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e Temporal distributions of TPH (black bars) in seawater at Gurumpo (st. 12) and Mallipo (st. 16) and tidal oscillation (open circle) at each site expressed as a height (cm) of higher high water (HHW) relative to mean lower low water (MLLW).
Source publication
In December 2007, the oil tanker Hebei Spirit released approximately 12,547,000 L of crude oil off the west coast of Korea, impacting more than 375 km of coastline. The seawater TPH concentrations immediately after the spill ranged from 1.5 to 7310 μg L(-1), with an average of 732 μg L(-1). The concentrations appeared to decrease drastically to 2.0...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the effect of the flood-ebb tidal cycle does not fully explain the fluctuation of seawater oil concentrations shown in Fig. 3 because all samples in the figure were collected during high tide. Instead, the spring-neap tidal cycle can explain the fluctuation of oil contaminations. Fig. 6 shows temporal variations of TPH concentration at Sts. 12 and 16 along with the water levels (height of higher high water level relative to mean lower low water), which represent the spring- neap tidal cycle in the area. TPH levels in seawater fluctuated for the first two to three weeks after the oil spill, and the fluctuation matched ...
Citations
... Therefore, the oil was exposed to substantial natural weathering and dissolution processes prior to sample collection. Nevertheless, tidal currents and waves carry the soluble degradation products from oiled shorelines to the seawater resulting in chronic contamination and biological adverse effects (Gustitus & Clement 2017;Kim et al. 2013). Natural sunlight is a strong factor enhancing crude oil degradation through generation of superoxide radicals (Yan et al. 2023) and changes in bacterial community structure (Bacosa et al. 2015). ...
The Red Sea is a hotspot of biodiversity susceptible to oil pollution. Besides, it is one of the warmest seas on the Earth with highly transparent waters. In this study, we estimated the oil dissolution rates under natural sunlight spectra and temperature conditions using coastal oil slicks collected after the 2019 Sabiti oil spill in the Red Sea. Optical analyses revealed the significant interactive effect of sunlight and temperature in enhancing the dissolution of oil into dissolved organic matter (DOM). The highest oil dissolution rate (38.68 g C m⁻³ d⁻¹) was observed in full-spectrum sunlight. Oil dissolution significantly enhanced total organic carbon (TOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater. High nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria, likely the oil degraders, proliferated from 30 to 70 – 90% after 4 days. The heavier stable carbon isotopic composition of methane (δ¹³C-CH4) and lighter stable carbon isotopic composition of carbon dioxide (δ¹³C-CO2) indicate the putative role of bacterial processes in the natural degradation of crude oil. The results indicated that the combined effect of temperature and solar radiation enhanced the biological and photochemical dissolution of oil on the Red Sea surface.
... Additionally, conductivity values were high, indicating strong salinity. These contamination values are similar to those reported by (Kim et al. 2013), who conducted a study of an oil spill area, detecting concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 7310 mgL −1 depending on time, with an average decrease of 2.0-224 mgL −1 over a month after the spill. This indicates that time is a favorable factor for concentration reduction, without considering substrate characteristics. ...
Purpose
In this study, a methodology is developed that involves geochemical and geophysical prospecting methods to identify the type and concentration of hydrocarbons, soil and water resistivity-salinity, and the delineation of hydrocarbon migration in the subsurface within an agricultural region in the northern part of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, where a landfill resulting from hydrocarbon exploitation is the contamination source.
Materials and methods
The methodology involves hydrocarbon fractionation by packed open column liquid chromatography (SARA: Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes), textural analysis by sieving, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), salinity concentration, total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in water (TPH), water resistivity, and salinity determination using a laboratory geo-electrical method and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT).
Results and discussions
The hydrocarbon exhibited a stable colloidal stability, and the soil composition is of the general type, classified as clay-sandy with high concentrations of iron and strong salinity. The water showed TPH concentrations, and the resistivity and salinity exceeded the permissible limits set by Mexican standards. Electrical Resistivity Tomography delineated both recent and mature contamination.
Conclusions
With this methodology, it was determined that the region exhibits active contamination directly related to the exploration, exploitation, and pipeline leakage of hydrocarbons. The most affected area was the agricultural zone (low-lying area) due to the overflow of contaminated water from the landfill.
... The column temperature was initially set at 40°C for 1 minute, then increased at a rate of 7°C/min until reaching 320°C. The detector temperature was maintained at 300°C throughout the analysis, following the methodology outlined by Kim, Hong, and Won [28] and Inyang, Aliyu and Oyewale [29]. Calibration of the GC was performed using petroleum hydrocarbon calibration working standards prepared within the range of 0.05-20 μg/mL, with n-hexane as the diluent. ...
This comprehensive study delves into the analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in soot-contaminated rain and rivers within Oyigbo, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria, with a primary focus on unraveling the geospatial variability and distribution of TPH in the impacted water sources. The study adopts a multifaceted methodology, incorporating fieldwork, sampling, laboratory analysis, and geospatial mapping using ArcGIS 10.4 software to elucidate spatial variations. Results spotlight the highest rainwater TPH concentrations at MKT 7-Umuosi 2 Market (128.179 mg/L) and the lowest at SET 13-Okpontu Settlements (8.976 mg/L), situated in the Okoloma and Umu Agbai-Obete axis, respectively. Likewise, river water exhibits the highest TPH at RVR 5-Imo River (37.118 mg/L), and the lowest at RVR 6-Imo River (187.118 mg/L), at Okoloma and Umu Agbai-Obete axis. Analysis of the 41 samples indicates that 19 locations surpass the 50 mg/L acceptable limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017), and the Department of Petroleum Resources (DRP-EGASPIN, 2018), Nigeria standards, with 10 locations recording concentrations above, and 12 locations falling below 30 mg/L. These findings underscore approximately 46% exhibiting high, 24% displaying medium, and 29 % showcasing low concentrations across the study area, following a spatial pattern with higher pollution dispersion in the Northern and Northwestern regions at Okoloma and Obigbo axes, and lower pollution levels in the Eastern regions at Umu Agbai-Obete axis. In essence, this study provides a comprehensive insight into TPH in soot-contaminated water resources in Oyigbo, contributing significantly to the advancement of knowledge regarding spatial variation, distribution, and implications for water quality management. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable resource for policy development, offering evidence for targeted environmental programs and practical assistance to environmentalists, researchers, government agencies, and the public in the assessment and enhancement of water quality in affected communities.
... The surface structure of sediments changes under the action of bottom the shear force caused by tides, and sediments undergo periodic resuspension (Yang et al., 2005). Therefore, tides have a powerful influence on the transport, transformation, and distribution of estuarine sediments (Hu et al., 2018;Hung et al., 2021;Kim et al., 2013b;Yu et al., 2022). The resuspension and movement of sediments may lead to a release of stored pollutants and nutrients from the sediment to the overlying water (Khairy et al., 2014;Percuoco et al., 2015;Sakamaki et al., 2006). ...
Estuarine sediments are key storage sites for persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and estuaries are strongly influenced by tides throughout the year. Although much work has been done concerning on POPs release, related questions on tidal action have not been considered in the release process. Herein, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) release from sediment to seawater was investigated under tidal action by combining a tidal microcosm with level IV fugacity model. The results showed that PAHs release with tidal action was 2.0-3.5 times the accumulation of that without tidal action. Tidal action was confirmed to influence strongly PAHs release from sediment to seawater. We also quantified suspended substance (SS) in the overlying water, and an obvious positive correlation between the PAHs concentration and SS content was found. In addition, an increase in seawater depth enhanced the intensity of tidal action, and more PAHs were released, especially dissolved PAHs. Moreover, the fugacity model results showed a good fit with the experimental results. The simulated values demonstrated that the PAHs release was accomplished via two processes, "rapid release" and "slow release". And the sediment played a key role in the fate of PAHs and was a major sink in the sediment-seawater system.
... The idea that this oil spill may be related to the 2019 oil spill arose because of the short interval between the two events. The oil could have been trapped in coastal sediments or hard structures such as reefs, resuspended by high tide, and washed ashore (Kim et al., 2013). Despite this possibility, its origin, how it occurred, and the amount of oil released remain unknown. ...
The main objective of this study was to investigate the 2019 and 2022 oil spill events that occurred off the coast of the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. To further assess these mysterious oil spills, we investigated whether the oils stranded on the beaches of Ceará in 2019 and 2022 had the same origin, whether their compositional differences were due to weathering processes, and whether the materials from both were natural or industrially processed. We collected oil samples in October 2019 and January 2022, soon after their appearance on the beaches. We applied a forensic environmental geochemistry approach using both one-dimensional and two-dimensional gas chromatography to assess chemical composition. The collected material had characteristics of crude oil and not refined oils. In addition, the 2022 oil samples collected over 130 km of the east coast of Ceará had a similar chemical profile and were thus considered to originate from the same source. However, these oils had distinct biomarker profiles compared to those of the 2019 oils, including resistant terpanes and triaromatic steranes, thus excluding the hypothesis that the oil that reached the coast of Ceará in January 2022 is related to the tragedy that occurred in 2019. From a geochemical perspective, the oil released in 2019 is more thermally mature than that released in 2022, with both having source rocks with distinct types of organic matter and depositional environments. As the coast of Ceará has vast ecological diversity and Marine Protected Areas, the possibility of occasional oil spills in the area causing severe environmental pollution should be investigated from multiple perspectives, including forensic environmental geochemistry.
... Although most of the spilled oil in the coastal Taean was removed one to two months after the accident due to intensive clean-up activities (Kim et al., 2010;Kim et al., 2013), the survived Pacific oysters exposed to the crude oil demonstrated a slow somatic tissue growth and retarded gametogenesis (Lee, 2010;Mondol et al., 2015). Due to the detrimental effects of the petroleum hydrocarbons, a reduction in immune competence of the Pacific oyster was also reported a year after the accident (Donaghy et al., 2010). ...
... Due to the detrimental effects of the petroleum hydrocarbons, a reduction in immune competence of the Pacific oyster was also reported a year after the accident (Donaghy et al., 2010). Two years after HSOS, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water column and oyster tissues declined to the level before the accident [Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea (MLTM), 2009; Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, Republic of Korea (MLTM), 2010; Kim et al., 2013]. According to Mondol et al. (2015), wild Pacific oysters in the HSOS area showed substantially higher somatic tissue growth and reproductive performance than the control oysters in the none-oil-spill area two years after the oil spill accident, suggesting that the oysters successfully recovered from the adverse effects of the oil contamination. ...
The Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) accident in December 2007 on the west coast of Korea devastated the intertidal oyster farms along the Taean coast, resulting in the shut-down of the farming for three years. In 2010, two years after the accident, the level of residual oil in the water, sediment, and oyster tissue in the spilled area became similar to the level before the accident, although the fitness of the oysters in the spilled area remained unknown. In an attempt to resume the oyster culture in the spilled area, we monitored the growth and reproduction of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in an area the most heavily impacted. The oyster spats used in this study were harvested from the oil-damaged area in September 2011 and hardened for 9 months before being transplanted into the grow-out facilities in May 2012. The transplanted oysters demonstrated a fast shell growth for the first 5 months, reaching 53.9 mm in shell length (SL) in October 2011. At the end of the survey in November 2013, the oyster became 65 mm, suggesting an additional year of cultivation to reach the market size. Histology indicated that the annual gametogenesis was synchronous, as the males and females initiated the gametogenesis in January when the water temperature was 5.2°C. The female oysters spawned from July to September, as the water temperature ranged from 21.2 to 24.8°C. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) applied in the reproductive effort measurement indicated that the fully ripe female oysters produced 20-23% of their body weight as eggs prior to spawning, which was comparable to the reproductive effort of oysters in oil-spill-free areas. The data suggested that off-bottom rack cultured Pacific oysters at the Euhangri beach successfully recovered from HSOS stresses 4 years after the accident.
... Oily wastewaters, oil spills from the petroleum industry, and oil-shipping accidents have caused detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Such releases can occur from various sources including oilrigs, transporters, and underwater pipelines. ...
The vast demand for petroleum industry products led to the increased production of oily wastewaters and has led to many possible separation technologies. In addition to production-related oily wastewater, direct oil spills are associated with detrimental effects on the local ecosystems. Accordingly, this review paper aims to tackle the oil spill cleanup issue as well as water separation by providing a wide range of graphene-based technologies. These include graphene-based membranes; graphene sponges; graphene-decorated meshes; graphene hydrogels; graphene aerogels; graphene foam; and graphene-coated cotton. Sponges and aerogels modified by graphene and reduced graphene oxide demonstrated effective oil water separation owing to their superhydrophobic/superoleophilic properties. In addition, oil particles are intercepted while allowing water molecules to penetrate the graphene-oxide-coated metal meshes and membranes thanks to their superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic properties. Finally, we offer future perspectives on oil water separation that are hindering the advancements of such technologies and their large-scale applications.
... Many factors determine the dispersion of oil slicks after they are disposed into the sea. These factors include wave and tidal action, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) (Cormack 1999;Kim et al. 2014), and coastal water depth (Alves et al. 2014;Zodiatis et al. 2017). Waves, winds, and currents may lead to normal dispersion and cracking spots into droplets that are then distributed through the water. ...
Oil pollution is a worldwide concern due to the increasing rate of offshore oil production and transport. As the Nile Delta coast is adjacent to the main route of oil transport through the Suez Canal, accidental oil spills along the offshore region may have a tremendous impact on the coastal waters. If the oil slicks reach the coast, the impact should also be significant. This study aimed to map the oceanographic parameters that may affect oil pollution dispersion along the offshore zone of the Nile Delta using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Oceanographic data (wave patterns, bathymetry data, sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll content, phytoplankton concentration, and organic carbon concentration) were used to analyze the characteristics of water at the onset of oil pollution to interpret the dispersion of the oil slick once discharged into the seawater. The results showed that SSTs and the depth of the coastal zone primarily influence the distribution of the other parameters.
... The sharp rise in the petroleum hydrocarbon content in April was due to the increase in rainfall, whereby total petroleum hydrocarbons were swept into the river from the adjoining farmlands. This observation agreed with Kim, et al. [34] and Shirodkar, et al. [35], where temporal distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments were in the order April > January > May > March > February. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons was higher in autumn than summer due to higher rainfall. ...
The total petroleum hydrocarbons content of the surface water and the sediments from the Orashi River were investigated between December 2019 and June 2020 at two months intervals to find out the level of contamination of the river. The total petroleum hydrocarbons were determined by GC-FID using Agilent 5890N, after following due laboratory procedures of sample pretreatment and clean-up. The results recorded from the surface water were December, 5.844±1.231 mg/L; February, 8.767±2.501 mg/L, April, 16.886±3.157 mg/L and June, 7.271±1.110 mg/L. Variation in concentration showed that April > February > June > December. Results recorded in the sediments were December, 39.8427±13.5 mg/Kg; February, 29.5322±5.301 mg/Kg; April, 50.5040±16.813 mg/Kg and June; 16.6545±3.35 mg/Kg. The variation in concentration showed that April > December > February > June. The variations observed in of total petroleum hydrocarbons content in the river indicated that the contamination source was primarily anthropogenic. It is therefore recommended that effective measures and adequate steps be taken by the government to mitigate the effect that may result from the accumulation of the total petroleum hydrocarbons in the river and on the aquatic inhabitants and man who depends on the river for daily living.
... Other researchers studied the influence of Deep water Horizon (DWH) oil, dispersed mixtures on rodent health in a laboratory setting, with results showing increased influence of the mixture on modifying white blood cells and platelet counts, and affecting liver and kidney function [45,48]. Researchers have reported the acute human health effects among the first responders to the 2007 Hebei Spirit oil spill off the Yellow Sea Coast of South Korea, dumping 12,547 kiloliters of crude oil polluted with 167 km of shoreline and 13,978 hectares of fishery and aquaculture infrastructure, and involving 563,761 clean-up duties [49]. ...
A crude oil spill is a common issue during offshore oil drilling, transport and transfer to onshore. Second, the production of petroleum refinery effluent is known to cause pollution due to its toxic effluent discharge. Sea habitats and onshore soil biota are affected by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as a pollutant in their natural environment. Crude oil pollution in seawater, estuaries and beaches requires an efficient process of cleaning. To remove crude oil pollutants from seawater, various physicochemical and biological treatment methods have been applied worldwide. A biological treatment method using bacteria, fungi and algae has recently gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency and lower cost. This review introduces various studies related to the bioremediation of crude oil, TPH and related petroleum products by bioaugmentation and biostimulation or both together. Bioremediation studies mentioned in this paper can be used for treatment such as emulsified residual spilled oil in seawater with floating oil spill containment booms as an enclosed basin such as a bioreactor, for petroleum hydrocarbons as a pollutant that will help environmental researchers solve these problems and completely clean-up oil spills in seawater.
