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Conversion of inorganic–organic frameworks (ceramic precursors and ceramic–polymer mixtures) into solid mass ceramic structures based on photopolymerization process is currently receiving plentiful attention in the field of additive manufacturing (3D printing). Various techniques (e.g., stereolithography, digital light processing, and two-photon po...
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Citations
... The particle size and distribution of ceramic particles used in DLP follow a different set of rules, compared to other additive manufacturing processes [46]. As of yet, an ideal particle size distribution for DLP has not been established, however it is well known that a mixture of fine and large particles should co-exist in order to allow for successful printing and of course to help achieve better densification after the green shaping process. ...
Solid-state electrolyte structures using sodium-beta-alumina oxide ceramics, have been fabricated for the first time, using digital light processing; a vat photopolymerisation additive manufacturing process. Green bodies were shaped using a high solids loading ceramic resin of 46 vol.% (72 wt.%) and were then thermally binder removed and sintered. Conventionally sintered at 1580 • C for 5 min, additively manufactured electrolyte test samples exhibited an ionic conductivity of σ = 0.18 S⋅cm-1 at 300 • C, an activation energy of conduction E a = 0.38 eV and density of ρ = 3.19 ± 0.01 g⋅cm-3 (relative density 98%) along with a retention of 91 wt.% of the desirable β'' rhombohedral phase. Results suggest that digital light processing of sodium polyaluminates is a very promising approach for manufacturing geometrically complex monolithic ceramic electrolytes for future applications in electrochemical energy storage.
... 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technology has the advantages of no mold, high design freedom, and fast forming. This technology has been rapidly developed in manufacturing science [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Recent works related to the additive manufacturing of Water-soluble salt-based ceramic cores are shown in Table 1 [ [27][28][29][30][31]. Gong et al. [27] used material extrusion to fabricate highstrength, low-cost, water-soluble salt cores. ...
... [8] Typically, the selective laser printing technique is featured by diversified materials selection, no support structure requirement, high material utilization, and simple operation. Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) technology, by which organic polymers are converted into inorganic ceramics through a series of chemical reactions, and fine grains are normally found in the pyrolyzed ceramics, [9][10][11] specific PDCs can be tailored to exhibit functional properties such as electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, and chemical resistance, among others. It shows advantages in tailorable microstructures, relatively low fabrication temperature, and comprehensive properties. ...
Porous SiC ceramics are preferable materials for industrial applications such as hot gas filtration and microfiltration, some areas of fine filtration exist where complex structures of ceramic components are required. In this study, a novel method was employed for preparing high‐flux ceramic membranes via selective laser printing. The powder used for laser printing is a laboratory‐prepared polysiloxane powder, which can be pyrolyzed under relatively lower temperatures to obtain SiOC ceramic membranes. From the results of characterization and testing, the obtained ceramic membranes exhibited inimitable pore microstructure, high porosity, and outstanding filtering performance. Laser printing demonstrated good potential to be a strong candidate for the next generation of ceramic membrane fabrication technology.
... The fundamental principle of ceramic vat photopolymerization involves the exposure of a high-solids ceramic paste to ultraviolet (UV) light, initiating the process of photopolymerization. Following this, the green parts undergo post-processing steps such as debinding and sintering to achieve densification [189]. ...
Additive manufacturing (AM) also known as 3D printing (3DP) has become a popular technology with a wide range of applications, from which vat photopolymerization is a technique for producing nanocomposites with controlled mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. This technology uses a UV light laser to cure a liquid resin into a solid object, layer by layer, allowing complex three-dimensional (3D) objects with intricate details of manufacturing and excellent finishing. Nanocomposites produced by vat photopolymerization have been used in aerospace, automotive, and medical industries, due to their superior mechanical strength and dimensional accuracy. In this article, we will discuss the advantages and other aspects of nanocomposites made with vat photopolymerization, exploring potential applications, and discuss the research by different areas, such as their AM technologies and materials properties.
Graphical abstract
This review deals with nanocomposites made by additive manufacturing (3D printing), presenting a systematic on vat photopolymerization technology, including the technologies, materials, and properties.
... Additive manufacturing (AM) has made tremendous progress in recent years and has found its way into a wide variety of technological fields, ranging from prototyping, over medical applications to space applications. [1][2][3][4] The reason for this is the advantage over traditional manufacturing methods in terms of complex design, fast fabrication, and low-cost production. 5 The production of 3D-printed ceramics is more complex, compared to other Materials wise, various ceramics (e.g., oxides, carbides, nitrides, and apatites) have been intensively investigated and adopted for ceramic additive fabrication. ...
This contribution discusses the impact of sintering temperatures on dielectric properties of 3D‐printed alumina (Al2O3) in the W‐band, by evaluating high quality factor (−Q) resonators integrated in a 2D photonic crystal structure. By varying the sintering temperature of the lithography‐based ceramic manufactured (LCM) samples, the microstructure of the material can be defined, which has a direct impact on the dielectric permittivity and material losses. Using a highly accurate photonic crystal structure, with a dimensional variation below 2% from print to print, an accurate extraction and evaluation of the dielectric material properties could be achieved. The relative permittivity of the alumina was tuned from 4.4 at 1250°C to 9.2 at 1650°C, whereas the observed change in dielectric losses was moderate. The maximum in observed dielectric loss for samples sintered at the lowest evaluated temperature, only yields an average value of 30 × 10⁻⁴. This demonstrates the versatility of the LCM technology for mm‐ and sub‐mm‐wave applications and its possibilities for material tuneability.
... However, this conventional fabrication approach may inadvertently introduce defects and microcracks, and have relatively suboptimal material utilization. Therefore, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been introduced as a new method for dental applications-especially stereolithography (SLA) (Dehurtevent et al., 2017;Halloran, 2016;Wang et al., 2022;Rasaki et al., 2021;Xing-bang et al., 2019). Compared to other additive manufacturing technologies, SLA provides superior printing accuracy and ensures excellent surface quality for individual dental restorations Wang et al., 2023;Tang et al., 2022). ...
... While three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), is regarded as a revolution in manufacturing [7][8][9][10]. Among 3D printing technologies, the vat photopolymerization (VPP) technique has attracted more and more attentions in recent decades because of high precision and design flexibility [10,11]. ...
... With the rapid development of laser forming technology, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, including laser melting deposition (LMD), selected laser melting, and laser powder bed fusion, have been widely applied to produce crucial parts for aircraft engines, combustion gas turbines, and injection moulds [1][2][3][4]. AM technologies are known for reducing tooling operations and increasing material efficiency in forming processes; however, the major limitation hindering the application of AM technology is the forming ability of printing production [5,6]. Although the base material used for AM has now been extended to a wide range of metals, including stainless steels, super alloys, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, and high-entropy alloys (HEAs), the design of base metals for AM must consider the cracking susceptibility of the alloying elements. ...
The microstructural evolution, pitting performance, and passive-film properties of AlxCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) fabricated via laser melting deposition (LMD) were investigated using material characterization techniques and electrochemical measurements. The substrates of the LMD HEAs transform from a face-centred cubic (FCC) to a body-centred cubic (BCC) structure with increasing Al addition. The BCC-structured B2 and A2 phases precipitate in the HEA substrate when the Al content reaches 10 mol.%. Ternary-phase HEA with Al addition of 10 mol.% exhibits the best corrosion resistance, which is attributed to favourable modifications in the Cr2O3 content and passive-film thickness.
... While DIW is compatible with all ceramic materials, lithography-based printing is mainly limited to oxide ceramics like alumina, zirconia, and silica due to challenges related to light diffraction/absorption caused by dark ceramics, 23 although lithography-based printing of non-oxide ceramics such as Si 3 N 4 has also been reported. 26 However, lithographybased printing offers higher resolution compared to DIW, 22 and factors like exposure time and intensity affect the geometrical accuracy of printed parts. 25 Furthermore, both methods can be applied to polymer-derived ceramics. ...
Biological materials, such as seashells, exhibit distinct microstructures in which (bio)ceramic micro-platelets are aligned, resulting in desirable mechanical properties when combined with other materials in the composite form. The manufacturing of synthetic counterparts often involves various methods capable of large-scale particle alignment, such as freeze-casting, tape casting, and magnetic assembly. However, these methods are often limited to simple geometries or require specialized printers with magnetic control capability and magnetized platelets. In this study, we report on 3D-printed alumina with aligned micro-platelets achieved using the vat photopolymerization process. Notably, our approach relies solely on the shear flow in the resin induced by the motion of the printer build plate in lower-cost printers without a doctor blade. This process holds significant potential for the development of ceramic and composite parts with controlled microstructures, particularly for the manufacturing of bioinspired structural and functional composites.
... Polymers involve a wide range of materials that have become essential for everyday life, and this has prompted a search for more efficient and less environmentally harmful synthesis methodologies. In recent years, the use of photoredox reactions in polymerization has been in the vanguard as a versatile technology for obtaining polymers and composite materials with lower costs and ecological impact than traditional thermal methods [16,19,28]. Much of the recent research has focused on visible light photoinitiating systems (Vis-PIs), which are cheaper and less injurious than UV based PIs, especially if sunlight may be used as irradiation source [3,22]. ...
