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erythema score and number of apoptotic cells from skin biopsy at the 3 MED site; skin erythema was determined by der- mospectrophotometric measurement of the three irradiated sites 24 h post-UVR-exposure at baseline and 8 weeks; data presented as least square means AE SE with ranges in parentheses
Source publication
Background:
The human body relies on several aging defense mechanisms (ADMs) to limit damage induced from pro-aging stressors (aging aggressors). However, such protective mechanisms can be compromised, leading to accelerated aging. The skin provides a model to probe the effects of an oral nutritional intervention on ADMs in response to ultraviolet...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... erythema There were no differences between baseline and 8 weeks of supplementation in the normal skin read- ings at the nonexposed, 0 MED site (P = 0.75). How- ever, there was a trend toward less erythema between baseline and 8 weeks at the one MED site (P = 0.10) and significantly less erythema at 8 weeks compared to baseline at the two MED (P = 0.02) and three MED exposure sites (P = 0.01, Table 1). ...Context 2
... were significantly fewer apoptotic cells at the 3MED UVR exposure site following supplementation compared to baseline, 11.3 AE 0.9 cells/mm 2 SE (range of 3-31) at baseline; 5.3 AE 1.0 cells/mm 2 SE (range of 0-13) at 8 weeks (P < 0.0001), representing a 50% reduction in the number of apoptotic cells following 8- week supplementation (Table 1). ...Context 3
... this study, the cellular injury was induced by UVR exposure and erythema was quantified as a mar- ker of inflammation. Following supplementation for 8 weeks, there was a marked reduction in erythema at the sites of UVR exposure (Table 1) with a correspond- ing reduction in erythema outside of the UVR exposed area at all three doses of UVR. Figure 2 shows photographs of two representative participants' skin erythema 24 h post-UVR exposure with 0 MED, one MED, two MED, and three MED. The marked reduction in erythema outside the injury site (inflammation) after 8-week supplementation is positive evidence that the novel nutritional and phytonutrient blend provided benefits beyond the UVR exposure site by attenuating damage and modulating the inflammatory response. ...Citations
... [33] 2017 Human The product rich in lycopene reduced the intensity of erythema formation. [34] 2016 Rat ...
Aging is generally defined as a time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms. The positive increase in life expectancy has brought along aging-related diseases. Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can be given as one of the causes of aging. At the same time, the increase in oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is main reason for the increase in aging-related diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, liver, skin, and eye diseases and diabetes. Carotenoids, a natural compound, can be used to change the course of aging and aging-related diseases, thanks to their highly effective oxygen-quenching and ROS-scavenging properties. Therefore, in this narrative review, conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases and complying with the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines, the effects of carotenoids on aging and aging-related diseases were analyzed. Carotenoids are fat-soluble, highly unsaturated pigments that occur naturally in plants, fungi, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. A large number of works have been conducted on carotenoids in relation to aging and aging-related diseases. Animal and human studies have found that carotenoids can significantly reduce obesity and fatty liver, lower blood sugar, and improve liver fibrosis in cirrhosis, as well as reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and erythema formation, while also lowering glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose levels. Carotenoid supplementation may be effective in preventing and delaying aging and aging-related diseases, preventing and treating eye fatigue and dry eye disease, and improving macular function. These pigments can be used to stop, delay, or treat aging-related diseases due to their powerful antioxidant, restorative, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. As an increasingly aging population emerges globally, this review could provide an important prospective contribution to public health.
... Radiotherapy can cause damage to cilia and mucus-secreting cell functions, which may end up in CRS. [37][38][39] However, we believe that radiotherapy induced CRS has at most a minor impact as the majority of patients stated excellent nasal breathing and those with impaired orthonasal function showed no CRS typical alterations at available paranasal sinuses CT scans. Certain limitations, however, need to be addressed based on the experimental nature of this study. ...
Objective:
To evaluate potential interactions and compensatory mechanisms of subjectively impaired taste function with ortho- and retronasal olfaction after glossectomy.
Study design:
In this cross-sectional pilot study, chemosensory functions were assessed in 25 patients with tongue carcinomas after glossectomy. The orthonasal-, retronasal-, and gustatory functions were tested with a mean time of 25 months after surgery with the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test kit (ISST), the Candy Smell-27 test (CST-27) and the Taste strip test (TST). Visual analog scales (VAS) were additionally used for self-assessment of taste, flavor perception, and odor ranging from 0 (no perception) to 10 (excellent perception) and further correlated with our psychophysical evaluated outcome measures.
Results:
The TST, ISST, and CST-27 tests revealed that only eight (32%) and 13 (52%) glossectomy patients had normal taste and orthonasal function, e 21 (84%) patients showed normal retronasal function. Importantly, neither extent of resection and reconstruction nor prior radiotherapy affected chemosensory functions. Contrary, 20 (80%) patients rated their taste and flavor perception as acceptable (VAS >5). Results of the TST, ISST, and CST-27 tests did not correlate with the equivalent self-assessments of taste (p = 0.260, r = 0.234), odor (p = 0.588, r = -0.114), and flavor (p = 0.728, r = 0.073) perception.
Conclusion:
There was a significant discrepancy between self-perception of taste and flavor and assessed gustatory function after glossectomy. A contribution of the intact retronasal olfactory system could be a possible explanation of our results.
Level of evidence:
4 Laryngoscope, 2022.
... Previous studies have implemented and confirmed the accuracy of this technology, favoured due to its non-invasiveness. 13,18,26,28 Pre-surgical Supplementation Guidelines and Readings All patients were tested at time points 0 days and at 6 weeks following supplementation. A comprehensive 6-week presurgical supplementation kit developed specifically for dental use was used (Dentamedica) according to the manufacturer's instructions. ...
Purpose:
Accumulating evidence has shown that vitamin D deficiency has been linked with an up to 300% increase in early implant failure. The aim of this study was to investigate a comprehensive pre-surgical dental support program (DentaMedica) on its ability to increase vitamin D and antioxidant levels prior to implant surgery.
Materials and methods:
Twenty patients were enrolled in this study. To quantify vitamin D levels, two in-office vitamin D finger-prick tests (10-15 min in length) were compared to levels obtained from a standard laboratory blood test. An antioxidant testing device was also utilised to investigate the impact of this pre-surgical supplementation program on antioxidant scores 0 and 6 weeks post supplementation.
Results:
It was first found that 65% of the population had an initial vitamin D deficiency (below 30 ug/ml). After supplementation, vitamin D levels increased from an average of 24.76 ng/ml to 50.11 ng/ml (ranging from 38 to 85.50 ng/ml). No statsitcally significant differences were observed between any of the 3 testing devices (2 in-office finger-prick tests and a standard blood sample). Initial antioxidant levels registered on the biophotonic unit averaged an antioxidant score of 27250 ± 10992.22. Following supplementation, an increase of 54% from baseline values (41950 ± 9276.31) was reported.
Conclusion:
The results from this study show convincingly that the majority of the tested population was vitamin D deficient. It was further found that both in-office finger-prick devices demonstrated results comparable to standard lab scores (usually within an average 2-3 ng/ml). Following supplementation, all patients reached sufficient levels following this 4-6 week pre-surgical supplementation program specific to implant dentistry.
... The composition of the micronutrient blend has been previously published [7] the blend is composed of: ultra-pure fish oil concentrate standardized to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decosahexanoic acid (DHA), resveratrol (from Polygonum cuspidatum root), quercetin (from Dimorphandra mollis fruit extract), purple corn (Zea mays L.) cob extract, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract, citrus bioflavonoids (naringin and hesperidin), coenzyme Q 10 , alpha lipoic acid, astaxanthin (a carotenoid from Haematococcus pluvialis algae), lycopene (a carotenoid), lutein (a carotenoid from Marigold flower (Targetes erecta), vitamin D 3 (as cholecalciferol), vitamin K 2 (as menaquinone-7) and d-limonene (from citrus sinensis peel oil); doses are described in Table 1. ...
... In addition, in establishing the doses for the C. elegans study, no toxic levels of the supplement were identified (see methods). Furthermore, the safety as well as the efficacy of this mixture for other biomarkers of health has been tested and confirmed in humans [7], but experiments investigating the possibility that this CR mimetic may be useful to increase the healthspan long-term in humans remains a longer-term goal. ...
Background:
We previously described a novel micronutrient blend that behaves like a putative calorie restriction mimetic. The aim of this paper was to analyze the beneficial effects of our micronutrient blend in mice and C. elegans, and compare them with calorie restriction.
Methods:
Whole transcriptomic analysis was performed in the brain cortex, skeletal muscle and heart in three groups of mice: old controls (30 months), old + calorie restriction and old + novel micronutrient blend. Longevity and vitality were tested in C. elegans.
Results:
The micronutrient blend elicited transcriptomic changes in a manner similar to those in the calorie-restricted group and different from those in the control group. Subgroup analysis revealed that nuclear hormone receptor, proteasome complex and angiotensinogen genes, all of which are known to be directly related to aging, were the most affected. Furthermore, a functional analysis in C. elegans was used. We found that feeding C. elegans the micronutrient blend increased longevity as well as vitality.
Conclusions:
We describe a micronutrient supplement that causes similar changes (transcriptomic and promoting longevity and vitality) as a calorie restriction in mice and C. elegans, respectively, but further studies are required to confirm these effects in humans.
... Possibly, in this study by Kasai et al. 4 weeks of pomegranate consumption was not long enough to see a significant change. Another human study demonstrated that oral consumption of a phytonutrient blend containing omega-3 fatty acids, resveratrol, quercetin, and other polyphenols led to protection against UVR-induced skin damage 31 . ...
In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that topical application and oral consumption of pomegranate reduces UVB-induced skin damage. We therefore investigated if oral pomegranate consumption will reduce photodamage from UVB irradiation and alter the composition of the skin microbiota in a randomized controlled, parallel, three-arm, open label study. Seventy-four female participants (30–45 years) with Fitzpatrick skin type II-IV were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 1000 mg of pomegranate extract (PomX), 8 oz of pomegranate juice (PomJ) or placebo for 12 weeks. Minimal erythema dose (MED) and melanin index were determined using a cutometer (mexameter probe). Skin microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. The MED was significantly increased in the PomX and PomJ group compared to placebo. There was no significant difference on phylum, but on family and genus level bacterial composition of skin samples collected at baseline and after 12 week intervention showed significant differences between PomJ, PomX and placebo. Members of the Methylobacteriaceae family contain pigments absorbing UV irradiation and might contribute to UVB skin protection. However, we were not able to establish a direct correlation between increased MED and bacterial abundance. In summary daily oral pomegranate consumption may lead to enhanced protection from UV photodamage.
... On the contrary, a large number of phytochemicals were reported to possess antioxidant properties by averting the continuation of the free radical chain reaction upon contact [200]. In humans, a phytonutrient mix tested as an ageing defense mechanism in UV radiation-induced skin damage was evaluated positively as it provided antioxidant protection and cellular repair as well as modulated inflammation [201]. ...
Pelvic radiotherapy has been frequently reported to cause acute and late onset gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of pelvic radiation-induced GI toxicity are poorly understood, they are known to involve a complex interplay between all cell types comprising the intestinal wall. Furthermore, increasing evidence states that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation-induced health damaging effects. Gut microbial dysbiosis leads to diarrhea and fatigue in half of the patients. As a result, reinforcement of the microbiome has become a hot topic in various medical disciplines. To counteract GI radiotoxicities, apart from traditional pharmacological compounds, adjuvant therapies are being developed including food supplements like vitamins, prebiotics, and probiotics. Despite the easy, cheap, safe, and feasible approach to protect patients against acute radiation-induced toxicity, clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. In this review, a detailed overview is given of the various clinical, intestinal manifestations after pelvic irradiation as well as the role of the gut microbiome herein. Furthermore, whilst discussing possible strategies to prevent these symptoms, food supplements are presented as auspicious, prophylactic, and therapeutic options to mitigate acute pelvic radiation-induced GI injury by exploring their molecular mechanisms of action.
... 18,19 Therefore, supplementation of exogenous antioxidants such as phytonutrients, dietary polyphenols, green tea polyphenols, and tea polyphenols increases endogenous antioxidant activity and thwarts the UV radiationinduced inflammation, immunosuppression, skin cancer, and aging. [20][21][22][23] In addition to antioxidant activity, polyphenols also possess immunomodulatory and vasodilatory properties, which reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. 24 Extracts obtained from silk cocoons are known to possess different biological properties such as antioxidation and inhibition of tumor progression, lipid peroxidation, and elastase and tyrosinase activities. ...
Topical delivery of potent antioxidants maintains the redox balance of the skin, which leads to the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression and prevent UV radiation-induced photoaging. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory role of silk cocoon extract (SCE) isolated from the Antheraea assamensis (AA), Bombyx mori (BM), and Philosamia ricini (PR) silk varieties against UV radiation-induced MMPs expression. Incubation of elastase and hyaluronidase with Antheraea assamensis silk cocoon extract (AASCE) inhibited their 50% activity. Assessment of total collagen content using Sirius red assay showed that the AASCE (10 µg/mL) and Philosamia ricini silk cocoon extract (PRSCE) (100 µg/mL) post-treatment significantly enhanced total collagen content in UVA1 and UVB irradiated HDF cells. Whereas, BM silk cocoon extract (BMSCE) (100 µg/mL) post-treatment significantly enhanced total collagen content in UVA1-irradiated HDF cells. Gene expression studies showed that AASCE and PRSCE post-treatment downregulated the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and MMP-1 and upregulated procollagen genes in UV irradiated HDF cells. Gelatin zymography study displayed that AASCE post-treatment downregulated the release of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by HaCaT cells. Overall results validate that the AASCE efficiently shields UV radiation-induced collagen and elastin degradation by downregulation MMPs expression, substantiating its further use as a potent antioxidant complement in the skin care formulations.
Lycopene as a natural antioxidant that have been studied for ultraviolet radiation (UVR) photo protection and is one of the most effective carotenoids to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review aims to summarize the protective effect of tomato and lycopene on skin photo damage and skin photoaging in healthy subjects by reviewing the existing population intervention experiments. A total of five electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched from inceptions to January 2021 without any restriction. Out of 19336 publications identified, 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were meta-analysis. Overall, interventions supplementing tomato and lycopene were associated with significant reductions in Δa*, MMP-1, ICAM-1 and skin pigmentation; while tomato and lycopene supplementation were associated with significant increase in MED, skin thickness and skin density. Based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, supplementation with tomato and lycopene could reduce skin erythema formation and improve the appearance and pigmentation of the skin, thereby preventing light-induced skin photodamage and skin photoaging. Lycopene-rich products could be used as endogenous sun protection and may be a potential nutraceutical for sun protection.
Diet and oral supplementation can influence skin appearance. The skin is one of the largest organs in the body and is exposed to many environmental factors affecting its appearance and health. Dietary deficiency of many of the essential nutrients was first noted because of disruption of skin integrity or by a change in the skin's appearance. Products designed to delay or reverse the signs of aging are in high demand, and one of the leading consumer concerns is skin aging. Oral intake of lipids and lipid‐soluble vitamins has long proved beneficial for skin. Diets containing high amounts of refined sugars may predispose skin to premature aging through the formation of advanced glycation end products. Nutrients provided in the diet or through dietary supplements can provide protection for the skin against UV radiation and benefits to overall skin health and appearance, and in some cases can reverse a wrinkled or aged appearance.
Background:
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common post-radiotherapy (RT) side effect in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). However, whether RT is a risk factor for CRS in patients with other types of head and neck cancer remains unclear. This study investigated the association, if any, between CRS and RT in patients with head and neck cancer.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included the data of patients newly diagnosed as having head and neck cancer between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2008, from the 2005 Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Patients were categorized into the following groups according to the treatment regimens received: RT alone (RT-alone), RT combined with other treatments (any-RT), and treatments without RT (no-RT). The outcome was the occurrence of CRS after treatment.
Results:
Of the 701 patients, 7% experienced CRS within 5 years after initial treatment. Patients were divided into subgroups according to different treatment policies, and the RT-alone group, any-RT group, and no-RT group had 5-year incidence of CRS of 12%, 9.3%, and 4.5%, respectively. Patients in the RT-alone and any-RT groups exhibited an increased risk of CRS compared with patients in the no-RT group (hazard ratio: 6.76 and 2.91; 95% confidence interval: 2.60 to 17.5 and 1.60 to 5.31, respectively).
Conclusion:
This is the first nationwide population-based cohort study to evaluate the risk of posttreatment CRS in patients with head and neck cancer. Our findings indicate that RT is a major risk factor for CRS. Thus, physicians should consider this potential risk in patients with head and neck cancer after RT.
