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... and well developed shoots were excised from the shoot clumps and transferred to half strength of MS medium fortified with IAA, IBA and NAA (0.5 -2.5 mg/l) individually for root initiation. Among the three auxins, highest rooting percentage was observed on IBA (93.2 %) (1.0 mg/l) ( Table 2; Fig. 1c). IBA is an important plant growth hormone for the root induction in tissue culture [21]. ...
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Citations
... Eighty eight percentages of the plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. 66 ...
Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn. (family-Phyllanthaceae), commonly known as Madras leaf-flower, is a herbaceous medicinal plant, widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions of the old world. It is widely used to treat liver disorders, headache, constipation, diarrhoea, edematous, dysentery, fever, ulcer, burn, scabies and other diseases in Ayurveda and Unani. This review particularly deals with the pharmacognosy, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and other aspects of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.
... The results of the current study confirm that, the cytokinin BAP was supe- www.nature.com/scientificreports/ rior for induction of multiple shoot regeneration in nodal explants of Phyllanthus species such as P. urinaria 25 , P. niruri 26 , P. amarus 27 , P. maderaspatensis 28 and P. fraternus 29 . However, contrasting results are also reported in Phyllanthus amarus 19,30 and Phyllanthus urinaria 14 ; where the efficiency of shoot proliferation on Kin and TDZ was superior to BAP. ...
... This difference in response may be attributed to the interaction of exogenous and endogenous levels of auxin in the medium and cultured shoots respectively as well as their uptake, transport and metabolism 22 . Similar observation was recorded in Phyllanthus amarus 19 and Phyllanthus maderaspatensis 28 . On the contrary, the effectiveness of IBA over other auxins in rooting has been reported in P. urinaria 25 , P. fraternus 29 , P. reticulatus 32 and in P. tenellus 15 . ...
This is the first report on identification and quantification of important hepatoprotective and anticancer polyphenolic lignans such as phyllanthin (PH), hypophyllanthin (HPH), niranthin (NH) and phyltetralin (PT) in natural plant and in vitro cultures of Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. The identification of lignans was carried out by Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC–HRMS) and quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In addition, an efficient protocol has been developed for multiple shoot induction in nodal explants of in vitro derived shoots of P. tenellus. Maximum number of shoot regeneration (7.83 ± 0.15) was achieved on medium incorporated with 1.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The medium containing Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 2 mg/l was superior for induction of rooting in in vitro raised shoots. The plantlets were acclimatized to the field condition with 100% survival. The quantitative HPLC analysis showed that the lignan content was variable with the auxins and cytokinins incorporated in the medium. The lignan content was higher in callus grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium + 2.0 mg/l Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The reported protocol can be used for mass propagation and application of biotechnological approaches for improvement of P. tenellus. The results indicate intriguing possibilities for the utilization of P. tenellus plant parts as an alternative source and of callus culture to scale up bioactive lignan production for pharmaceutical applications.
... All studied characters for whole plants and callus inductions were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS program version 17 in one way or two ways with three replications by SPSS program (Raja et al., 2011). ...
The effect of different Egyptian P. atropurpureus ecotypes (Sharkia, Ismailia and Cairo) and growth regulators on direct pathway (micro propagation), indirect pathway (callus induction), as well as alkaloids and phenolic content were determined. Murashige and skoog (MS) medium supplemented with four different growth regulators was applied for micro propagation, i.e. M0: (without hormone), M1: 1 mg/l Benzyl Adenine (BA), M2: 2 mg/l (BA), and M3: 4 mg/l (BA). Four different growth regulators for rooting, i.e. M0 (without hormone), M4: 0.50 mg/l Indol buteric acid (IBA) + 0.50 mg/l Indol acetic acid (IAA), M5: 1 mg/l (IBA) and M6: 2 mg/l (IBA). As well as four different growth regulators for callus induction, i.e. M0: (without hormone), M7: 2 mg/l 1-Naphthalen acetic acid (NAA) + 0.2 mg/l (BA), M8: 1 mg/l 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) and M9: 2 mg/l (2, 4-D). The results showed that Sharkia ecotype gave highly genetic response for micro propagation (2.91 shoots) followed by Ismailia, medium (M1) gave highly genetic response for micro propagation (2.66 shoots) followed by M0, and the interaction between Sharkia ecotype and medium (M1) gave significant for shoot number, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, shooting percentages, leaf number and internode number. Sharkia ecotype gave highly genetic response for rooting (4.33 roots) followed by Ismailia, medium (M4) gave highly genetic response for rooting (2.4 roots) followed by M0, and the interaction between Sharkia ecotype and medium (M4) was significant for root number, root length and rooting percentages. Sharkia ecotype gave highly genetic response for callus induction frequencies (88.8%) followed by Ismailia, medium (M8) gave highly genetic response for callus induction frequencies (81.4%) followed by M9, and the interaction between Sharkia ecotype and medium (M8) gave significant for callus fresh weight, callus dry weight, callus induction frequency and callusing Initiation time/day. Total alkaloids content (TAC) was estimated using spectrophotometer with bromocresol green (BCG) in three different parts (leaf, stem and callus). The results showed that Ismailia ecotype gave highly genetic response for TAC (1.60 mg/g) followed by Sharkia, stem gave highly genetic response for TAC (0.86 mg/g) followed by leaf. Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using spectrophotometer with folin-ciocalteu method in the whole plant. The results showed that Ismailia ecotype was the highest significant for TPC (2.513 mg/g) followed by Sharkia. Cairo ecotype was the lowest value in TAC and TPC.
... In general, the most effective explant type for direct shoot bud formation is organized explants, e.g., shoot tips, axillary buds, and zygotic embryos. Explants were used for micropropagation in Manihot esculanta and Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. [16,17] . Results of other experiments showed that explants obtained from shoot tips were more responsive than those obtained from meristem segments of Telfairia occidentalis [18] . ...
Objective:
To develop an in vitro regeneration system to increase the recovery of Carum copticum L. plantlets as a part of developing a metabolic engineering program.
Methods:
The efficacy of different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzyladenine, indole-3-acetic acid and indole butyric acid on direct shoot regeneration and rooting of ajowan from apical bud explants were assessed. All explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) (0, 2.2, 4.4, 8.8 µmol/L) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0, 0.5, 1.1, 2.2 µmol/L).
Results:
The maximum shoot regeneration frequency (97.5%) and the highest number of shoots produced from apical buds (34 shoots per explant) were obtained on MS medium fortified with BAP (4.4 µmol/L) and IAA (0.5 µmol/L). Low shoot regeneration frequency was observed in BAP free treatments. The effects of different strengths of MS medium and various concentrations of IAA and indole-3- butyric acid on rooting rate, length and average number of roots were also investigated. Application of indole-3- butyric acid (6 µmol/L) in full-strength MS medium, was more effective than IAA and resulted in highest shoot regeneration frequency with the rooting rate of 100% and highest mean number of roots per shoot (41.8). The rooted plantlets were acclimatized successfully in greenhouse conditions with a survival rate of 90%.
Conclusion:
In this study, a simple and reliable regeneration and acclimatization protocol for Carum copticum has been presented. This protocol can be found very advantageous for a variety of purposes, including mass multiplication of Carum species, medicinal plant breeding studies and transgenic plant production.
... MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l KIN + 0.6 mg/l NAA + 0.4 mg/l GA 3 gave the minimum shoot length of 1.67 cm. Several workers used BAP either alone or in combination with GA 3 for getting maximum length of shoots (Ganeshkumari et al., 2008;Alam et al., 2010;Raja et al., 2011;Saharan et al., 2011). The significant genotypes × medium interaction effect (Table 4) revealed that the callus of JP-65 regenerated maximum length of shoots (7.00 cm) on MS containing 0.5 mg/l KIN + 0.25 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l GA 3 which was followed by the length of shoots produced by GC-3 on MS + 1.0 mg/l KIN + 0.6 mg/l NAA + 0.2 mg/l GA 3 (6.00 ...
An in vitro propagation system developed for castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) through hypocotyl derived callus cultures. Seeds were surface
sterilized with 5 per cent bavistin for 30 min followed by 0.01 per cent HgCl2 for 4 min to obtain in vitro seedlings germinated with growth regulator
free MS medium. The impacts of different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins were evaluated for callus induction, shoot proliferation and root
induction. Hypocotyls were excised from 10-12 days old in vitro seedlings and were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented
with different concentration of BA, KIN and 2IP. White compact, nodular organogenic callus was obtained on the MS medium fortified with B5
vitamins and 1.0 mg/l BA (80.84%) or 2.0 mg/l BA(80.17%). Shoot induction from the callus cultures was achieved on MS medium with 0.5 mg/l KIN + 0.25mg/l BAP (75.00%). Use of 0.2 mg/l GA3 in combination with 0.5 mg/l KIN and 0.25 mg/l BAP induced maximum number of shoots per explants (7.00) as well as shoot length (6.49cm). For root induction, in vitro shoots were transferred to rooting media containing IAA, IBA and AgNO3 singly or in combinations but root induction was not achieved even after 30 days of culture.
... Scoparia dulcis is traditionally used in the management of hypertension and diabetes (12,13). Phyllanthus maderaspatensis is not only an antioxidant but also used as an antibacterial and hepatoprotective agent (14,15). ...
Health improvement mediated by " Nutraceuticals " has triggered an increased global interest and the current global market size of herbal Nutraceuticals is estimated between 30 and 60 billion. In order to contribute to the human health and National economy, attempts were made to evaluate Nutraceutical potentials of certain common plants available in the SASTRA University campus, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. Common plants such as Achyranthus aspera L, Boerhavia diffusa L, Mukia madraspatana (L) Roem, Scoparia dulcis, and Phyllanthus madaraspatensis L were collected, identified, authenticated and evaluated for their nutracceutical potential. Before analysis collected drugs were shade dried, coarsely powdered and extracted with water and alcohol. Both powder and extracts were subjected to nutraceutical analysis and their nutraceutical values were determined. Among the selected plants Mukia madraspatana (L) Roem possessed high nutraceutical values.
Phyllanthus is a largest genus, included annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, and climbers and used in folk medicine to treat wide range of diseases. Phyllanthus reticulatus leaf extract showed potential RNase H inhibition and protection against the viral cytopathic effect of HIV‐1, and the leaves, roots, stem, bark, and berries of this genus contain lignans and a variety of other phytochemicals. Phyllaemblic acid, a highly oxygenated norbisabolane, was isolated from the roots of P. emblica, and its structure was characterized by spectroscopic and chemical means. The selected hairy root clone HR‐1 was capable of growing at a very fast rate, and an approximately 900‐fold increase in weight of root biomass was achieved after four weeks of culture in hormone‐free quarter‐strength liquid Murashige and Skoog medium with continuous agitation. Non‐transformed roots cultured in the presence of Indole‐3‐acetic acid increased by 330‐fold.
Present experiment was aimed to assess the diet induced hypocholesterolemic activity of crude methanolic extracts of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. on Wistar rats. The crude whole plant methanolic extract was administered orally at the dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight per day, to diet induced hypercholesterolemic Wistar albino rats for 14 days to assess the acute toxicity and hypercholesterolemic activity. Lower concentrations were used since no toxicity found during the acute toxicity experiment. Dosages of Methanolic extracts of 400mg, 800 mg and 1200 mg/ kg body weight per day were orally administered to rats for 42 days whilst total cholesterol, triglyceride, were studied. Hardly any acute toxicity signs and liver toxicity were observed with the extract of 2000 mg/kg. The same concentration indicated a reduction of total cholesterol and triglyceride during 14 days. The groups treated with three lower doses of extract exhibited dose dependent negative response with total cholesterol and triglyceride. Results indicated capability of the crude methanolic extract of P. maderaspatensis L. in total cholesterol and triglyceride in diet induced hypercholestrolemic Wistar rats.
