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Emerging nanoadsorbent materials could be promising tools for the treatment of numerous water contaminants, including heavy metal ions, dyes, bacteria, and fungi, due to their unique characteristics such as size, shape, surface modification, and specific surface area. The smaller size of the materials with larger surface area and more active sites...
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Chirality has become an important research subject. The research areas associated with chirality are under substantial development. Meanwhile, graphene is a rapidly growing star material and has hard‐wired into diverse disciplines. Rational combination of graphene and chirality undoubtedly creates unprecedented functional materials and may also lea...
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... Adsorption is one of the most widely used remediation methods because it is highly efficient, convenient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly [9,10]. Most common organic adsorbents are activated carbon derivatives [11]. Many inorganic adsorbents and metal oxide-based nanomaterials have been tried and tested by researchers in the past [12]. ...
Heavy metal toxicity in water is a serious problem that may have harmful effects on human health and the ecosystem. Lead [Pb(II)] and cadmium [Cd(II)] are two such heavy metal ions, present in water, whose severity is well-known and well-studied. In the current research, magnetic biochar composite (MBC) is studied as an adsorbent material for the effective removal of lead and cadmium ions from water solutions. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and pine-needle-derived ultrasonicated magnetic biochar were used in different weight ratios to prepare APTES (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane)-functionalized MBC (FMBC). An average crystalline size of ~10 nm for magnetite NPs was obtained via XRD analysis. The adsorption characteristics of both Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions were investigated in a batch experiment. The FTIR spectra of raw biochar, MBC, FMBC, and metal-loaded FMBC were obtained at different stages. The decrease in the intensity of the –NH2 functional group in the FTIR spectra of the residue confirmed the successful adsorption of heavy metal ions. The SEM-EDX spectra of the residue showed the uniform adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) heavy metal ions onto the surface of the adsorbent. Magnetic biochar composite (MBC) was found to be a very effective adsorbent at basic pH, as a maximum of 97% instantaneous heavy metal removal was observed for both ions in synthetic water solutions. The Langmuir isotherm model predicted the monolayer adsorption and good affinity between the metal ions and adsorbent. The prepared MBC is low-cost, environmentally friendly, and it has shown good adsorption performance. Therefore, our study suggests that the magnetic biochar composite under study is an effective adsorbent for lead and cadmium metal ion removal from aqueous solutions at normal room temperature. Only a few hundred milligrams of the adsorbent dose is sufficient to remove higher concentrations (~100 ppm) of lead and cadmium at basic pH conditions of aqueous solutions.
... The NMs may overcome the limitations of commercially available drugs and diagnostic assays. Such NMs have been used in progressive cancer therapy and new diagnostic tools for early-stage cancer detection [9,10,14,17,[43][44][45]. Recently, 2D-NMs have attracted numerous attentions due to their physical properties and ultra-thin structure. ...
Incessant rising in morbidity and mortality rates in humans due to various types of cancers requires effective treatments and early-stage diagnosis. The chemotherapy is typically unable to cure tumors or improve survival rates due to its adverse effects on normal cells. Moreover, existing technologies are less sensitive and ineffective in detecting the early stage of tumor malignancy, which is also one of the main reasons for disease progression. In this context, quantitative and qualitative analysis of cancer is essential for both early detection and treatment. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NMs) are a potential candidate for the treatment and detection of cancer because of their distinctive physicochemical properties, including high surface area, easily functionalized surface, high photo-thermal ability high ion mobility, tunable release behaviors, and high biocompatibility. The combined effects of targeted drug delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, imaging, and 2D-NMs chemotherapy have great possibilities in treating and diagnosing cancer. Herein, we discuss the synthesis of 2D-NMs using top-down (which includes mechanical, liquid, chemical oxidation, and electrochemical exfoliation) and (2) bottom-up (involves CVD and wet chemical synthesis process) approach. The biocompatibility of the 2D-NMs, anti-cancer applications which involves their role as biosensors (electrochemical, fluorescent), drug and gene delivery, and photothermal agents. Biocompatibility and possible practical solutions for cancer diagnosis as well as cures are also discussed. Therefore, this review article provides a newer insight of real time cancer diagnostic and treatment (limitation and challenges) using 2D-NMs.
... Recently, several researchers focusing synthesizing 2D materials mainly AgBiP2Se6 monolayer, BiOCl based nanosheet, Cu nanosheets, 2D-NiO, 2D/2D Z-scheme SnNb2O6/Bi2WO6 system, MOS2, MOSe2, WS2, WO3, graphene, and Graphene Oxide (GO) for various end applications such as environment, energy, and biomedical [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. These studies are in good agreement with the use of 2D materials as an eff ective charge transport layer to apply as environment, energy, and biomedical application. ...
Recently 2D materials are booming in the field of energy, environment, and biomedical application. Incorporation of metal/non-metal within 2D materials significantly influences the physical and chemical properties, making them intriguing materials for various applications. The advancement of 2D material requires strategic modification by manipulating the electronic structure, which remains a challenge. Herein, we describe 2D materials for the environment, energy, and biomedical application. A predominant aim of this short communication is to summarize the literature on the advanced environment, energy, and biomedical application (especially COVID-19).
All species on this planet, both living and non-living, require water. It is well known that the availability of clean water sources is dwindling and that the rapid development of industry and technology has increased the number of hazardous effluents released into the environment. Before being released into the environment, industrial, agricultural, and municipal wastewater must be treated to remove dangerous contaminants such as organic colours, pharmaceutical wastes, inorganic compounds, and heavy metal ions. They pose major threats to human health and can pollute our environment if not controlled. Membrane filtration is a tried-and-true technique for removing germs and numerous hazardous substances from water. Carbon nanoparticles are used in wastewater treatment because of the promising surface area of sorbents. With the growth of nanotechnology, carbon nanomaterials (CNM) are being created and used in membrane filtration (MF) for effluent treatment before being terminated. To remove wastewater contaminants, this paper investigates using CNMs such as fullerenes, graphene’s, and CNTs. By examining sorption rate, selectivity, permeability, antimicrobial disinfectant properties, and environmental compatibility, we concentrate on these CNM-based membranes and this approach due to its attributes and utilization and how they can improve the performance of the frequently used membrane filtration system.
The demand for food continuously increased with increasing the population globally. Significant effort has been made to improve the productivity of the crops using genetic engineering, breeding, and improving agriculture practices. Usually, crops can absorb and use light to provide nutrition to crops. However, the negative impact of climate changes on agriculture remains a concern. In this context, emerging nanomaterials might be a strategic tool that increases the use of the light source. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs), mainly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and fullerenes, are extensively used for improving the yield of crops (plant growth and development) by increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, incorporating metal and polymers within the CBNMs might improve photosynthetic efficiency, thereby developing and growing the crops. It is considered a unique tool in improving the nutrient uptake and translocation to achieve proper growth of plants in agroecosystem and potential application in crop improvement.
One of the essential tasks while practicing agricultural sustainability is maintaining nutrition quality while improving crop growth and production, as nutritional deficiencies within the plants are serious threats that affect human health. In this context, carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, etc., and their metallic, non-metallic composites have great potential to improve crop production as well as nutritional quality due to their significant properties such as high surface polarity, large pore size distribution, translocation, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, and binding at the target site due to opposite polarity. Herein, we discuss the CNMs and their role in improving the nutrition quality of the plant. The participation of CNMs and their composites in several nutrition cycles inside the plant and their working direction have also been discussed in detail. This chapter also summarizes the toxic effects of engineered CNMs in plants and their ultimate development in the nutritional quality of the crop. Comparison of a wide range of CNMs applied to improve the quality of crops production and their nutritional values.
Currently, several researchers are interested in developing newer types of materials that consist of a group of compounds such as cluster or metal ions, which are incorporated with organic ligands to produce one- (1D) or two- (2D), or three-dimensional (3D) structures such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The flexible bonds between inorganic and organic units produce MOFs that can easily tune porosity, chemical, and thermal stability. Moreover, an appropriate selection of components makes suitable materials for end applications. The structures, building units, and chemical composition shows the synergetic effects of MOFs. The intrinsic structure and uniform pores offer biomimetic activity with high quality and extraordinary stability. Recently, copper-based MOFs (Cu-MOFs) have been extensively used in various applications especially environmental remediation processes, for the separation of toxic substances from both gas and aqueous phase, sensors, killing or inhibiting bacteria, medical, and energy. In this book chapter, we focus on the synthesis of Cu-MOFs and their application mainly in environments. Finally, we discuss electrochemical and calorimetric sensors for the detection of environmental pollutants and prospects.
The present work describes the synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) assisted Fe-BiOI based Fe/Bi-povidone‑iodine (Fe/Bi-P-I) micro-flowers based composite and its photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. The Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite material was synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. The prepared Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite materials were characterized using various characterization techniques and tested against photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye and antibacterial analysis. The PVP or povidone‑iodine provides more exposure of reactive sites and oxygen vacancies, which leads to a high separation rate of photoinduced charge carriers, and migration, thereby 100% of photodegradation efficiency at 1 mg/L initial concentration of RhB dye towards the synthesized P-Fe-BiOI based micro-flowers composite. Interestingly, Povidone-Iodine in Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite might be advantageous for antimicrobial activity against both gram-negative (E. coli), and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacterial strains. Therefore, the prepared Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite improved both photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants as well as high antimicrobial activity. The method of synthesizing the Bi/Fe-P-I micro flower composite in the present study is novel, facile, and economically viable.
