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The objective of this study is to show how the characteristics of tap water influences the characteristics of the greywater generated from kitchen, bath shower, wash basin, and laundry apart from the usage pattern. Various quantitative techniques have been used to measure pH, alkalinities, hardness, total solids, total suspended solids, total disso...
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Citations
... According to FAO (2017), acceptable irrigation water reuse ranges from 0 to 518.5 mg/l, and all study data fell within this category. In a study comparing different greywater sources' quality, laundry samples were the most alkaline, suggesting laundry greywater has buffering action (Shamim, 2022). ...
... Laundry detergents, a common source of chemicals in greywater, may elevate the BOD levels (Ghaitidak & Yadav, 2013), with surfactants and xenobiotic compounds contributing to 40% of the organic matter present (Delhiraja & Philip, 2020;Khalil & Liu, 2021). Additionally, aerobic bacteria originating from sweat and other body fluids present in the laundry greywater can cause higher BOD levels (Shamim, 2022). Although the study of surfactants was outside this study's scope, removing pollutants is essential. ...
Potable water scarcity is a global issue. Recent and ongoing droughts in the Western United States make residential water conservation crucial. Several water agencies have invested in conservation programs that educate residents on non-traditional water sources, such as laundry-to-landscape (L2L) greywater systems, which reuse washing machine water for outdoor irrigation. This study analyzed landscape vegetation and 21 greywater characteristics of 30 households with L2L systems in Santa Clara County, California. Greywater from most residential systems, even ones decades-old and unmaintained, had acceptable reuse values for major water quality parameters tested. Overall, 89% of fecal coliform counts fell within the acceptable range for water reuse, although counts were higher in non-code-compliant systems than in code-compliant L2L systems. The mean values for coliform counts, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and sodium adsorption ratio were lower than the means previously reported for L2L systems. Analysis of water samples indicated high levels of iron and calcium, which merits further investigation. Outdoor vegetation appeared diverse and healthy. The promising results here indicate a high potential for expanding L2L programs. Wider system adoption can diversify regional water supply in service areas where the residential sector accounts for significant water use.
HIGHLIGHTS
Samples from systems compliant with California Plumbing Code had lower fecal coliform levels, and most chemical characteristics were in the acceptable reuse range for outdoor irrigation.;
Homeowners did not typically change their landscaping after installing greywater systems.;
Laundry to landscape programs provide an additional tool for water agencies to diversify regional water supply portfolios and conserve potable water.;
