Table 9 - uploaded by Nathalie Holvoet
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Within the context of the 2005 Paris Declaration (PD) and the 2008 Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) recipient countries have committed themselves to setting up transparent results-oriented reporting and assessment frameworks, while donors are expected to use these frameworks and to collaborate with recipients in order to strengthen recipient countries...
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Bangladesh is one of the first least developed countries (LDCs) to develop a long-term climate change strategy, the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP). Two funds were set up after developing the BCCSAP, one using government resources (BCCTF) and the other using donor resources (BCCRF). This paper uses the “building blocks”...
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... Do donors participate in joint sector reviews and/ or other working groups? [40,41,42]. As with civil society, the role of donors in the WoGM&ES was recognised. ...
Actors outside of government have a crucial role to play in building, strengthening and sustaining a country's system for monitoring and evaluation. Specifically, the role of parliament, civil society and donors can improve, in innovative ways, the operations of government monitoring and evaluation systems. For Zambia, these actors are key in the development process of the country and their role in making the public sector monitoring and evaluation system better becomes significant. This research study investigated the participation of parliament, civil society organisations and donors in strengthening Zambia's whole-of-government monitoring and evaluation system. It was found that although their role was recognised, it was rather weak and fragmented. There was generally lack of formalised arrangements pertaining to how these actors needed to engage government in strengthening the function of monitoring and evaluation across the public sector. While donors provided some notable financial and technical support, parliament and civil society had weaker evidence. Nonetheless, donor support was not flexible but fundamentally restricted to areas of their (donor) interest as opposed to national monitoring and evaluation priorities. In the midst of these positive and negative aspects regarding the role of non-state actors, the study has brought out salient insights which if addressed may help improve Zambia's whole-of-government monitoring and evaluation system. The research has established that going forward, the Government of Zambia will need to engage parliament, civil society and donors meaningfully if these actors were to help accelerate the development and strengthening of the country's system for monitoring and evaluation. Similarly, the non state actors are also challenged to design and implement their monitoring and evaluation activities alongside government priorities and plans.
... The emphasis on monitoring at the expense of evaluation is not a phenomenon which is unique to Uganda's education sector. A recent desk-based analysis of national M&E systems in 20 Sub-Saharan Africa countries demonstrates that the majority of the reviewed M&E systems have a similar bias towards monitoring (Holvoet et al., 2012). Within the context of a sequencing approach towards the setting-up of an M&E system, such a predominant focus on monitoring may be a logical first step. ...
While the world is not on track to reach the Education for All (EFA) goals aid to the education sector has been reduced. In a context of limited resources in which maximising student learning is a challenge, strengthening monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems is necessary, in order to make use of evidence and demonstrate results. This article argues in favour of an incremental approach to strengthening M&E systems that starts from what exists locally. In doing this, an essential first step is a diagnosis of the existing M&E system or arrangements that moves beyond technicalities and also focuses on the underlying institutional issues and the role of different stakeholders with different M&E needs. This article presents the findings from such a diagnostic exercise of Uganda's education sector M&E system. Our findings show that key elements of Uganda´s education sector M&E are already in place, though a number of challenges and weaknesses remain.
UV radiation is a factor affecting the distribution and physiology of photosynthetic organisms in an aquatic ecosystem. Studies with macroalgae indicate diverse biological disturbances in response to UV radiation. This work aimed to study sensitivity of the brown macroalga Sargassum filipendula exposed to UV radiation: PAR (control), PAR+UVA+UVB(++) and PAR+UVA(++)+UVB. Changes in the physiological parameters growth rate, total soluble proteins, photosynthetic pigments and the UV-vis absorbing compounds were analysed after T0, T4, T7 and T10 (days) of UV exposure. Physiological parameters showed little variation between treatments and over time, suggesting that moderate UV radiation doses could regulate resistance responses to re-establish the cellular homoeostasis condition through activation of an antioxidant defence system, such as an overproduction of phenolic compounds. Responses recorded in S. filipendula would be related to acclimation mechanisms against acute UV radiation stress, triggering resistance responses to avoid serious damage to the metabolic machinery, activating control systems to maintain hormesis, and homoeostasis of deleterious actions of reactive species, similar to the phenomenon known as preparation for oxidative stress. Finally, UV-visible absorption spectra showed absorption bands evidencing the presence of mainly UV-absorbing compounds with photoprotective function, such as phlorotannins, flavonoids and carotenoids, which could provide adaptive advantages for organisms exposed to UV radiation.
