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(left) Illustration of organic solar cell with hyperbranched nanocrystals embedded in conjugated polymers as semiconductor material, and (right) a SEM image of PBS nanocrystals.  

(left) Illustration of organic solar cell with hyperbranched nanocrystals embedded in conjugated polymers as semiconductor material, and (right) a SEM image of PBS nanocrystals.  

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FIGURE 1. (left) Illustration of organic solar cell with hyperbranched...
FIGURE 2. Schematic drawing and photograph of the laboratory soft x-ray...
Soft X-Ray Microscopic Investigation on Self Assembling Nanocrystals
Article
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  • Sep 2011
Soft x-ray microscopy is well suited to investigation of nanoparticles in liquid media. Using a table-top microscope based on a gas-discharge source emitting at 2.88 nm, dried CdTe nanowires and dried PbS hyperbranched nanocrystals are investigated. These structures are the result of the assembly of nanoparticles in a liquid environment. Soft x-ray...
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... in particle size and branching structure affect the performance of semiconductor material. A scheme of such solar cells and an electron microscope image (SEM) is shown in Figure 1. The production of efficient nanostructures demands deep understanding of the underlying process. ...

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... 106 Soft-XRM in liquid media using a wet sample chamber (photon energy of 430 eV) gives a 40 nm resolution when imaging CdTe nanowires and hyperbranched PbS nanocrystals. 107 Extremely low energies (ca. 100 eV), used in Soft X-ray STXM, are useful for investigations of actinide dioxides of uranium (UO 2 ), neptunium (NpO 2 ), and plutonium (PuO 2 ). This technique also allows near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) for elemental mapping of actinide elements (see Section 3.1) and imaging with 30 nm spatial resolution. ...
A General Perspective of the Characterization and Quantification of Nanoparticles: Imaging, Spectroscopic, and Separation Techniques
Article
  • Jun 2014
  • CRIT REV SOLID STATE
This article gives an overview of the different techniques used to identify, characterize, and quantify engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). The state-of-the-art of the field is summarized, and the different characterization techniques have been grouped according to the information they can provide. In addition, some selected applications are highlighted for each technique. The classification of the techniques has been carried out according to the main physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles such as morphology, size, polydispersity characteristics, structural information, and elemental composition. Microscopy techniques including optical, electron and X-ray microscopy, and separation techniques with and without hyphenated detection systems are discussed. For each of these groups, a brief description of the techniques, specific features, and concepts, as well as several examples, are described.
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... During the recent decades, soft x-ray microscopy has developed into a widely used nanoscale imaging technique in a broad range of disciplines such as material sciences [1][2][3][4], biology [5][6][7][8], and environmental sciences [9][10][11][12]. Microscopy at soft x-ray wavelengths is interesting for several reasons. ...
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