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![e (A). Microelectromechanical system flow sensors that mimic the anatomy and function of hair cells. a). Morphology of actual hair bundles and the schematic design of microelectromechanical system flow sensors that mimic hair cells. b). Schematic illustration of pillars that mimic the function of hair cells. c). Illustration of how pillars respond to the flow with different designing features. d). Illustration of how the nanofiber sensor generates electric charge readings in response to flow disturbances. Reproduced with permission from Asadnia et al., 2016, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License [148] (B). Schematic illustration of silk inspired, graphene based wireless pathogen sensor on tooth enamel. Reproduced with permission from Mannoor et al., 2012, Springer Nature [149].](profile/Hua-Deng-11/publication/329897321/figure/fig3/AS:713238547279879@1547060729667/e-A-Microelectromechanical-system-flow-sensors-that-mimic-the-anatomy-and-function-of.png)
e (A). Microelectromechanical system flow sensors that mimic the anatomy and function of hair cells. a). Morphology of actual hair bundles and the schematic design of microelectromechanical system flow sensors that mimic hair cells. b). Schematic illustration of pillars that mimic the function of hair cells. c). Illustration of how pillars respond to the flow with different designing features. d). Illustration of how the nanofiber sensor generates electric charge readings in response to flow disturbances. Reproduced with permission from Asadnia et al., 2016, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License [148] (B). Schematic illustration of silk inspired, graphene based wireless pathogen sensor on tooth enamel. Reproduced with permission from Mannoor et al., 2012, Springer Nature [149].
Source publication
The rapid development of nanotechnology has been facilitating the transformations of traditional food and agriculture sectors, particularly the invention of smart and active packaging, nanosensors, nanopesticides and nanofertilizers. Numerous novel nanomaterials have been developed for improving food quality and safety, crop growth, and monitoring...
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... general, bioinspired approach often associates with the design of novel nanomaterials with similar morphologies and functions with a biological tem- plate, e.g. mussel, cilia, and insect tentacles, etc. Bioinspired approach has been widely studied in biomedical researches [137] and many other fields [138,139] owing to the intrinsic nature of bioinspired approach [140] (see Figure 4). With biosynthesis approach one uses biological systems (e.g. ...
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... hu- midity due to the small area of the tips (1.5e2.5 nm). The device showed good sensitivity with response and recovery times of ~2.5 s and ~3 s, and can be applied to detect tiny fluctuations in moisture. Asadnia et al. (2016) [148] reported a novel microelectromechanical system flow sensors that mimic the anatomy and function of hair cells (Fig. 4Aa). The individual bundle has a tall pillar and another 54 short pillars that are analogous to stereocilia (Fig. 4Ab). These pillars are designed to detect and respond to the flow disturbances (Fig. 4Ac). The voltage output as a result of tensile stress applied to nanofibers at both contact pads can be collected and corrected to flow ...
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... recovery times of ~2.5 s and ~3 s, and can be applied to detect tiny fluctuations in moisture. Asadnia et al. (2016) [148] reported a novel microelectromechanical system flow sensors that mimic the anatomy and function of hair cells (Fig. 4Aa). The individual bundle has a tall pillar and another 54 short pillars that are analogous to stereocilia (Fig. 4Ab). These pillars are designed to detect and respond to the flow disturbances (Fig. 4Ac). The voltage output as a result of tensile stress applied to nanofibers at both contact pads can be collected and corrected to flow velocity and direction (Fig. 4Ad). The system is highly biocompatible and does not need external power supply, showing ...
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... moisture. Asadnia et al. (2016) [148] reported a novel microelectromechanical system flow sensors that mimic the anatomy and function of hair cells (Fig. 4Aa). The individual bundle has a tall pillar and another 54 short pillars that are analogous to stereocilia (Fig. 4Ab). These pillars are designed to detect and respond to the flow disturbances (Fig. 4Ac). The voltage output as a result of tensile stress applied to nanofibers at both contact pads can be collected and corrected to flow velocity and direction (Fig. 4Ad). The system is highly biocompatible and does not need external power supply, showing high sensitivity to flow velocity and directions. 3). Pathogen monitoring. In 2012, ...
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... bundle has a tall pillar and another 54 short pillars that are analogous to stereocilia (Fig. 4Ab). These pillars are designed to detect and respond to the flow disturbances (Fig. 4Ac). The voltage output as a result of tensile stress applied to nanofibers at both contact pads can be collected and corrected to flow velocity and direction (Fig. 4Ad). The system is highly biocompatible and does not need external power supply, showing high sensitivity to flow velocity and directions. 3). Pathogen monitoring. In 2012, Mannoor and coworkers successfully developed a silk inspired, graphene based wireless pathogen sensor on tooth enamel [149]. Gra- phene was printed onto bioresorbable ...
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... power supply, showing high sensitivity to flow velocity and directions. 3). Pathogen monitoring. In 2012, Mannoor and coworkers successfully developed a silk inspired, graphene based wireless pathogen sensor on tooth enamel [149]. Gra- phene was printed onto bioresorbable silk and formed con- taining a wireless coil on the surface of a tooth (Fig. 4B). The device showed bioselective detection of bacteria at single-cell levels. Though it is not a direct application in food and agriculture sectors, it shows promising results for real-time pathogen monitoring in food and agriculture systems. Nevertheless, one can anticipate that more complex and advanced natural biofunctions await to ...
Citations
... Due to advances in nanotechnology, the addition of nanosensors to the food packaging system has now become increasingly important (Alshammari et al., 2018;He et al., 2019). Incorporating nanosensors into food packaging aids in monitoring their quality throughout the many logistical steps and assuring quality of the products to the customers (Neethirajan & Jayas, 2011). ...
Nanosensors have become an indispensable tool in the food sector due to their specificity and sensitivity. The biosensor consists of a transducer coupled with a biorecognition component to transform biological signal into digital signal. Nanobiosensors have been widely used for sensing toxic chemicals such as pesticide residues and pathogenic microbes owing to their accurate sensitivity in an affordable manner, which gives more hope to the food industry on their applications. It employs nanocarriers to bind to impurities and pollutants, as well as food-borne microorganisms and their resulting toxins, such as mycotoxins. This modern technology ensures food safety in food processing industries. Nowadays, nanoparticle-immobilized sensors act as spot indicators to improve smart food packing technology. Certain types of nanobiosensors are deployed to monitor food product manufacture till packaging and to check the freshness of the product till spoilage identification. They are mainly using enzyme catalysts, which are highly sensitive to extreme environmental conditions. As a result, there is a greater evaluation requirement in nanosensor technology to adopt any temperature, pH, or other difficult parameters. Its stability, while in contact with food substrates, is another criterion that needs to be regularized. Within this framework, this review delves into the latest developments in nanobiosensors and the obstacles encountered during their use across different food industries.
... Due to advances in nanotechnology, the addition of nanosensors to the food packaging system has now become increasingly important (Alshammari et al., 2018;He et al., 2019). Incorporating nanosensors into food packaging aids in monitoring their quality throughout the many logistical steps and assuring quality of the products to the customers (Neethirajan & Jayas, 2011). ...
Nanosensors have become an indispensable tool in the food sector due to their specificity and sensitivity. The biosensor consists of a transducer coupled with a biorecognition component to transform biological signal into digital signal. Nanobiosensors have been widely used for sensing toxic chemicals such as pesticide residues and pathogenic microbes owing to their accurate sensitivity in an affordable manner, which gives more hope to the food industry on their applications. It employs nanocarriers to bind to impurities and pollutants, as well as food-borne microorganisms and their resulting toxins, such as mycotoxins. This modern technology ensures food safety in food processing industries. Nowadays, nanoparticle-immobilized sensors act as spot indicators to improve smart food packing technology. Certain types of nanobiosensors are deployed to monitor food product manufacture till packaging and to check the freshness of the product till spoilage identification. They are mainly using enzyme catalysts, which are highly sensitive to extreme environmental conditions. As a result, there is a greater evaluation requirement in nanosensor technology to adopt any temperature , pH, or other difficult parameters. Its stability, while in contact with food substrates, is another criterion that needs to be regularized. Within this framework , this review delves into the latest developments in nanobiosensors and the obstacles encountered during their use across different food industries.
... 2. Nano-sized nutrient particles: These are nutrient particles that are synthesized at the nanoscale, such as nano-sized zinc oxide or iron oxide particles, which can be more easily absorbed by plants than their bulk counterparts [29]. 3. Nano-clay based fertilizers: These are fertilizers that are based on nano-sized clay particles, such as montmorillonite or kaolinite, which can improve soil structure, water retention, and nutrient holding capacity [30]. 4. Nano-carbon based fertilizers: These are fertilizers that are based on carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide, which can improve soil health and plant growth by enhancing nutrient uptake and water retention [31]. ...
Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in various sectors, including agriculture. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture has the potential to revolutionize crop production, enhance food security, and promote sustainable farming practices. This paper explores the potential of harnessing nanotechnology for eco-friendly crop enhancement and sustainable agriculture. It discusses the various applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, including nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanosensors, and nanodelivery systems. The paper highlights the benefits of using nanotechnology in agriculture, such as increased crop yield, reduced environmental impact, and improved nutrient use efficiency. It also addresses the challenges and risks associated with the use of nanotechnology in agriculture, including potential toxicity, bioaccumulation, and the need for regulatory frameworks. The paper emphasizes the importance of responsible and sustainable use of nanotechnology in agriculture to ensure its long-term benefits while minimizing potential risks. It presents case studies and research findings that demonstrate the successful application of nanotechnology in enhancing crop growth, combating pests and diseases, and improving soil health.
... Nanotechnology has become vital in its significance due to its explosive growth and development in a number of industries, including food, agriculture, medical, and environmental science (Subramani et al. 2019;He et al. 2019). International markets have over 300 nano-food items throughout the last decade (Narsale et al. 2024;Ramsden 2018). ...
The application of nanotechnology is significantly revolutionizing the domain of fisheries. Nanotechnology tools are applied to tackle many challenges pertaining to fish productivity, health, reproduction, prevention and treatment of diseases. Fish growth performance can be improved by adding essential minerals in the form of nano-feed supplements. Moreover, nanotechnology is currently assuming a pivotal position in the domain of fish reproduction, alongside its application in fish medicine, including antibacterial therapies, medication delivery mechanisms, and nano-vaccination. Also, there are significant evidences supporting the use of nanotechnology techniques for fish packing and water purification and remediation. In contrast, numerous nanoparticles possess harmful characteristics towards living organisms as a result of their tiny sizes, potent reactivity, and capacity to cross boundaries. They have the ability to modify several physiological activities and induce cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and histopathological alterations. Although nanotechnology has potential for enhancing growth performance and disease resistance in fish, there is ongoing debate about the potential toxicity of nanomaterials, their interactions with the environment, and their propensity to accumulate in animals. This review aims to clarify and analyze the different benefits and challenges associated with the application of nanotechnology in fish farming.
... This includes the development of green and sustainable synthesis routes to reduce the ecological impact of NPs production (Bhardwaj et al. 2020). Development of nanomaterials for targeted delivery of agricultural inputs and environmental remediation (He et al. 2019). • Enzyme-based Catalytic Properties: Studying the catalytic properties of specific plant-based and microbial enzymes in controlling size, shape, and composition, leading to enhanced control over NPs properties. ...
The synthesis of green nanoparticles has recently become a topic of considerable attention due to its advantages over traditional chemical and physical methods, particularly in terms of cost efficiency, simplicity, environmental compatibility, and broad usability. Enzyme-driven nanoparticle synthesis presents a promising method for efficient nanoparticle production. However, conventional approaches of nanomaterial synthesis sometimes involve the use of hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive procedures, resulting in environmental contamination and potential risks to human health. As biocatalysts, enzymes play a significant role in driving numerous chemical and biological processes and are present in all living organisms. Microbial enzymes have been extensively studied because of their economical production, purification, and characterization methods. Enzymes also hold immense importance in managing environmental health as they help in detoxifying or transforming harmful substances into beneficial products. This review aims to offer insights into the rapidly growing area of enzyme-based nanomaterial production and its implications for sustainable nanotechnology, also focuses on the difficulties related to enzyme stability and activity enhancement, while also emphasizing on potential areas for future research and practical use. Researchers can facilitate the creation of eco-friendly nanomaterials with many uses by utilizing enzymes, thereby promoting a more environmentally friendly and sustainable future.
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... These benefits provide a new opportunity to alleviate food insecurity and mitigate the serious and widespread public health hazards of food-borne illnesses, which currently affecting millions of people and caused thousands of deaths each year (Nile, et al., 2020). Nanotechnology is defined as the fabrication and use of materials or particles at dimensions of less than 100 nm (Auffan, et al., 2009;He, Deng, & Hwang, 2019). Nanomaterials are appreciated in today's academic and industrial research laboratories for their uniquely distinctive characteristics, such as the capacity to control the release behavior and site-specific delivery of bioactive compounds, highly accurate targeting ability, and high affinity to bind with many bioactive ingredients due to their large surface area (Weisany, Yousefi, et al., 2022). ...
This review focuses on the role of nanotechnology, specifically nanoencapsulation, in enhancing food safety through antimicrobial effectiveness. Food safety is a critical global concern, and nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution to prevent or reduce microbial growth in food products. Nanoencapsulation involves enclosing hydrophobic molecules, such as essential oils (EOs), within a protective coating, improving their stability and controlled release. The review discusses recent advancements in nanoencapsulation technology, exploring various wall materials and methods that contribute to better delivery and increased activity of anti-microbials. The physical and chemical properties of coating materials and EOs are examined, highlighting their impact on release characteristics and the resulting antibacterial and antifungal properties against foodborne pathogens. Key findings reveal that the selection of appropriate encapsulation methods and wall materials significantly influences the protection and controlled release of EOs, enhancing their antimicrobial activity. Encapsulated EOs have demonstrated amplified effectiveness by disrupting vital microbial functions such as ergosterol biosynthesis, essential ion leakage, and bacterial membrane integrity. Once within microbial cells, these EOs or their bioactive components hinder DNA synthesis or bacterial ribosomal activity, ultimately impeding protein metabolism. Despite the promising potential of nanoencapsulated EOs across diverse applications , their toxicological profiles and organ-specific targeting remain insufficiently explored. Several challenges contribute to this research gap, including the intricate nature of nanoencapsulated EOs, limited in-vivo studies, species-specific variations, diverse administration routes, absence of standardized protocols, regulatory complexities, and resource constraints. Overcoming these hurdles is vital for ensuring the safe and effective use of nanoencapsulated EOs. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the fundamental principles of antimicrobial nanocarriers and colloidal systems with tunable bactericidal properties. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of nanoencapsulation and its effects on antimicrobial activity, researchers can develop more effective strategies to combat foodborne pathogens and improve food preservation methods.
... The versatility of nanocelluloses allows them to have a wide range of applications. Nanocelluloses properties are generally better compared to those of cellulose due to the reduced size that leads to structure and behavior changes [31,32]. ...
Nanocelluloses have gained significant attention in recent years due to their singular properties (good biocompatibility, high optical transparency and mechanical strength, large specific surface area, and good film-forming ability) and wide-ranging applications (paper, food packaging, textiles, electronics, and biomedical). This article is a comprehensive review of the applications of nanocelluloses (cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, and bacterial nanocellulose) in the conservation and restoration of historical paper documents, including their preparation methods and main properties. The novelty lies in the information collected about nanocelluloses as renewable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable materials in the field of cultural heritage preservation as an alternative to conventional methods. Several studies have demonstrated that nanocelluloses, with or without other particles, may impart to the paper documents excellent optical and mechanical properties, very good stability against temperature and humidity aging, higher antibacterial and antifungal activity, high protection from UV light, and may be applied without requiring additional adhesive.
... There are numerous uses for nanotechnology in food production, such as packaging, nutrient delivery, mineral/vitamin enrichment, food processing, and nutraceuticals. Additionally, it has been claimed that produced nanoparticles can support testing, keep track of contamination, and provide higher foodstuff is nutritious and high-quality [18]. The packing of foods is unquestionably a crucial ...
The key issues preventing the agricultural and food sectors from remaining sustainable include the growing global population, depleting land, and rising production costs. Natural resources can be used more effectively based on the use of nanobiosensors. To address the enormous need for foods and agricultural items for a constantly growing population, nanotechnology research trends are being implemented in almost every aspect of science. Nanosensors are employed in the food inspection process to support the integrity of the food packaging's external and internal conditions. Electrochemical nanosensors based on carbon nanotubes have been developed to identify particles, hazardous pollutants, organic chemicals, herbicides, excessive chemical use, and so on. Present study discusses a variety of topics relating to nanosensors and nanobiosensors that are currently being developed and have great promise for use in the industry sectors for agriculture and food. In order to give both academic and industrial researchers insightful information, the benefits and limitations are also explored. To advance the study of the sustainable development of agriculture facilitated by nanotechnology, future research directions have been outlined.
... Introduction Nanotechnology is a technological intersection with the nanoscale which straightforwardly links the macroscopic world of our perceptions with the nanoscopic world of individual biomolecules (Contera, 2019). It represents one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century (Bayda et al., 2019) strongly intertwined with our everyday life and society (He et al., 2019). The prefix "nano" is of Greek origin meaning "dwarf" or something very small and depicts one thousand millionth of a meter (10−9 m) (Bayda et al., 2019) hence by the word nanomaterials we describe materials with one or more components that have at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nm (Borm et al., 2006; T. Singh et al., 2017). ...
The safety of nanomaterials, whether they are made of natural or artificial substances, represents a significant challenge because nanotechnology, as a young and up-and-coming field, is developing very quickly, while nanotoxicology and nanoecotoxicology are falling behind. Since the production, use, and consequently, the exposure of people to nanomaterials is increasing significantly, the acquisition of data on potential acute and chronic toxicity plays a crucial role. It is known that nanomaterials due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, high reactivity, and unique physical, chemical, and biological properties exhibit a greater risk of toxicity than the corresponding bulk material and that is why a comprehensive assessment of the toxicity of nanoparticles should always be done prior to their use. We develop 3D cell models as a new in vitro methodological approach for nanoparticle (geno)toxicity assessment to better understand the impact nanomaterials have on environmental and human health. Currently, as a part of our ongoing study, core-shell iron nanoparticles are being examined, where the core consists of FeO, and the shell is made of Fe3O4. So far, in vitro cyto- and genotoxicity were assessed in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, using the ATP assay and the comet assay, respectively, but due to ongoing genotoxicity testing and reservations about data publishing, the results will not be presented in this scientific contribution. Keywords: 3D cell models; 2D cell models; Cytotoxicity; DNA damage; Genotoxicity; Iron-based nanoparticles
... Nanoparticles are being used in a variety of industries due to their exceptional qualities and adaptability including electronics, cosmetics, agriculture, and health [74][75][76], poses a significant problem for the domains of food science and technology, the environment, and human health in particular [77]. For unique medicinal needs, nanotechnology offers innovative dietary additives. ...
