Fig 3 - uploaded by Magdalena Fiłoc
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The numerous dystrophic (humic) lakes are a very important feature of Wigry National Park, NE Poland. As the most recent palaeoecological data indicate, at the beginning of its development (in the Late Glacial and Early and Middle Holocene) these water bodies functioned as harmonious lakes, and their transformation into dystrophic lakes and the sta...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... LEN PALYNOMORPHS CHARACTERISTIC The shell-form ing Arcella oc curred com monly in bryophyte peat, par tic u larly among peat mosses (Hoogenraad and Groot 1979; Chardez and Beyens 1987), for ex am ple, S. fuscum (Van Geel et al. , 1981) or S . fallax (Lamentowicz et al. , 2007a). There are many dif fer ent spe cies of this ge nus, and they are dif fi cult to dif fer entiate in the subfossil ma te rial. Most likely, at least one of the spe cies of this ge nus was A . artocrea (Fig. 4£), as ev i denced by its size, 188–211 μm, and ap pear ance (). Arcella and Centropyxis are the most com mon tes tate amoe bae among epiphytic bryophytes (Glime 2013). At least one of the spe cies of Centropyxis was of the Centropyxis aculeata type (Fig. 4I), which ap peared on the Sphag num mat dom i nated by S. fallax , and pre ferred higher ground wa ter lev els (Lamentowicz et al. , 2007a). Some spe cies of Centropyxis are as so ci ated with high pH, e.g. Centropyxis aculeata , C. hirsuta , C. aerophila and C. ecornis , but Centropyxis aculeata has a wide range of tol er ance for en vi ron men tal con di tions (Lamentowicz et al. , 2005). Arcella artocrea and Centropyxis aculeata type were found in Lake Œlepe and Lake Suchar II, for ex am ple, on S . fallax (Drzymulska et al. , 2015, and un pub lished data). Hyalosphenia subflava (Fig. 4J) is sup posed to give an in di ca tion of se ri ous dis tur bances in peat growth (Van Geel 1978), and pre fers rel a tively dry con di tions com pared to other spe cies (Booth 2001). In our re search this taxon was found only in Lake Suchar II af ter a lon ger pe riod of for ma tion of the float ing mats. In high hu mid ity, Hyalosphenia papilio (Fig. 4K) is one of the most nu mer ous spe cies of peat bog (Lamentowicz et al. , 2007a, Glime 2013), and is as so ci ated with acid hab i tats (Lamentowicz et al. , 2007a). H. papilio was pres ent only in Lake Œlepe. Assulina muscorum/seminulum are closely re lated to Sphag num (Van Geel 1978) . Assulina muscorum ap pears in spring, and A. seminulum in sum mer (Glime 2013). These oligotraphentous thecamoeba are an ad di tional in di ca tor of low nu tri ent con tent, such as in the drier poor fens (Van Geel et al. , 1989). Assulina muscorum/seminulum in habit both com mu ni ties de scribed by Mazei and Tsyganov (2007/08) in the Sphag num peatlands of Rus sia: bot tom sed i ments of the drain age and the Sphag num quag mire (acc. Glime 2013). The re sults from Lake Suchar II (Fig. 3) con firmed that the early stages of Sphag num peatlands were char ac ter ized by wide spread spe cies such as Assulina muscorum and Arcella arenaria , whereas the sphagnobionts, such as Hyalosphenia , were ab sent (Mazei and Bubnova 2007; Glime 2013). An other amoeba spe cies, Amphitrema flavum , is char ac ter is tic for young Sphag num peat, for ex am ple, Sphag num cf. rubellum peat formed in the Subatlantic (Van Geel 1978). This amoeba is an in di ca tor of a low-nu tri ent sub stra tum (Van Geel et al. , 1989) and wet con di tions (Schnitchen et al. , 2003). In our study this spe cies reaches its max i mum oc cur rence in the early phase de vel op ment of Sphag num peat, when the wa ter level in creases, as also dem on strated by a study on Jelenia Wyspa mire (Lamentowicz et al. , 2007b). Low pH is a char ac ter is tic fea ture of dystrophic lakes, and in our in ves ti ga tions such con di tions were in di cated by acidophilic taxa such as Arcella artocrea , Assulina muscorum , Amphitrema flavum and Hyalosphenia sp.. This is con sis tent with other stud ies (Lamentowicz and Mitch ell 2005; Glime 2013). It has to be pointed out, how ever, that gen era of amoeba such as Arcella , Assulina , Amphitrema and Hyalosphenia are dom i nant for peatland com mu ni ties. Amphitrema flavum , Assulina muscorum , Assulina seminulum and Hyalosphenia papilio are as so ci ated with the up per parts of Sphag num spec i mens, as de scribed by Mazei and Tsyganov (2007/08). This is in di cated by other stud ies in Po land on peatlands at dif fer ent stages of suc ces sion, where the dom i nant spe cies were Amphitrema flavum , Assulina muscorum , Arcella discoides type, and Hyalosphenia papilio , which to gether rep re sented around 60% of the to tal com mu nity count (Lamentowicz and Mitch ell 2005). Sin gly, in the an a lyzed mar ginal pro files (S 1 and SII 1 ), Nebela (Fig. 4N), Heleopera (Fig. 4M) and Difflugia oc curred. These taxa are char ac ter is tic for Sphag num dom i nated peatlands (Lamentowicz and Mitch ell 2005). How ever, their des ig na tion only to the ge nus does not give enough in for ma tion. Microremains, such as eggs and lorica of Rotatoria, co coons of Turbellaria, spermatophore of Copepoda, and eggs of Tardigrada were non-pol len pallynomorphs of an i mal or i gin. The re mains of Turbellaria were more nu mer ous in sed i ments from the cen tral parts of the stud ied lakes than in sed i ments from the mar ginal parts. Eggs of the rotifer Filli- nia , rec og nized only to the ge nus, do not pro vide rel e vant in for ma tion. Lorica of the rotifer Habrotrocha angusticollis (Fig. 4R) oc curred fre quently in the sed i ments of the mar ginal parts of the in ves ti gated lakes (not in cluded in the di a grams). They are as so ci ated with mosses in Sphag num bogs, marshes, and with float ing mats and an other emer gent veg e ta tion along the shores of lakes and ponds through out the world (Murray 1906; Bartos 1951; Haigh 1963; Chengalath and Koste 1983; Francez 1986; Koste and Shiel 1986; Warner and Chengalath 1988, Lamentowicz et al. , 2007b). The re sults of our study also in di cate that this rotifer is most char ac ter is tic for Sphag num hab i tats. Also sper ma to phores of Copepoda ap peared in Sphag num peat from the stud ied pro files (Fig. 4O). These re mains prob a bly rep re sent dif fer ent spe cies (Van Geel 1978). Pres ent-day copepods have been found, among other places, in the wa ter logged moss layer on peatlands (Rybak and B3êdzki 2005). The re sults of our re search sug gest that they are sphagnobionts, and ap pear in the late-stage of de vel op ment of Sphag num bogs. Macrobiotus harmsworti / richtersi (Fig. 4P), clas si fied by Jankovská (1991) (acc. Montoya et al. , 2010), ap peared only in a few sam ples. Eggs of this Tardigrada have been found in moss and foliose li chen (Mayer 2013). The trans for ma tion of both stud ied lakes, Lake Œlepe and Lake Suchar II, into a dystrophic state at the be gin ning of the Subboreal re sulted in the ap pear ance of or gan isms typ i cal for wa ter with low pH and poor ac cess to light. Dur ing this stage, Sphag num peat started to ac cu mu late in the mar ginal parts of the lakes. This has given rise to the for ma tion of nu mer ous moss com mu ni ties form ing float ing mats, which cre ate a hab i tat for many new or gan isms. In the first stage of dys tro phy, be fore the de vel op ment of Sphag num bog, mainly al gae ( Botryococcus and Pediastrum angulosum var. angulosum ) and some Rotatoria and Turbellaria were ob ...
Context 2
... 2013a, b; Drzymulska et al. , 2014, 2015). The study in cludes a lot of as pects of the his tory of the ex am ined lakes in clud ing changes in trophic state. A part of the pro ject is a pol len anal y sis of sed i ments of Lake Œlepe and Lake Suchar II. Its main pur pose is to iden tify or gan isms lim ited to dystrophic lakes. Par tic u lar em pha sis is placed on the iden ti fi ca tion of non-pol len palynomorphs, which al lows for a de tailed re con struc tion of the changes tak ing place in these wa ter bod ies dur ing dystrophic state. The humic Lake Œlepe (0.6 ha, 5.5 m max. depth, 54°00'35" N, 23°06'46" E) and Lake Suchar II (2.6 ha, 9.5 m max. depth, 54°05'14" N, 23°01'03" E) are lo cated in north-east ern Po land, in Wigry Na tional Park (WNP), near the shore of Lake Wigry, the larg est lake in the na tional park (Fig. 1). The sur face of this area was shaped by the Vistula Gla ci ation, i.e. Weischelian (Marks 2002). WNP lies on the bor der two phys i cal-geo graph ical mesoregions, the East Su- wa3ki Lakeland and the Augustów Up land, which are in cluded to the Lith u a nian Lakeland (Kondracki 1994). The cli mate of this area is tem per ate tran si tional with a ten dency to ward con ti nen tal. It is most se vere across the low land parts of the coun try (Krzysztofiak and Olszewski 1999). The in ves ti gated lakes are char ac ter ized by the zon ing of veg e ta tion with mire plants typ i cal for humic lakes along the sublittoral to lit to ral. The last veg e ta tion zone con sists of marshy co nif er ous for est with Pinus sylvestris , Picea abies and Betula pubescens grow ing on a peat sub stra tum on the mar gin of the lakes. Four sed i ment cores were col lected from the lakes se lected for study. The cores from mar gin parts of lakes (S 1 and SII 1 ) were col lected with a Rus sian corer (Belokopytov and Beresnevich 1955; Jowsey 1965; Aaby and Digerfeldt 1986) with a length of 50 cm and a di am e ter of 8 cm. The length of the cores was 4.38 m for Lake Œlepe and 7.00 m for Lake Suchar II. The drillings in cen tral parts of lakes (S 2 and SII 2 ) were car ried out us ing the Wiêckowski’s probe (Wiêckowski 1989) with a length of 110 cm and a di am e ter of 5 cm. The length of the cores was 5.18 m for Lake Œlepe and 6.10 m for Lake Suchar II. It was nec es sary to sup ple ment the col lected pro files with top lay ers of highly liq ue fied sed i ments that could not be col lected with a Wiêckowski’s probe. The miss ing sed i ments from cen tral part Lake Œlepe – 0.23 m were col lected us ing the Kajak probe. The sed i ments from cen tral part Lake Suchar II were not col lected yet. The age of sed i ments from Lake Suchar Wielki was de ter mined by AMS ra dio car bon method in the Gliwice Ra dio car bon Lab o ra tory, Poznañ Lab o ra tory and Ab so lute Dat ing Lab o ra tory in Ska3a (Tab. 1). OxCal 4.2.3 on line soft ware (Bronk Ramsey 2009) was used to cal i brate the ra dio car bon age of the sam ples. Due to a small num ber of ra dio car bon age de ter mi na tions in the stud ied pro files, the chro nol ogy of events re corded in these pro files has been de ter mined also in di rectly, based on a sim i lar ity be tween pol len spec tra with the ra dio met ri cally well-dated pro file from the nearby Lake Wigry (Kupryjanowicz 2007) and it was pub lished (Drzymulska et al. , 2014, Fi3oc et al. , 2014). The lo cal pol len as sem blage zones from the mar ginal and cen tral parts of lakes were cor re lated in the ear lier pa per (Drzymulska et al. , 2014). Sam ples for pol len anal y sis, 1 cm in size were taken from cores ev ery 2 cm. The prep a ra tion of the sam ples and NON-POL LEN PALYNOMORPHS CHARACTERISTIC their mi cro scopic anal y sis were car ried out in ac cor dance with the stan dard pro ce dure (Berglund and Ralska-Jasiewiczowa 1986). Each sam ple was boiled with 5% KOH, and next treated by Erdtman’s acetolysis method (Faegri and Iversen 1975). The ma te rial was then mounted in glyc er ine. In each sam ple, at least 500 pol len grains of trees and shrubs (AP) and ter res trial herbs (NAP) were counted as well as all other ac com pa ny ing palynomorphs. Pol len and spores were iden ti fied us ing sev eral keys (e.g. Moore et al. , 1991; Beug 2004) and the ref er ence col lec tion of mod ern pol len slides from the De part ment of Bot any, Uni ver sity of Bia3ystok. The non-pol len palynomorphs (NPPs) were ana lysed us ing sev eral keys (e.g. Van Geel 1978; Van Geel et al. , 1981; Komárek and Jankovská 2001; ). The per cent age value of each pol len and non-pol len taxon has been cal cu lated in re la tion to the to tal sum of tree and shrub (AP), and her ba ceous plant pol len (NAP). The re sults are pre sented as per cent age pol len di a grams pre pared with POLPAL 2004 ver. 2011 soft ware (Walanus and Nalepka 1999; Nalepka and Walanus 2003). The di a grams were di vided into spe cial pol len as sem blage zones (S PAZ) (Figs 2, 3) il lus trat ing the changes in the lo cal plant or other or gan ism com mu ni ties with the use of CONISS ap pli ca tion (Grimm 1987). The an a lyzed cores had been shortly de scribed dur ing the field works, and then com pleted af ter clean ing them in the lab o ra tory (Tab. 2). In the sim pli fied pol len di a grams 2 spe cial pol len as sem blage zones based on changes in wa ter and mire taxa (in clud ing NPPs) were dis tin guished for mar ginal part Lake Œlepe Lake (S 1 pro file) and 4 for cen tral part Lake Œlepe (S 2 pro file) (Fig. 2) and 4 for mar ginal part Lake Suchar II (SII 1 pro file) and 4 for cen tral part Lake Suchar II (SII 2 pro file) (Fig. 3). Their short char ac ter is tics are showed in Ta ble 3. Non-pol len palynomorphs (Fig. 4) had a very im por tant role in de ter min ing the spe cial pol len as sem blage zones and subzones. These or gan isms were grouped into four ma jor tax o nomic groups (al gae, fungi, tes tate amoeba, an i mals), which made it pos si ble to trace the changes in trophic sta tus of in ves ti gated lakes and de vel op ment of Sphag num peat. Drzymulska et al. (2015) proved that the trans for ma tion to the dystrophic state in Lake Suchar II took place at the be gin ning of the Subboreal. This trans for ma tion was made pos si ble by the changes in the en vi ron ment that oc curred at this time, e.g. cli mate change to colder and drier. A de crease in av er age tem per a tures and an in crease in the amount of pre cip i ta tion led to the for ma tion of pine for ests with a large share of spruce in this re gion. As we know, the co nif er ous for ests grow ing in the catch ment area are a source of large quan ti ties of humic sub stances (HS) flow ing into the lake (Hagedorn et al. , 2000; Górniak and Zieliñski 2000). Their sig nif i cant sup ply was just one rea son for the sub stan tial shift in the trophic state of the lake stud ied, i.e. the shift to ...
Context 3
... 2 spe cial pol len as sem - blage zones based on changes in wa ter and mire taxa (in clud - ing NPPs) were dis tin guished for mar ginal part Lake OElepe Lake (S 1 pro file) and 4 for cen tral part Lake OElepe (S 2 pro file) ( Fig. 2) and 4 for mar ginal part Lake Suchar II (SII 1 pro file) and 4 for cen tral part Lake Suchar II (SII 2 pro file) (Fig. 3). Their short char ac ter is tics are showed in Ta ble ...
Context 4
... tor of low nu tri ent con - tent, such as in the drier poor fens (Van Geel et al., 1989). Assulina muscorum/seminulum in habit both com mu ni ties de scribed by Mazei and Tsyganov (2007/08) in the Sphag - num peatlands of Rus sia: bot tom sed i ments of the drain age and the Sphag num quag mire (acc. Glime 2013). The re sults from Lake Suchar II (Fig. 3) con firmed that the early stages of Sphag num peatlands were char ac ter ized by wide spread spe cies such as Assulina muscorum and Arcella arenaria, whereas the sphagnobionts, such as Hyalosphenia, were ab - sent ( Mazei and Bubnova 2007;Glime 2013). An other amoeba spe cies, Amphitrema flavum, is char ac ter is tic for young Sphag ...
Citations
... tions (schnitchen et al. 2003;lamentowicz et al. 2007;fiłoc, Kupryjanowicz 2015) and is abundant in high humidity and oligotrophic environments (beyens, meisterfeld 2001;mitchell et al. 2001;lamenowitz, Obremska 2010). A slight increase of Sphagnum is followed by the occurrence of A. flavum, a characteristic amoeba of young Sphagnum peat (fiłoc, Kupryjanowicz 2015). ...
... tions (schnitchen et al. 2003;lamentowicz et al. 2007;fiłoc, Kupryjanowicz 2015) and is abundant in high humidity and oligotrophic environments (beyens, meisterfeld 2001;mitchell et al. 2001;lamenowitz, Obremska 2010). A slight increase of Sphagnum is followed by the occurrence of A. flavum, a characteristic amoeba of young Sphagnum peat (fiłoc, Kupryjanowicz 2015). the presence of Zygnema and Spirogyra additionaly confirmed the prevalence of moist conditions (feeser, O'Connell 2009;feeser, O'Connell 2010;Riera et al. 2006) and stagnant waters (van geel et al. 1989), as was the case with HdV 179 (van geel et al. 1989; wolowski 1998) and Copepoda spermatophore (van geel 1978;Eisner, Peterson 1998: 245-248;lópez-merino et al. 2011). ...
... later, in the upper part of this (sub)zone, some indicators of higher moisture level occurred: Hyalosphenia papilio and Amphitrema flavum, although just periodically. Arcella, Assulina, Amphitrema and Hyalosphenia are dominant amoebae in peatland communities (fiłoc, Kupryjanowicz 2015). the most abundant Assulina muscorum is regarded as typical of the early stages of raised bog formation (mazei, bubnova 2007; glime 2017) and it is recognized as a xerophylous taxa (Kołaczek et al. 2010) found in dry hummocks in different geographical locations (mazei, tsyganov, 2006;Amesbury et al. 2016). ...
This paper presents the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a mire sequence near the village Blatuša, with a focus on changes in vegetation
composition, hydrological regime and fire history of the Banovina/Kordun area during the last two millennia. For this purpose, pollen,
non-pollen and charcoal analysis were done. By the application of CONISS statistical analysis three different pollen assemblage (sub)zones
could have been distinguished: a dominance of alder-beech/oaks from the 2nd to the middle of the 7th century, followed by a prevalence of
grasses-beech/oaks till the end of the 13th century. Finally, an assemblage of grasses-hornbeam/oaks populated the area from the 14th to the
beginning of the 20th century. The high abundance of peat mosses (Sphagnum) from the 11th to the end of the 14th century must indicate
increased precipitation and higher frequencies of rainfall during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Transition from an ombrotrophic to minerotrophic
phase of mire evolution during the Little Ice Age is caused by changing in moisture level, with somewhat wetter period prevailing till the
middle of the 17th century followed by drier conditions till the beginning of the 20th century. Although cereal pollen grains first appear from the
layers dated to the late 14th century and the proportion of secondary anthropogenic indicators were low during the entire Middle Ages, a large
number of charcoal particles suggests stronger anthropogenic activity than indicated by observed changes in vegetation composition. Still,
a sharp rise of non-arboreal pollen during the Migration period most likely reflect a general natural succession process on mire surface than
persuable proof of Avaric-Slavic impact on vegetation. Direct anthropogenic pressure indicated by weeds and cereal pollen can be tracked
from the Late Middle Ages onwards.
... The succession of lakes entails changes in the lake-dwelling fauna (Kowalik, 1968;Pakulnicka & Bartnik, 1999;Ranta, 1985;Kordylas, 1990;Lundkvist, Landin & Milberg, 2001;Pakulnicka & Zawal, 2007). This problem is rarely raised in research, and when it is, it most often consists of brief studies into zooplankton (e.g., Demetraki-Paleolog, 2012;Kuczyńska-Kippen, 2008;Jasser, 1997;Lepistö & Saura, 1998;Odland & Del Moral, 2002;Fiłoc & Kupryjanowicz, 2015). More detailed investigations pertaining to changes in lake fauna during consecutive seral stages are conducted on anthropogenic rather than natural ecosystems (Pakulnicka, 2008;Bloechl et al., 2010;Buczyński, 2015;Pakulnicka, Górski & Bielecki, 2015b). ...
Dystrophic lakes undergo natural disharmonic succession, in the course of which an increasingly complex and diverse, mosaic-like pattern of habitats evolves. In the final seral stage, the most important role is played by a spreading Sphagnum mat, which gradually reduces the lake's open water surface area. Long-term transformations in the primary structure of lakes cause changes in the structure of lake-dwelling fauna assemblages. Knowledge of the succession mechanisms in lake fauna is essential for proper lake management. The use of fractal concepts helps to explain the character of fauna in relation to other aspects of the changing complexity of habitats. Our 12-year-long study into the succession of water beetles has covered habitats of 40 selected lakes which are diverse in terms of the fractal dimension. The taxonomic diversity and density of lake beetles increase parallel to an increase in the fractal dimension. An in-depth analysis of the fractal structure proved to be helpful in explaining the directional changes in fauna induced by the natural succession of lakes. Negative correlations appear between the body size and abundance. An increase in the density of beetles within the higher dimension fractals is counterbalanced by a change in the size of individual organisms. As a result, the biomass is constant, regardless of the fractal dimension.
... Dystrophic lakes belong to a disharmonic successional sequence, leading through polyhumic lakes to transitional and raised bogs. In this type of succession, the lake also becomes shallower and overgrown, which increases the variation in environmental parameters (Kajak 1998;Banaś 2007;Fiłoc and Kupryjanowicz 2015). These lakes are typically located in forest or Sphagnum bog catchments. ...
... Moreover, the presence of a floating peat mat is typical of dystrophic lakes. Its presence in the littoral zone and its character (width, length and compactness) may indicate the lake's ecological age (Fiłoc and Kupryjanowicz 2015). Also contributing to the ecological conditions of a lake are the physical and chemical parameters of the water, which are substantially affected by the conditions prevailing in the surrounding catchment (Gąbka and Owsianny 2006). ...
... Group succession is well identified for plants and zooplankton (e.g. Jasser 1997;Hillbricht-Ilkowska et al. 1998;Lepistö and Saura 1998;Odland and del Moral 2002;Kuczyńska-Kippen 2008;Demetraki-Paleolog 2012;Fiłoc and Kupryjanowicz 2015), but knowledge of succession in invertebrate groups remains scarce. Some attempts at comparing macrofauna groups in dystrophic lakes with lakes of different trophic status have been made (Kowalik 1968;Kornijów 1988;Czachorowski 1998Czachorowski , 2010Joniak and Domek 2006;Domek et al. 2008;Koszałka 2012), but only the works of Nalepa (1987), Pakulnicka and Bartnik (1999) and Soldán et al. (2012) discuss long-term changes in the macrozoobenthos of lakes, and only one paper (Soldán et al. 2012) deals directly with dystrophic lakes. ...
Directional changes in environmental conditions during individual stages of the succession of lakes should determine the character of the aquatic beetle fauna inhabiting them. Can changes in environmental conditions lead to degradation of fauna and to a deterioration of the ecological quality of lakes? We analysed this problem in 40 lakes. The fauna of the lakes proved to be rich and diverse in terms of species. Deterioration of species richness along successional stages was not observed, but distinct changes were noted in faunal composition. The eurytopic component proved stable, whereas changes in specialised components (i.e. lake and river species and tyrphophiles) were of key importance. The formation of beetle communities in the lakes was influenced to a greater extent by environmental factors, namely substrate, macrophyte structure and Sphagnum mat cover, than by the physical parameters of the water (pH, saturation or conductivity). The lakes proved to be of considerable ecological value. Regardless of the stage of succession, they are a habitat for numerous species, including rare and endangered ones. Hence, on the one hand humic lakes play an important role in local biodiversity, whereas on the other hand they may be perceived as refuges for species in environments that could be restored as a result of beneficial measures.
Additional keywords: biodiversity, biomonitoring, ecosystem processes, littoral zone.
... The further deterioration of climatic conditions (HM-9 L PAZ; WF by Menke and Tynni, 1984;EV1 by Mamakowa, 1989; HM-6 L MAZ ) is documented by the presence of Betula nana and Hippophaë rhamnoides remains. There was a strong deforestation and the development and spreading of heathland on acid and dry soils, which is evidenced by numerous of Entoplyctis fungi, occurs on Ericaceae growing on the shores of dystrophic lakes (Van Geel, 1978;Fiłoc and Kupryjanowicz, 2015). ...
... The further deterioration of climatic conditions (HM-9 L PAZ; WF by Menke and Tynni, 1984;EV1 by Mamakowa, 1989; HM-6 L MAZ) is documented by the presence of Betula nana and Hippo-pha€ e rhamnoides remains. There was a strong deforestation and the development and spreading of heathland on acid and dry soils, which is evidenced by numerous of Entoplyctis fungi, occurs on Ericaceae growing on the shores of dystrophic lakes (Van Geel, 1978;Fiłoc and Kupryjanowicz, 2015). The trees excluding Pinus, practically withdrew. ...
Please cite this article in press as: Börner, A., et al., Palaeoecological investigations and 230Th/U dating of the Eemian Interglacial peat sequence from Neubrandenburg-Hinterste Mühle (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, NE Germany), Quaternary International (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.04.003
The Eemian Interglacial sequence was explored in the gravel pit ‘Neubrandenburg-Hinterste Mühle’ near Neubrandenburg (NE Germany). The sequence is situated in a former kettle hole depression between underlying Late Saalian till (s. str. Warthe) covered by a Late Weichselian till. Today still visible a 3 m long and max. 2 m wide profile is located on the edge of the former Eemian depression. The limnic sedimentation began during the Late Saalian in a landscape characterized by open herbaceous vegetation. Cool, clear and calcium carbonate-rich lake water dominated, inhabited by Characeae that indicates a presence of stonewort meadows, most typical of waters up to 10 m in depth. The beginning of the Eemian Interglacial succession was characterized by a dominance of scarce birch forest followed by pine forest. The beginning of the mesocratic phase of the Eemian was characterized by the appearance of warm climate indicators and by the development of thermophilic forest communities dominated by oak forest with the appearance of warm climate indicators. The ensuing climate optimum was defined by the encroachment of hazel-oak forest and later by mixed deciduous forest. Limnic sedimentation ceased in the basin during this phase and the end of predominantly limnic conditions is marked by a decrease in the frequency of aquatic plants and an increase in the amount of brown mosses. During the interglacial optimum mixed forests reigned. This phase bears a record of oligotrophication leading to transition mire and raised bog and the aquatic plants vanished. The depression gradually became shallower and was overgrown by a forest cover. During the telocratic phase of the Eemian, communities with pine, birch and fir spread. The end of the interglacial was characterized by a disappearance of the riparian forest and a sporadic appearance of reedswamp plants. At the beginning of the Early Weichselian, a deterioration of climatic conditions resulted in the formation of widespread heaths on acid soils and trees disappeared. In the studied basin the water level fluctuated. The Hinterste Mühle sequence shows the development of a small kettle hole lake and its transformation to an overgrowing mire, including terrestrialization processes, during the Eemian Interglacial. The U/Th data obtained for five samples from the upper part of the studied profile, which have been analyzed by the TSD technique, has yielded an age of 116 ± 13/10 kyr. This date reflects the classification into the second half of the Eemian Interglacial and the Early Weichselian for the upper part of peat formation.
... Ten typ mikrofosyliów w ostatnich latach opisywany jest jako szczątki (zarodnie) grzyba z rodzaju Desmidiospora bądź też Entophlyctis lobata (Zimny 2014;Shumilovskikh i in. 2015;Fiłoc, Kupryjanowicz 2015). Jak podają Fiłoc i Kupryjanowicz (2015), identyfikacja taksonomiczna hdV 13 jest problematyczna, ponieważ podobnie wyglądające struktury wykształca szereg grzybów (np. ...
... 2001;Shumilovskikh i in. 2015;Fiłoc, Kupryjanowicz 2015). Większość z nich stanowią bowiem gatunki występujące w torfowiskach na świecie (m.in. ...
This article is the first approach analyzing the non-pollen palynomorphs types (NPP) occurring in palynological samples from the peats profiles of the Lublin Polesie region, which are substantial bioindicators of paleohydrological changes in the Holocene. The analysis of NPP was made in peat samples from three sites: Płotycze, Mytycze and Durne Bagno. A dozen or so NPPs types have been described, among which there were microfossils of animal origin: Habrotrocha angusticolis, Copepoda spermatophores, Turbellaria and testate amoebae: (Assulina muscorum, Arcella artocrea, Arcella discoides, Archerella flavum) and also microfossils of fungal origin: Microthyrium, HdV 13, Helicoon pluriseptatum, Bryophytomyces sphagni. Diagrams of percentage participation of NPPs in the three profiles (Figs. 3-5) allowed to distinguish NPPs zones with variable participation of particular types of NPPs and to interpret them against the background of selected pollen types of water and rush vegetation as well as Sphagnum spores for paleohydrological changes. The highest variability of paleohydrological conditions was recorded in the Durne Bagno peat bog. The same types of non-pollen palynomorphs are common in peat bogs of the European Lowlands. Most of them are cosmopolitan species. Identified NPPs in peat bogs of the Lublin Polesie are in accordance with the descriptions provided by the international determination keys. © 2017 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej w Lublinie. All rights reserved.
A thin local seam in the early Eocene lignite succession of the opencast mine Schöningen-Südfeld (Lower Saxony, northern Germany) revealed pollen and spore assemblages of low diversity. They are characterized by an abundance of Sphagnum-type spores, especially Tripunctisporis, and fern and lycopod spores together with the common occurrence of pollen of Ericaceae, Restionaceae and Droseraceae. Well-preserved fragments of Sphagnum leaves are common and loricae of Habrotrocha-like bdelloid rotifers have been recorded occasionally. We reconstruct an ombrogenous domed peat bog maintained by prolific growth of Sphagnum in association with a rich fern cover, oligotrophic and acidophilic plants as well as insectivorous plants indicating severe nutrient deficiency. This resembles in many respects an Eocene equivalent of a Quaternary high latitude Sphagnum bog. In view of the significant amount of Restionaceae pollen, however, it appears more similar to southern hemisphere restionad bogs. The total lack of a waterlogged layer in the highly permeable substrate strongly argues in favour of a purely rain-fed ombrogenous peat bog. The required high precipitation in combination with frequent wildfires as evidenced by the abundance of charcoal, however, suggests a highly stressed hydrological cycle under an alternating wet/dry climate close to the alleged Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO).
