the vomiting relief efficiency (RR 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–1.46, p < 0.00001), nausea relief efficiency (N = 367, RR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09–1.38, p < 0.00001), and quality of life (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.14–1.65, p = 0.0009) and reduced the adverse events (N = 370, RR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29–0.96, p = 0.04). XBXT and DARAs raised eating efficiency compared with DARAs (N = 208, RR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07–1.57, p = 0.007). The data existed as statistically significant, and the publication bias was identified as relatively low from the funnel plot and trim and fill analysis. In addition, sensitivity analysis demonstrated robust outcomes. The quality of evidence for each outcome ranged from moderate to high.
Conclusion
There is some encouraging evidence that XBXT and antiemetics had better therapeutic effects and safety in treating CINV than antiemetic drugs alone. The quality assessment and low publication bias indicated that the overall criterion was scientific. Better research is required to verify the evidence designed with large-scale RCTs and rigorous methods.
Systematic Review Registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=281046 .
... Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a herbaceous plant that is commonly used as a spice around the globe (Gao et al., 2022). Zingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone), a major phytochemical compound in ginger extract (9.25%), has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-cancer activities (Amin et al., 2021;Elshopakey et al., 2022;Rashid et al., 2021;Wali et al., 2020). ...
... The superior growth performance of African catfish when supplemented with dietary PO can be explained by the activation of the fish's digestive enzymes, such as lipase, amylase, and protease. Proteinases are vital for digestion and amino acid absorption [59,60]. In summary, the PO diet is more suitable for promoting the growth performance of African catfish than other starch diets in this study. ...
This study evaluated the effects of potato, wheat, rice, and corn starch on growth performance, blood parameters, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative response, and gut microbiota of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. A control diet (a commercial fish diet) and four different starch (potato, PO; wheat, WH; corn, CO; rice, RC) formulations were fed to African catfish with average weight of 10.5g (n = 30) for eight weeks. The experiment was conducted in triplicates. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance of African catfish fed with potato starch (PO) was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Furthermore, this group recorded significant and lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to other groups. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in all tested hematological parameters and antioxidative response between the groups. Digestive enzyme activities in the fish intestines, including amylase, lipase, and protease, were significantly higher in African catfish fed with the PO diet. In addition, this group demonstrated substantially lower viscerosomatic index (VSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) than other groups, indicating that the fish has more meat on its body. The PO diet group also recorded significantly higher Akkermansia muciniphila, a good gut microbiota. Therefore, the PO diet potentially improves African catfish's growth performance and health status.
... Recently, many studies with some modifications revealed that plant extracts along with PGPR have been considered the utmost strategy for the management and control of diseases [17,18]. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) show antifungal activity against various microbes due to the presence of monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and its derivatives, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, which make it an interesting alternative to synthetic antimicrobials [19,20]. Recent studies have reported the antifungal activities of ginger extract and ginger essential oil against Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum falcatum respectively [21,22]. ...
Early blight (EB), caused by Alternaria solani, is a serious problem in tomato production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote plant growth and inhibit plant disease. The present study explored the bio-efficacy of synergistic effect of rhizobacterial isolates and ginger powder extract (GPE) against tomato EB disease, singly and in combination. Six fungal isolates from symptomatic tomato plants were identified as A. solani on the basis of morphological features i.e., horizontal septation (6.96 to 7.93 μm), vertical septation (1.50 to 2.22 μm), conidia length (174.2 to 187.6 μm), conidial width (14.09 to 16.52 μm), beak length (93.06 to 102.26 μm), and sporulation. Five of the twenty-three bacterial isolates recovered from tomato rhizosphere soil were nonpathogenic to tomato seedlings and were compatible with each other and with GPE. Out of five isolates tested individually, three isolates (St-149D, Hyd-13Z, and Gb-T23) showed maximum inhibition (56.3%, 48.3%, and 42.0% respectively) against mycelial growth of A. solani. Among combinations, St-149D + GPE had the highest mycelial growth inhibition (76.9%) over the untreated control. Bacterial strains molecularly characterized as Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus and were further tested in pot trials through seed bacterization for disease control. Seeds treated with bacterial consortia + GPE had the highest disease suppression percentage (78.1%), followed by St-149D + GPE (72.2%) and Hyd-13Z + GPE (67.5%). Maximum seed germination was obtained in the bacterial consortia + GPE (95.0 ± 2.04) followed by St-149D + GPE (92.5 ± 1.44) and Hyd-13Z + GPE (90.0 ± 2.04) over control (73.8 ± 2.39) and chemical control as standard treatment (90.0 ± 2). Ginger powder extracts also induce the activation of defence-related enzymes (TPC, PO, PPO, PAL, and CAT) activity in tomato plants. These were highly significant in the testing bacterial inoculants against A. solani infection in tomato crops.
... In particular, natural TRPV1 agonists such as capsaicin and resin toxin (RTX) have shown promising effects in delaying neuronal cell death [137]. Moreover, piperine from black pepper, eugenol from cloves, curcumin from horseradish and gingerol from ginger also have been shown to activate TRPV1 receptors [138,139]. Thus, exploring the role of natural TRPV1 agonists will expand our means of treating chronic diseases and developing new medicines to improve human health. ...
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a transmembrane and non-selective cation channel protein, which can be activated by various physical and chemical stimuli. Recent studies have shown the strong pathogenetic associations of TRPV1 with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), in particular Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) via regulating neuroinflammation. Therapeutic effects of TRPV1 agonists and antagonists on the treatment of AD and PD in animal models also are emerging. We here summarize the current understanding of TRPV1’s effects and its agonists and antagonists as a therapeutic means in neurodegenerative diseases, and highlight future treatment strategies using natural TRPV1 agonists. Developing new targets and applying natural products are becoming a promising direction in the treatment of chronic disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases.
... Nazmi and Ahmet [10] investigated the efects of convection and microwave drying methods from the perspectives of drying characteristics, color, rehydration, and microstructural properties of ginger, whose result showed that the rehydration rate of ginger was highest and the quality was optimal at 60°C. Gingerol in ginger spicy element, a nonvolatile pungent compound, is the most abundant bioactive substance in ginger, possessing signifcant nutritional and medicinal value [11,12]. ...
In order to study the effect of different drying methods on the quality of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Guizhou Province, the study comparatively analyzed the edible quality, functional components, and volatile flavor compounds of dried ginger. The results revealed that vacuum freeze-drying (VFD) was superior to vacuum microwave drying (WAD), hot air drying (HAD), and natural drying (ND) in terms of retaining ginger color change, rehydration rate, flavonoids, and ginger spicy element. The polyphenol retention in VFD ginger was second only to that in WAD ginger. A total of 86 volatile flavor compounds were detected in fresh ginger and all four drying samples. Ester and aldehyde compounds were identified as the main flavor components in dried ginger, with variations observed among the different drying methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the nearest neighbor algorithm successfully distinguished the ginger samples treated with different drying methods. The aroma activity value (OAV) was calculated based on the threshold, and 12 volatile flavor compounds with OAV ≥1 were identified as the key aroma components of ginger. The aroma profiles of ginger were generally similar across the four different drying methods, among which WAD ginger exhibited distinct flavor characteristics associated with drying. This study employed physicochemical properties, active components, and GC-IMS to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on ginger, providing valuable insights for the processing and flavor quality control of drying ginger.
... Ginger rhizomes include proteins, fibers, lecithin, fatty acids, glycerides, vitamins (A, C, and B3), and volatile contents (terpenes, oleoresin, zingiberol, zingiberene, zingerone, shogaol, and paradol, and shogoal) (Özcan, 2022). Besides, ginger rhizomes contain gingerol involved in the upregulation of food palatability and digestive enzymes secretion due to its attractive odor and taste (Gao et al., 2022;Lai et al., 2022). To the best of our knowledge, ginger has attracted the aquaculture industry's attention due to its immunostimulant, growth-promoting, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects (Abdelmagid et al., 2022). ...
... These differences are probably attributed to dietary ginger form (roots, leaves, essential oil, or extract), fish species, feeding duration, and supplementation dose. The enhancement of the growth performance can be explained by: (1) the activation of digestive enzymes in striped catfish by dietary ginger since it contains proteinase involved in the digestion and absorption of amino acids (Gao et al., 2022;Lai et al., 2022); (2) ginger has antibacterial potential that can eliminate the harmful microorganisms and relieve the negative impacts of their secretions on the intestines thereby result in efficient local intestinal digestion and absorption (Lai et al., 2022); (3) enhanced feed utilization and thereby high growth performance and weight gain. In this regard, the study showed improved PER and reduced FCR indicating efficient feed utilization by striped catfish fed dietary ginger. ...
... Dietary ginger contains zingiberene and terpene, known for their attractive smell and flavor (Özcan, 2022). Besides, ginger contains gingerol, which can enhance the palatability of feed and result in efficient feed utilization in fish intestines (Gao et al., 2022). The results also showed enhanced lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes in striped catfish fed dietary ginger. ...
... Other authors have reported that the content of this compound may vary according to the drying temperature and the extraction conditions [44]. The differences observed between the Y TGSC concentrations of the different samples analyzed could be explained by a series of factors such as the location of origin, harvest time, climate, soil type, variety, or drying and extraction method [45,46]. Finally, the data obtained in this research coincide with those presented by González et al., 2023 [21], where shogaols and gingerols were also extracted from ginger samples, but where ultrasound-assisted extraction instead of MAE was applied as the extraction technique. ...
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a plant recognized for its pungent taste and aromatic qualities, primarily derived from its underground rhizome. Apart from its widespread culinary applications, ginger is valued for its potential health benefits attributed to the presence of gingerols and shogaols. For this reason, this work proposes the development of a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method for the extraction of gingerols and shogaols present in ginger rhizomes. The influence of the extraction temperature (50–100 °C), the solvent composition (50–100% ethanol in water), and the sample-to-solvent ratio (0.3–0.7 g sample: 20 mL) on the extraction of these bioactive compounds has been studied. To this end, a Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) in combination with a response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied. The optimum conditions for the total extraction of gingerols and shogaols were: 87% ethanol in water, 100 °C, and 0.431 g of ginger sample in 20 mL solvent. The developed method required short extraction times (5 min) and demonstrated favorable levels of repeatability and intermediate precision (CV < 5%). Finally, the MAE method was successfully used for the extraction of gingerols and shogaols from a variety of ginger samples.
... According to some of those studies, they effectively prevent nausea [5,59], while some evidence suggests their potential capacity to fight the infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 [60][61][62]. Furthermore, these compounds exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities [49,63,64]. ...
The goal of this study is to optimize a UAE method for the extraction of the main bioactive compounds present in the ginger rhizome (gingerols and shogaols). Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) has a considerable content of bioactive compounds, in particular gingerols and shogaols, with interesting pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties, among others. The isolation of these compounds requires an efficient extraction process with short extraction times and the employment of specific non-toxic solvents for humans. In this work, the optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method for the extraction of the main pungent compounds in the ginger rhizome, i.e., gingerols and shogaols, has been carried out. For this purpose, a Box–Behnken design (BBD) has been used to optimize the experimental design through a response surface methodology (RSM). The percentage of ethanol in the extraction solvent, the temperature, the amplitude, and the cycle of the ultrasounds, as well as the sample-to-solvent ratio, were the variables to be studied. Thus, the percentage of ethanol in the extraction solvent was identified as the most influential factor. Once the compounds were extracted, the identification of gingerols and shogaols was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-ToF-MS), and the quantification by UHPLC coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) detector. Finally, the optimized UAE method required only 10 min of extraction time, presenting good repeatability and intermediate precision levels (
