Figure 1 - uploaded by Paul Rose
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(left): schematic diagram of the lesser flamingo enclosure at Slimbridge. Zones used for determining enclosure use are named. The house was excluded as the birds had been shut out for the summer. An SPI value of 0.43 was calculated denoting unequal use of zones within this enclosure.
Source publication
It is said that flamingos are the world’s most popular zoo-housed bird, yet little current research exists on how the captive environment affects time budgets and daily activity patterns. All six species of the order Phoenicopteridae are currently maintained in captivity, with some species affording more success than others in terms of captive bree...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... and inactive state behaviour were recorded via a group scan of the flock every five minutes /hour. At the same time, location of each bird in the exhibit (using the zones detailed in figure 1) was noted. Event behaviours that focussed around ag- gressive interactions were recorded continuously throughout each one hour observation period. ...
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Citations
... Similarly in captivity, a large proportion of a flamingo's day may also be spent in low-energy activities (e.g. resting, sleeping and standing) (Rose et al., 2012) but such activity patterns are worthy of deeper investigation. ...
Flamingos are ubiquitous captive species (potentially the world's most commonly kept zoo bird) that have long lifespans and unique breeding cycles. In-depth research into the links between provision (enclosure, husbandry), behavioural performance (reflecting internal motivation) and perceived welfare state (from behavioural cues) can inform management for good welfare over the many decades of a bird's life, and benefit reproductive output. Here, the published literature on flamingo husbandry is reviewed, with reference to our current understanding of flamingo behaviour in the wild. Evaluation of whole-flock time budgets and assessment of behavioural diversity can highlight any deviation from a norm. Several published works suggest ways of improving breeding success in captive flamingos by re-evaluating husbandry routines as well as highlighting minimum numbers of birds per flock for ‘good welfare’. Research has shown that some aspects of zoo-flamingo activity can match that of wild birds. Further examination of specific behaviour patterns, as well as the motivations for these, would allow for evidence-based enclosure design and provision of species-specific behavioural husbandry. Future research topics covering social support, foraging activity and developing a definition of ‘positive welfare activity’ would further enhance zoo management practices for these birds.
