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Lacunar brain infarctions (LBIs) are small acute subcortical infarctions (<15 mm diameter) resulted from occlusion of a single small penetrating artery. LBIs constitute about 25% of all ischemic strokes which may be presented by one of the lacunar syndromes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or may be asymptomatic and diagnosed accidently by chan...
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2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining is a commonly used method to determine the volume of the cerebral infarction in experimental stroke models. The TTC staining protocol is considered to interfere with downstream analyses, and it is unclear whether TTC-stained brain samples can be used for biochemistry analyses. However, there is evi...
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... DTI diffusion tensor imaging, FA fractional anisotropy (Quoted from the work of Mabrouk et al., 2019) 31 Diffusion ellipsoid tensors by continuous tracking. (A) unrestricted, isotropic diffusion, (B) anisotropic restricted diffusion in biological tissues, and (C) fiber tracking is initiated at a pixel or region of interest (ROI) (Quoted from the work of Mabrouk et al., 2019) 32 diffusion tensor imaging diagram showing radial diffusion, axial diffusion and apparent diffusion coefficient as related to fractional anisotropy (Quoted from the work ofMabrouk et al., 2019) 33 two voxels DTI are selected in the brain (a), the relevant tensors in between the voxels are visualized (b), these tensors are representations of the underlying white matter axonal bundles (c), they can be used to mathematically reconstruct virtual representations of these bundles (d, e) (Quoted from the work ofSonka and Fitzpatrick, 2016) ...
Background: white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) is the most frequent type of cerebral small vessel diseases and a common incidental finding in MRI films of geriatric population. Objectives: were to study the existence of occult cognitive and balance impairments in subjects with accidently discovered WMHs. Methods: the study was conducted on 44 accidently discovered WMHs and 24 non-WMHs subjects submitted to advanced activity of daily living scale (AADLs), Montgomery–Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS), Berg balance test (BBT) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) as well as a neurocognitive battery assessing different cognitive domains, auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). They also underwent brain MRI to grade the degree of WMHs, brain MRI volumetric study as well as diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Results: WMHs subjects showed significant decrease in AADLs, MADRS, MoCA as well as visual and vestibular ratios of CDP. The auditory MMN showed significant reduction in the amplitude and prolongation of latencies. Regarding MRI findings, there were substantial reduction of the total cerebral cortical volume, total cerebral white matter volume and mean cortical thickness as well as fractional anisotropy of the corticospinal tract, thalamo-cortical connectivity and arcuate fasciculi. Conclusion: Subjects with WMHs have lower cognitive performance and at higher risk of fall due to balance impairment which greatly impair their ADLs. The routine MoCA and Berg balance tests are not sensitive for identification of such subtler cognitive and balance dysfunctions while the construction of more specific, easily applicable scales become an opportunity for better diagnosis and follow-up.
