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shows the variation of BETA factor (β = K FEA /K ECP = K FEA /4) versus flange slenderness (C f /t f ) and web slenderness (d w /t w ) for different values of panel aspect ratio (L/d). BETA (β) variation with panel parameters reflects the impact on the local buckling coefficient and, in turn, the buckling strength as per Eq. (6) and Eq. (1), respectively. The lower the BETA value, the lower the buckling coefficient relative to the reference value (K ECP =4). It is noted that based on pilot analyses the BETA factor was found to be constant for flanges of C f /t f up to 5.0 "extremely thick flanges" representing the clamp restraint case. Consequently, this range of C f /t f has been excluded from the analysis.
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Mathematically, the buckling phenomenon can be defined as a bifurcation in the solution to the equations of static equilibrium that leads to failure. In practice, buckling is characterized by a sudden failure of a structural member under high compressive stresses; meanwhile, the actual stress at the point of failure is less than the ultimate compre...
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... restraint for the web approaching the hinges restraint at the extreme. The thick flanges (low value of C f /t f ), however, afford high rotational restraint for the web approaching the clamps restraint at the extreme. Comparing the results in Figs. 2a-2d, it is clear that the panel aspect ratio (L/d) affects the buckling coefficient value. Fig. 2. Beta Factor versus C f /t f for different d w /t w values: a) L/d=1.67, b) L/d=2.5, c) L/d=3.5 and (d) L/d=4.0 Figure 2 shows that BETA attains its maximum at low value of flange C f /t f "thick flanges" for any value of web d w /t w , because of the clamps restraint to the ...
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