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Local water supply company in Indonesia still uses analog water meter, hence the data recording of customer’ water usage was carried out by officers manually. It is certainly an inefficient and risky method that could produce errors. Moreover, not all water meter data could be recorded at the time officers come to the location, for example in vacan...
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... There is also another research for water meter data reading using a cellular device without an internet connection, but the research was for a digital water meter [7]. A 433 MHz wireless transceiver was used to convert the analog water meter data into digital [8]. Similar research used the ORB algorithm for water meter data reading to replace inspection robots [9]. ...
PAMDES is a drinking water company managed by local villagers. The water meter data are read and recorded manually without any technology, which is ineffective and inefficient. Digital image processing can be implemented to read and record the water meter data automatically. When implemented in the water meter, it can help PAMDES officers to read the data without the internet, without changing the conventional water meter device, and the water meter data can be read and recorded effectively and efficiently. This research used the agile method, one of the methods used in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The method is done repetitively within a short period of time. The output of this research is an application with a digital image processing model that can read water meter data up to 82% in normal conditions and still can be improved. This research aims to make the water meter data reading and recording more effective and efficient and to contribute to the transformation of Sindangsari village into a digitalized village.
... Another research uses a mobile device without the internet for meter reading but a digital meter [16]. Finally, the analog water meter is converted digitally using a 433MHz wireless transceiver [17]. However, the condition is that many pipes have already been installed underground, so it is not easy to install a water metered converter from analog to digital. ...
Along with the growth of Sindangsari's population, the water requirement in this village has increased. So, the drinking water company (PAMDES) in this village must be able to manage the available water to meet the necessities of public life. Now, the water company is still collecting and recording water meters manually. It is very risky to consider the water condition in the village because an officer can make a human error while recording the water meter's value. When the water meter recorder is damaged, the officer estimates the water meter's value. An application is needed to manage bills and record water meters to avoid this in previous studies using the Internet of Things (IoT) or mobile applications that must be sent online to the server in real-time. This solution is not suitable for the internet condition in Indonesia, which is not evenly distributed to remote villages. This study proposes to use a mobile application that can store data on mobile devices. When the internet connection is unavailable, it can be sent later when it is available again. In this study, data obtained that the condition of the meter recorder from 672 customers, 37 water meters recorder is damaged. In addition, water meter data is also obtained for the following month's bill and data on average water usage of 10,661m3 per month. With these data, it is found that the minimum water requirement is 10,661 m3 per month. It is hoped that the application for billing management and recording of PAMDES water meters in Sindangsari village, Cikoneng sub-district, Ciamis district can help increase PAMDES management capacity.
... The database represents a collection of interconnected facts stored together in such a way and without unnecessary repetition (redundancy) to meet various needs [15], [16]. ...
The pandemic period caused by the coronavirus disease causes restrictions on the number of users in a room to minimize the spread, for example, libraries. The library is a room area that can cause virus transmission when crowds of visitors. A system is needed to provide information regarding the number of library visitors. Utilizing a network (wifi transmitter) available in the library can provide information on the number of visitors based on the number of network users in a room. Utilization of the network (wifi transmitter) can be in the form of a positioning system by utilizing the wifi signal beam received by the user in RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator). To calculate the estimated user position, a trilateration method is used based on the placement of three wifi transmitters. The library visitor positioning system consists of users as wifi transmitter users and admins. At the X-coordinate, the measuring point with a low deviation of the measurement value is indicated by points C and E with a value of 0.1. The large deviation of the measurement value is indicated by the P point of 4.5. At the Y coordinate, point O has a low deviation value of 1.25, and the largest deviation value is at point M of 5.6. The accuracy of the X coordinate shows a value of 97.647% and at the Y coordinate of 96.57%. Both coordinates have good accuracy for the points used as position measurements.
... Pengadaan layanan lampu penerangan di area publik menjadi perhatian penting karena membutuhkan 10-20% energi listrik dari total konsumsi daya listrik suatu negara [2]- [3]. Untuk menangani permasalahan pemborosan energi pemerintah berupaya melakukan penghematan energi pada penerangan jalan umum (PJU) yaitu dengan pengendalian dan pemantauan jarak jauh pada PJU tersebut [4]- [5]. Saat ini terdapat teknologi wireless yang dengan penggunaan daya rendah serta efisien ketika digunakan untuk pemantauan dan pengendalian yang disebut Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) [4]- [6]. ...
Penggunaan energi saat ini sedang menjadi sorotan pemerintah Indonesia. Salah satu kendalanya adalah penggunaan Penerangan Jalan Umum (PJU). Dengan membuat setiap penerangan jalan umum dapat berkomunikasi, pemerintah dapat memantau setiap penggunaan daya pada penerangan dengan menggunakan algoritma Leach, yang berfokus pada efisiensi daya dalam jaringan untuk menghemat penggunaan daya. Dalam algoritma Leach yang diusulkan, node akan mengirim data ke server melalui kepala cluster yang dipilih. Kemudian kepala cluster akan meneruskan data tersebut ke node master yang secara otomatis terhubung ke server. Dengan mengambil pendekatan seperti itu, penggunaan daya di setiap node akan efisien. Performa yang diperoleh dapat mencapai efisiensi 42% pada proses pengujian dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan algoritma Leach.
... However, in average, number of water usage is high, proven from the reading of water meter in customers' house. The reading of the existing customer's water meter is still done conventionally by the officers visiting customer's home to record or photograph water usage shown in the meter then input the data into a computer to be processed as a reference for making the billing form [3]. The process of recording water meters was too risky, as errors resulted in customer complaints about the number of charges that needed to be paid. ...
... However, the most significant impact is that customers are frequently disadvantaged solely due to officers' mistakes in recording conventional water meters due to outdated analog water meter equipment [4]. Local water supply companies withstand a significant amount of responsibility for finding solutions to problems like this, particularly those involving officers' frequent human error in reading meters and manually entering data into the system [3], [5]. ...
... By replacing existing analog water meter devices with digital-based system one, all processes can be carried out automatically by the machine, by including application software for centralized reading of water usage on the server [7]. The development of automation, telemetering and telecontroling technology is more than enough to support the digitalization and automation of conventional water meter devices [3], [8], [9]. ...
The local water supply corporation in Indonesia only uses analog water meter so that the monitoring of water usage information was conducted by officers manually. Officers must physically monitor the value in the customer's water meter that can lead to unreliable reading and ineffectiveness of process. Smart meter is one of the smart city metrics which could overcome this problem. This research uses the flow sensor to design and incorporate automated water meters. The measured value is then passed via the 433 MHz LoRa, a low-power wide-area network protocol, to the local hub, then forwarded to the server via the internet based cellular network. Results show that our proposed system's accuracy hit 97.31% at an ideal distance of 200 meters from customer to the local hub. The customer's water usage could be tracked in real time with our proposed system. Furthermore, the original water meter need not to be replaced which may minimize capital costs for this system.
