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To determine whether video-based instructions improve the accuracy of self-measures of waist and hip circumference compared with written instructions.
Population-based, cross-sectional study. Self-measurements of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) of fifty-seven participants randomly allocated to receive either written instruction...
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Purpose:
The periocular features vary in different age groups and ethnic populations. In this study, the authors sought to determine whether age-related differences exist for certain periocular parameters between children and young adults of Chinese Han population.
Methods:
OU of 310 children (aged 7-10 years) and 301 young adults (aged 20-30 ye...
Citations
... The body of research using remote data collection methods conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that many types of data collection were conducted remotely but not necessarily in real time. Common remote data collection methods included: online survey data collection [2], online focus groups [3], video-recorded instructions for data collection [4], self-collection of biometric data (eg, taking weight at home) [5,6], and remote qualitative interviews [7,8]. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in March of 2020 resulted in the sudden need for research teams to stop in-person research and move to virtual or remote data collection options that they may have never done before. ...
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent need for social distancing required the immediate pivoting of research modalities. Research that had previously been conducted in person had to pivot to remote data collection. Researchers had to develop data collection protocols that could be conducted remotely with limited or no evidence to guide the process. Therefore, the use of web-based platforms to conduct real-time research visits surged despite the lack of evidence backing these novel approaches.
Objective
This paper aims to review the remote or virtual research protocols that have been used in the past 10 years, gather existing best practices, and propose recommendations for continuing to use virtual real-time methods when appropriate.
Methods
Articles (n=22) published from 2013 to June 2023 were reviewed and analyzed to understand how researchers conducted virtual research that implemented real-time protocols. “Real-time” was defined as data collection with a participant through a live medium where a participant and research staff could talk to each other back and forth in the moment. We excluded studies for the following reasons: (1) studies that collected participant or patient measures for the sole purpose of engaging in a clinical encounter; (2) studies that solely conducted qualitative interview data collection; (3) studies that conducted virtual data collection such as surveys or self-report measures that had no interaction with research staff; (4) studies that described research interventions but did not involve the collection of data through a web-based platform; (5) studies that were reviews or not original research; (6) studies that described research protocols and did not include actual data collection; and (7) studies that did not collect data in real time, focused on telehealth or telemedicine, and were exclusively intended for medical and not research purposes.
Results
Findings from studies conducted both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic suggest that many types of data can be collected virtually in real time. Results and best practice recommendations from the current protocol review will be used in the design and implementation of a substudy to provide more evidence for virtual real-time data collection over the next year.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that virtual real-time visits are doable across a range of participant populations and can answer a range of research questions. Recommended best practices for virtual real-time data collection include (1) providing adequate equipment for real-time data collection, (2) creating protocols and materials for research staff to facilitate or guide participants through data collection, (3) piloting data collection, (4) iteratively accepting feedback, and (5) providing instructions in multiple forms. The implementation of these best practices and recommendations for future research are further discussed in the paper.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/53790
... 8,9 Precise measurement can be achieved by providing video instructions for the patient. 10,11 In Lima, Peru we are facing these challenges as well. In 2020, the Allikay nutritional center started providing virtual appointments for nutritional care to patients, guaranteeing safe conditions based on the COVID-19 pandemic-related recommendations. ...
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for health services and systems around the world, including Peru. A viable alternative in the telemedicine field to guarantee patient nutritional care is telenutrition. Telenutrition involves the interactive use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to implement the nutrition care process with patients at a remote location. Information regarding the experience with this methodology and its potential effect on patients’ nutritional goals, does not exist in Peru. The aim of the study was to report the effect of the evaluation type (telenutrition vs. in-person) on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and relative fat mass (RFM) in overweight and obese adult patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 100 eligible patients in a single nutritional center, from January 2019 to March 2021. Telenutrition and in-person continuous variables were compared with independent sample t-test or U Mann-Whitney test. Results: There were significant differences in weight, BMI, WC and RFM by the end of follow-up period, in both evaluation modalities. Patients on the telenutrition group had a mean decrease of 6.80 ± 4.87 cm in WC, whereas the mean difference observed for the in-person group was 6.74 ± 4.55 cm. There were no significant differences in the changes of any anthropometric parameters when comparing both systems. Reductions were observed in weight (5.93 ± 3.88 kg vs. 4.92 ± 3.29 kg), BMI (2.23 ± 1.39 kg/ m2 vs. 1.83 ± 1.23 kg/ m2), WC (6.80 ± 4.87 cm vs. 6.74 ± 4.55 cm) and RFM (2.43 ± 1.78 vs. 2.63 ± 1.73) in telenutrition and in-person evaluation, respectively by the end of the follow-up period. Conclusions: Telenutrition may be regarded as an alternative to in-person evaluation offering anthropometric changes and nutritional goals similar to those reported through the in-person modality, in overweight and obese adult people.
... 8,9 Precise measurement can be achieved by providing video instructions for the patient. 10,11 In Lima, Peru we are facing these challenges as well. In 2020, the Allikay nutritional center started providing virtual appointments for nutritional care to patients, guaranteeing safe conditions based on the COVID-19 pandemic-related recommendations. ...
Background: COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for health services and systems around the world, including Peru. A viable alternative in the telemedicine field to guarantee patient nutritional care is telenutrition. Telenutrition involves the interactive use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to implement the nutrition care process with patients at a remote location. Information regarding the experience with this methodology and its potential effect on patients’ nutritional goals, does not exist in Peru. The aim of the study was to report the effect of the evaluation type (telenutrition vs. in-person) on anthropometric parameters weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and relative fat mass (RFM) in overweight and obese adult patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 100 eligible patients in a single nutritional center, from January 2019 to March 2021. Results: There was a significant difference in weight, BMI, WC and RFM at the end of the three-month follow-up period, in both evaluation modalities. Patients on the telenutrition group had a mean decrease of 6.80 ± 4.87 cm in their WC, whereas the mean difference observed for the in-person group was 6.74 ± 4.55 cm. There were no statistically significant differences in the changes of any anthropometric parameters when comparing both systems. Reductions were observed in weight (5.93 ± 3.88 kg vs. 4.92 ± 3.29 kg), BMI (2.23 ± 1.39 kg/ m2 vs. 1.83 ± 1.23 kg/ m2), WC (6.80 ± 4.87 cm vs. 6.74 ± 4.55 cm) and RFM (2.43 ± 1.78 vs. 2.63 ± 1.73) in telenutrition and in-person evaluation, respectively. Conclusions: Telenutrition may be regarded as an alternative to in-person evaluation offering anthropometric changes and nutritional goals similar to those reported through the in-person modality, in overweight and obese adult people.
... 22-24 For those without a scale, waist circumferences can be used, 25 and are even more accurate when paired with video instructions. 26 ...
... 24,25 However, consistent with our data, a slight over-reporting of WC has been observed in postmenopausal women aged 55 to 69 years, 26 in overweight employees taking part in the ALIFE@Work project, 27 and in men and women recruited in a cross-sectional study to evaluate if video instruction could improve the accuracy of self-measurement of WC compared with written instruction. 28 Explanation for the over-reporting of WC is unclear. Cullum et al 24 suggested that subjects with considerable deposits of abdominal fat might have had trouble in identifying the mid-point between their ribs and hips and they might have measured their WC inadvertently at another, larger site than at the midpoint. ...
Introduction:
DianaWeb is a community-based participatory project open to Italian breast cancer patients. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in improving the prognosis after patients received diagnosis and surgery/chemotherapy. The DianaWeb study uses an interactive Web site (www.dianaweb.org) to monitor patients' lifestyles, and to obtain clinical and anthropometric data. Although detailed instructions for measuring height, body weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure (BP) are provided, individuals might tend to overestimate or underestimate those parameters. The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare self-recorded data with those from standardized ambulatory measurements; (2) to determine the trueness of a subject classification in the overweight/obesity or hypertensive subgroup on the basis of the patients' own measurements and estimates; and (3) to identify confounding variables.
Patients and methods:
We compared self-reported with ambulatory measurements in a subgroup of 200 randomly selected women of approximately 1000 enrolled in the DianaWeb study (from September 2016 to March 2018).
Results:
Bland-Altman analysis showed a close agreement for self-reported and ambulatory-measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). On the contrary, women overestimated waist circumference and underestimated BP. Cohen κ statistics showed fair agreement only for hypertension. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and diastolic BP self-measurements were biased according to age.
Conclusion:
The results suggest that self-reported height, weight, and BMI are satisfactorily accurate for patients in the DianaWeb study, such as accuracies of overweight/obese and central obesity classification, and that these data can be useful for our research.
... Measurement should thus be conducted by individuals who have received proper training in self-measured WC. Both self-measured WC training using a video [30] and computer-based self-measured WC training [23] have been found to facilitate accurate WC measurements. ...
The objective of this study was to assess the validity of the self-/home-measured waist circumference (WC) method in children/adolescents at three sites: at the level of the umbilicus, immediately above the iliac crest, and at the midpoint of the lower margin of the last palpable rib and top of the iliac crest. A cross-sectional study of 3360 Hong Kong Chinese children/adolescents was conducted, with 2980 (88.7%) participants included in the final analysis. The WC of children aged 6 to 9 was measured at the three sites by their parent/guardian at home followed by measurement by trained assessors at school within one week. Children/adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17 self-measured their WC at the three sites during school hours, followed by measurements by the trained assessors. Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) analysis was performed to evaluate between-measurement agreement. The difference between assessor- and self-/home-measured WC was defined as ≤ ±2.5 cm for the upper and lower LOA at all three sites as an a priori criterion based on the assessor-measured inter-rater results. The results showed that most measurements (about 96%) at each site was within 95% of the LOA. Of the three measurement sites, the smallest LOA interval width was found at the umbilicus site, with an upper LOA of 5.08 and 7.13 and lower LOA of -2.61 and -3.43 in boys and girls, respectively. In conclusion, the range of LOA was relatively large, exceeding the acceptable limits of the predefined a priori criterion of upper and lower LOA, and thus suggesting disagreement between the two measurement methods. The use of WC as a measure of abdominal obesity in clinical practice/epidemiological studies should be restricted to measurement by trained health professionals/research staff.
... Training materials have been developed to improve circumference measurement accuracy. For instance, Englishspeaking adults in Scotland and Belgium were given a measuring tape and asked to measure their own waist and hip circumferences using written instructions or training video instructions; those using the training video reported more accurate waist circumferences measurements [41]. Completing a 25-min computer-based training with a reading grade level of 11.7 in a laboratory setting prior to self-measurement resulted in waist circumferences that did not differ significantly between college students and trained staff [37]. ...
... Previously published research comparing precision of self-report vs trained-technician measurements indicate self-report measurements may be sufficiently accurate for epidemiological studies [33-35, 38, 42, 43]. The few research studies available suggest that training, especially video instructions, have the potential to improve selfreported waist measurement accuracy [37,41]. These findings are promising, but their application remains limited for numerous reasons. ...
... A similar comparison of mean differences in self-reported hip circumferences published by others [7, 33, 35, 38-41, 43, 44, 69, 70] (mean difference range = −5.90 to 1.19 cm; lower LOA range = −26.09 to −2.29 cm; upper LOA range 1.60 to 14.29 cm; absolute difference of LOA = 6.97 to 40.38 cm) to findings in this study indicate comparable results (mean difference = 1.07 cm, LOA = −10.36 to 9.35 cm; absolute difference 19.71 cm). Also, like other studies, there were no significant differences in mean waist and hip circumferences measured at home and in the lab by technicians [38,41]. No comparable studies could be found for neck circumference, however the limited research available indicates high agreement for this measure among trained observers [71]. ...
Background
Waist, hip, and neck circumference measurements are cost-effective, non-invasive, useful markers for body fat distribution and disease risk. For epidemiology and intervention studies, including body circumference measurements in self-report surveys could be informative. However, few studies have assessed the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of a self-report tool feasible for use in large scale studies.
Methods
At home, mothers of young children viewed a brief, online instructional video on how to measure their waist, hip, and neck circumferences. Afterwards, they created a homemade paper measuring tape from a downloaded file with scissors and tape, took all measurements in duplicate, and entered them into an online survey. A few weeks later, participants visited an anthropometrics lab where they measured themselves again, and trained technicians (n = 9) measured participants in duplicate using standard equipment and procedures. To assess differences between self- and technician-measured circumferences, duplicate measurements for participant home self-measurements, participant lab self-measurements, and technician measurements each were averaged and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests conducted. Agreement between all possible pairs of measurements were examined using Intraclass Correlations (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots.
Results
Participants (n = 41; aged 38.05 ± 3.54SD years; 71 % white) were all mothers that had at least one child under the age of 12 yrs. Technical error of measurements for self- and technician- duplicate measurements varied little (0.08 to 0.76 inches) and had very high reliability (≥0.90). Intraclass Correlations (ICC) comparing self vs technician were high (0.97, 0.96, and 0.84 for waist, hip, and neck). Comparison of self-measurements at home vs lab revealed high test-retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.87). Differences between participant self- and technician measurements were small (i.e., mean difference ranged from −0.13 to 0.06 inches) with nearly all (≥93 %) differences within Bland-Altman limits of agreement and <10 % exceeding the a priori clinically meaningful difference criterion.
Conclusions
This study has demonstrated a simple, inexpensive method for teaching novice mothers of young children to take their own body circumferences resulting in accurate, reliable data. Thus, collecting self-measured and self-reported circumference data in future studies may be a feasible approach in research protocols that has potential to expand our knowledge of body composition beyond that provided by self-reported body mass indexes.
... In agreement with our findings, several previous studies have reported an overestimation of WC [10,15,16,18,33,34], but other studies have found an underestimation of selfmeasured WC compared with objectively measured WC [11][12][13][14]17,19,35,36]. Higher values of BMI [13,14,17] were associated with a higher degree of underestimation, with females underestimating more than males [17]. ...
Background
Waist circumference (WC) is used to indirectly measure abdominal adipose tissue and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because of its easy implementation and low cost, self-measured WC is commonly used as a screening tool. However, discrepancies between self-measured and objectively measured WC may result in misclassification of individuals when using established cut-off values. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of self-measured WC in adults at risk of T2DM and/or CVD, and to determine the anthropometric, demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with bias in self-measured WC.Methods
Self-measured and objectively measured WC was obtained from 622 participants (58.4% female; mean age 43.4¿±¿5.3 years) in the Hoorn Prevention Study. The associations of gender, age, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, dietary habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the discrepancies between self-measured and objectively measured WC were analysed using independents t-test and one-way ANOVA. Bland-Altman plots were used to plot the agreement between the two measures.ResultsOn average, self-measured WC was overestimated by 5.98¿±¿4.82 cm (P¿<¿0.001). Overestimation was consistent across all subgroups, but was more pronounced in those who were younger and those with lower educational attainment.Conclusions
The results support self-measured WC as a useful tool for large-scale populations and epidemiological studies when objective measurement is not feasible, but overestimation should be taken into account when screening adults at risk of T2DM and/or CVD.
... The use of prerecorded online accessible video sequences with audible exercise instructions in a bullet point format might be a sustainable solution to the problem. In other domains, video instructional sequences are already being used to teach trainees how to perform even complicated movement tasks requiring fine and gross motor control [8][9][10][11][12][13] but to our knowledge video instructional material has yet to be investigated as a viable strategy in an exercise-at-work setting. ...
Workplace interventions have shown beneficial results of resistance training for chronic pain in the neck, shoulder, and arm. However, studies have relied on experienced exercise instructors, which may not be an available resource at most workplaces. The objective of this study is to evaluate the technical performance level of upper limb rehabilitation exercises following video-based versus personalized exercise instruction. We recruited 38 laboratory technicians and office workers with neck/shoulder pain for a two-week exercise training period receiving either (1) personal and video or (2) video only instruction in four typical neck/shoulder/arm rehabilitation exercises using elastic tubing. At a 2-week follow-up, the participants’ technical execution was assessed by two blinded physical therapists using a reliable error assessment tool. The error assessment was based on ordinal deviation of joint position from the ideal position of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in a single plane by visual observation. Of the four exercises only unilateral shoulder external rotation had a higher normalized error score in the V group of 22.19 (9.30) to 12.64 (6.94) in the P group (
P
=
0.002
). For the remaining three exercises the normalized error score did not differ. In conclusion, when instructing simple exercises to reduce musculoskeletal pain the use of video material is a cost-effective solution that can be implemented easily in corporations with challenging work schedules not allowing for a fixed time of day to go see a personal trainer.
Background
Multimedia multi-device measurement platforms may make the assessment of prevention-related medical variables with a focus on cardiovascular outcomes more attractive and time-efficient. The aim of the studies was to evaluate the reliability (Study 1) and the measurement agreement with a cohort study (Study 2) of selected measures of such a device, the Preventiometer.
Methods
In Study 1 (N = 75), we conducted repeated measurements in two Preventiometers for four examinations (blood pressure measurement, pulse oximetry, body fat measurement, and spirometry) to analyze their agreement and derive (retest-)reliability estimates. In Study 2 (N = 150), we compared somatometry, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, body fat, and spirometry measurements in the Preventiometer with corresponding measurements used in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) to evaluate measurement agreement.
Results
Intraclass correlations coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .84 to .99 for all examinations in Study 1. Whereas bias was not an issue for most examinations in Study 2, limits of agreement for most examinations were very large compared to results of similar method comparison studies.
Conclusion
We observed a high retest-reliability of the assessed clinical examinations in the Preventiometer. Some disagreements between Preventiometer and SHIP examinations can be attributed to procedural differences in the examinations. Methodological and technical improvements are recommended before using the Preventiometer in population-based research.
