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ABSTRACT Choice deferral due to information overload is an undesirable result of competitive environments. The neoclassical maximization models predict that choice avoidance will not increase as more information is offered to consumers. The theories developed in the consumer behavior field predict that some properties of the environment may lead to...
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Context 1
... results detailed in Table 3 allow the interpretation of the information load effects, as well as the role of the propo- sed moderators. To interpret the parameters of these models, it is important to observe some details of the coding scheme, designed to allow for floodlight analysis (Spiller et al., 2013), as follows: (a) The linear term for the number of options and the number of attributes results in the intermediate level (8) for both variables to be coded as zero, meaning that the parameters ...
Context 2
... account for the interactions among the NFC, the num- ber of options, and the number of attributes, the execution of floodlight analysis (Spiller et al., 2013) through all levels of information load and the NFC permits the elicitation of the complex relationship connecting these three variables. This analysis is illustrated in Table 3, showing how the logistic re- gression parameters for the information load vary at different levels of the NFC. When observing the number of options as the focal independent variable, meaning that the number of attributes is held at 8, it is possible to conclude that changing the number of options in the choice task has a linear effect, such that more options reduce the choice deferral when the NFC is 3.5. ...
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Citations
... According to Noguchi and Hills (2016) and Pilli and Mazzon (2016), choice overload's adverse effects include post-decision regret and perpetual decision postponement. In the context of this study, we propose that given all of the problems associated with choice overload, it is possible that it would cause people to have a negative attitude toward eHS. ...
Despite the evident advantages of electronic health services (eHS), there is a noticeable opposition to their acceptance, which has raised a crucial question about why people, particularly in developing nations, oppose the acceptance of eHS. This study was designed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the rigid opposition to eHS by integrating two theoretical models: the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior. In our detailed survey, 543 respondents over 18 years old from various regions of Nigeria participated. We evaluated the proposed model using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicated that lower health literacy was associated with a greater opposition to using eHS. In addition, communication and choice overload and perceived risk contributed to a negative attitude toward eHS. Subjective norms played a significant role in influencing the intention not to use eHS, which highlights social pressure’s effect. Further, a greater perception of behavioral control reduced the intention not to use eHS. Ultimately, the intention not to use eHS affected eHS rejection behavior significantly, which makes resistance to it a substantial problem. This research unveils factors that contribute to this behavior and provides insights for policymakers in the health field, with the goal to improve people’s acceptance of eHS. Further research is recommended in different geographical samples and contexts to gain a better understanding of the factors related to eHS rejection behavior.
... We also made an open social media call for unpublished studies including the NCS-18 and asked colleagues directly via email to send raw data or the item correlation matrices. Several authors were responsive to our request (Barceló, 2023;Cartwright et al., 2009;Edwards, 2009;Gomes et al., 2013;Grădinaru et al., 2023;Karagiannopoulou et al., 2020;Koutsogiorgi, 2020;Lee et al., 2020;Pilli & Mazzon, 2016;Powell et al., 2016;Sousa et al., 2018;van Tilburg et al., 2019;Weigold & Weigold, 2022;Weng & DeMarree, 2019). This literature search and screening process resulted in 57 publications with 87 samples that were included in our meta-analysis (see Figure 2 for an overview). ...
The Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) is a self-report scale measuring individual differences in the tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking. The shortened version with 18 items (NCS-18; Cacioppo et al., 1984) has widely been administered in research on persuasion, critical thinking, and educational achievement. Whereas most studies advocated for essential uni-dimensionality, the question remains which psychometric model yields the best representation of the NCS-18. In the present study, we compared six competing measurement models for the NCS-18 with meta-analytic structural equation models using summary data of 87 samples (N = 90,215). Results demonstrated that the negatively worded items introduced considerable measurement bias that was best accounted for with an acquiescence model. In a further analytical step, we showcased how the pooled correlation matrix can be used to compile short versions of the NCS-18 via Ant Colony Optimization. We examined model fit and reliability of short scales with varying item numbers (between 4 and 15) and a balanced ratio of positively and negatively worded items. We discuss the potentials and limits of the newly proposed method.
... A sobrecarga cognitiva, uma preocupação persistente em várias disciplinas do conhecimento, decorre da exposição contínua a um volume de informações que excede a capacidade de processamento humano (Pilli & Mazzon, 2016). A eficiente gestão dessa carga cognitiva é de extrema importância, uma vez que, se não for administrada de maneira adequada, pode resultar na incapacidade dos indivíduos em compreender ou assimilar informações devido ao excesso de demanda cognitiva (Antonenko & Niederhauser, 2010). ...
O estudo tem como objetivo explorar o impacto das neurotecnologias na educação, concentrando-se em sua aplicação para avaliar o engajamento, analisar os estados de atenção e monitorar a sobrecarga cognitiva dos alunos. Destaca-se a proliferação de sensores em dispositivos cotidianos para o acompanhamento de parâmetros fisiológicos. A neurotecnologia emerge como uma ferramenta valiosa para capturar insights sobre processos cognitivos, proporcionando métricas relevantes para o engajamento, sobrecarga e atenção dos alunos. A pesquisa realiza uma revisão narrativa da literatura, enfocando oportunidades inovadoras para aprimorar o ensino e aprendizagem, com ênfase nas neurotecnologias como instrumentos promissores para compreender o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos estudantes.
... However, not all individuals acquire and process information in the same way. Depending on the context, individuals may apply either a more compensatory or a more non-compensatory heuristicbased decision-making strategy (Pilli & Mazzon, 2016). Compensatory decision making involves assigning weights or values to all attributes and selecting the alternative with the highest utility (Johnson & Payne, 1985). ...
Identifying the best ideas from the vast volumes generated by open innovation engagements is costly and often time-consuming. One approach is to engage crowds in filtering the ideas, not just generating them. Klein and Garcia, 2015 proposed a “BOL” approach that is better (in terms of accuracy and speed) at idea filtering than other filtering methods such as a conventional Likert approach. The idea behind this approach (BOL) is that it asks the crowd to distribute a fixed budget of tokens that eliminate bad ideas rather than select good ones. In this paper, we explain why BOL works better than other filtering methods using empirical experiments (with n = 850 subjects). Also, we present the effect of the token budget size on idea-filtering engagement and found, among others, that the accuracy of a filter depends on the token budget size.
... We also made an open social media call for unpublished studies including the NCS-18 and asked colleagues directly via email to send raw data or the item correlation matrices. Several authors were responsive to our request (Barceló, 2023;Cartwright et al., 2009;Edwards, 2009;Gomes et al., 2013;Karagiannopoulou et al., 2020;Koutsogiorgi, 2020;Lee et al., 2020;Pilli & Mazzon, 2016;Powell et al., 2016;Sousa et al., 2016;van Tilburg et al., 2019;Weigold & Weigold, 2022; Weng & DeMarree, 2019). This literature search and screening process resulted in 56 publications with 86 samples that were included in our meta-analysis (see Figure 2 for an overview). ...
The Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) is a self-report scale measuring individual differences in the tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking. The shortened scale with 18 items (NCS-18; Cacioppo et al., 1984) has widely been administered in research on persuasion, critical thinking, and educational achievement. Whereas most studies advocated for essential uni-dimensionality, the question remains which psychometric model yields the best representation of the NCS-18. In the present study, we compared six competing measurement models of the NCS-18 with meta-analytic structural equation models using summary data of 86 samples (N = 89,468). Results demonstrated that the negatively worded items introduced considerable measurement bias that was best accounted for with an acquiescence model. In a further analytical step, we showcased how the pooled correlation matrix can be used to compile short versions of the NCS via Ant Colony Optimization. We examined model fit and reliability of short scales with varying item numbers (between 4 and 15) and a balanced ratio of positively and negatively worded items. We discuss the potentials and limits of the newly proposed method.
... Since the coinage of the term, many studies have confirmed that too many choices can be detrimental (Settle and Golden 1974;Keller and Staelin 1987;Iyengar and Lepper 2000;Misuraca and Teuscher 2013;Greenwood and Ramjaun 2020). Choice overload also leads to negative consequences like suffering from post-choice decision regret or deferring the choice indefinitely (Noguchi and Hills 2016;Pilli and Mazzon 2016). Overchoice has been a mainstay in academic literature for quite some time. ...
The antecedents and consequences of choice overload, or overchoice, have been largely investigated. However, the aspect of comprehensively evaluating a large assortment of options and mitigating subsequent choice overload is absent. By adopting a growth mindset and comprehensively evaluating alternatives , it is possible to combat the menace known as overchoice. This chapter conceptualises a unique model that examines choice overload mitigation from a deeper psychological lens. Moreover, it also adds a new dimension to the concept by integrating the aspect of rigorous choice evaluation. Overall, future research propositions have been made that will enable researchers to validate the novel model. Implications of validating said model include strengthening the field of choice overload by offering comprehensive mitigation strategies.
... Some doctors see information as an opportunity to learn (Falschlunger, Lehner, & Treiblmaier, 2016) and make informed decisions (Matteo, 2017). In contrast, most other doctors perceive information overload as a negative concept hindering their ability to process information effectively and accurately (Pilli & Mazzon, 2016). Information overload has also been acknowledged as a source of burnout syndrome, which is very common among doctors and nurses (Furlow, 2020). ...
Non-mandated technologies hold the promise of increasing health care quality by rendering care that is patient-centered, collaborative, and team approach-driven. Large Customizable Interactive Monitor (LCIM), a non-mandated collaborative health information technology (HIT), is a flat panel touch screen monitor that displays validated patient information from the electronic health record (EHR), including vital signs, laboratory results, medications, X-rays, and interventions. The present study conducts semi-structured interviews with 33 parents and 36 providers to address gaps in post-adoption research on collaborative inpatient LCIM in pediatric settings. The study identified 15 usability issues experienced by doctors and patients’ families while using LCIM. The themes were surrounded around data display characteristics, intuition, physical properties, features supporting or opposing the user’s mental model, and technical problems. Filling these gaps produces scientific knowledge about how providers and patients’ family members perceive LCIM technology’s usability.
... In addition, decision-makers with a greater need for cognition (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982) are less affected by choice overload and defer choice less than decision-makers with a lower need for cognition (Pilli & Mazzon, 2016). Consumers who are more cognitively complex (those who refer to a larger number of dimensions to interpret and evaluate the environment) also use more information. ...
Previous research has shown that neither too much nor too little choice is optimal. Choice sets of an intermediate size offer more positive cognitive and emotional consequences to the decision maker than small and large choice sets. However, the ideal number of choices depends on many factors. This chapter describes the main factors that moderate the effect of choice overload and so determine how much choice is enough. Consistent with Herbert A. Simon’s analogy of a pair of scissors to describe his conception of bounded rationality, where one blade represents the individual cognitive characteristics of the decision maker and the other the structures of the environment, this chapter presents these factors, regrouping them into two main categories: contextual and individual variables.
... 2. The information processing ability is further related to the large empirical evidence suggesting information overload, the phenomena under which the user is overwhelmed by the amount of information provided in the form of number of items and/or item attributes, leading to user dissatisfaction and choice deferral (Pilli 2016). Therefore, the magnitude of this effect is captured by another parameter ( ). ...
... Another important difference is that the authors include an external capacity constraint restricting the number of items offered. Whereas we focus on finding the optimal number of items to recommend when no external capacity constraint exists (as is the case in online subscription services).Information Overload:In online environments, determining how many to recommend is related to the large empirical evidence suggesting information overload(Aljukhadar and Senecal 2013; M. Li et al. 2016;Pilli 2016;Hunter 2005;Holton and Chyi 2012;Edmunds and Morris 2000;Louviere et al. 2008;Eppler, Martin J.;Mengis 2004;Jacoby 1977;Jacoby, Speller, and Kohn 1974;Park and Jang 2013). Multiple recent studies provide empirical evidence of information overload and its consequences in online environments(Bollen et al. 2010, Gross 2014Garaus and Wagner 2016; Y. Chen, Shang, and Kao 2009;Sicilia and Ruiz 2010; M. Li et al. 2016; C. Li 2016;Pilli 2016). ...
... Whereas we focus on finding the optimal number of items to recommend when no external capacity constraint exists (as is the case in online subscription services).Information Overload:In online environments, determining how many to recommend is related to the large empirical evidence suggesting information overload(Aljukhadar and Senecal 2013; M. Li et al. 2016;Pilli 2016;Hunter 2005;Holton and Chyi 2012;Edmunds and Morris 2000;Louviere et al. 2008;Eppler, Martin J.;Mengis 2004;Jacoby 1977;Jacoby, Speller, and Kohn 1974;Park and Jang 2013). Multiple recent studies provide empirical evidence of information overload and its consequences in online environments(Bollen et al. 2010, Gross 2014Garaus and Wagner 2016; Y. Chen, Shang, and Kao 2009;Sicilia and Ruiz 2010; M. Li et al. 2016; C. Li 2016;Pilli 2016). Assortment cardinality has been identified in empirical studies as one of the underlying cause of information overload effects(Aljukhadar and Senecal 2013;Chen, Shang, and Kao 2009). ...
A more general family of random utility models is developed to model a cognitive heuristic, known as consideration sets. These new models, denoted as Multinomial Logit Cardinality Effect models (MNL-CE), define perceived representative utility of items by assigning a penalty as a function of assortment cardinality to the representative utility of each item beyond a threshold value (except for the no-choice option). This definition of perceived representative utility of an item is context-dependent and thus a function of assortment attributes (cardinality), in addition to item and user attributes. The user’s net benefit is therefore a trade-off between the benefits and the costs of considering a certain number of items. A developed algorithm efficiently solves the subscription platform assortment optimization problem with equal profit when user selection is modeled via variants of the MNL-CE. The sensitivity of model parameters on the optimal assortment cardinality and no-choice probability is analyzed with the MovieLens dataset.
... They see information as an opportunity to learn, as observed by Falschlunger [21], and increase their confidence in their decisions, in line with the freedom of choice described by Brehm and Brehm [53] and De Angelis [54]. However, the majority of physicians perceived information overload as a negative concept hindering their ability to process information effectively and accurately [55]. The migration toward big data handling by health care professionals because of the information expansion phenomenon described by Yamamoto [30] is also reflected in this study as physicians are faced with multiple evolving environments. ...
Background:
Information overload is affecting modern society now more than ever because of the wide and increasing distribution of digital technologies. Social media, emails, and online communications among others infuse a sense of urgency as information must be read, produced, and exchanged almost instantaneously. Emergency medicine is a medical specialty that is particularly affected by information overload with consequences on patient care that are difficult to quantify and address. Understanding the current causes of medical information overload, their impact on patient care, and strategies to handle the inflow of constant information is crucial to alleviating stress and anxiety that is already crippling the profession.
Objective:
This study aims to identify and evaluate the main causes and sources of medical information overload, as experienced by emergency medicine physicians in selected National Health Service (NHS) trusts in the United Kingdom.
Methods:
This study used a quantitative, survey-based data collection approach including close- and open-ended questions. A web-based survey was distributed to emergency physicians to assess the impact of medical information overload on their jobs. In total, 101 valid responses were collected from 4 NHS trusts in north England. Descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, independent sample two-tailed t tests, and one-way between-group analysis of variance with post hoc tests were performed on the data. Open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key topics.
Results:
The vast majority of respondents agreed that information overload is a serious issue in emergency medicine, and it increases with time. The always available culture (mean 5.40, SD 1.56), email handling (mean 4.86, SD 1.80), and multidisciplinary communications (mean 4.51, SD 1.61) are the 3 main reasons leading to information overload. Due to this, emergency physicians experience guideline fatigue, stress and tension, longer working hours, and impaired decision making, among other issues. Aspects of information overload are also reported to have different impacts on physicians depending on demographic factors such as age, years spent in emergency medicine, and level of employment.
Conclusions:
There is a serious concern regarding information overload in emergency medicine. Participants identified a considerable number of daily causes affecting their job, particularly the traditional culture of emergency departments being always available on the ward, exacerbated by email and other forms of communication necessary to maintain optimal, evidence-based practice standards. However, not all information is unwelcome, as physicians also need to stay updated with the latest guidelines on conditions and treatment, and communicate with larger medical teams to provide quality care.
