Table 11 - uploaded by J.R. Qasem
Content may be subject to copyright.
1 (continued) Natural chemical/bioherbicide name Origin Reference Phytobabine-2 – Orel (1994) phytobaphum – Orel (1994) Phytopacine – Orel (1994) Phytosphingosine Microorganisms (fungi) and Plants Abbas et al. (1995) Prehelminthosporal Microorganisms (Bipolaris sp.) Varma and Dubey (2006) Prohydrojasmon Plants Zuo et al. (2010)
Source publication
Allelopathic phenomenon perpetuating in nature is of considerable significance, which has gained even more importance these days. Field applications of allelopathy have attracted the attention of scientists as an alternate to weedicide use. In this chapter, allelopathy development and its application for weed management have been reviewed over the...
Similar publications
To further explore the practical application of allelochemicals in rice production, the mixture of five oxygenic terpenoids [(-) carveol, (+) carvone, (-) menthone, (-) carvyl acetate, and (+) cedrol] identified in previous study, was evaluated in green house for their herbicidal activity on paddy weeds. This terpenoid mixture effectively reduced t...
Citations
... Plant allelochemicals are released through foliar leachates, root exudates, volatilization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the breakdown of plant tissue (Xie et al. 2021) and are involved in plant resistance to weeds, invertebrates and pathogens (Xie et al. 2021;Qasem 2013). Some allelochemicals have been shown to have multiple defence benefits and exhibit multi-kingdom functionality (Hickman et al. 2021). ...
... Allelopathy research to date has predominantly focused on plant-to-plant interactions in laboratory conditions and evidence syntheses have mostly been in the form of reviews (Macías et al. 2019;Qasem 2013;Zhang et al. 2021). In order to facilitate implementation at the farm level, future research needs to study specific herbivorous pests and cropping systems (Damalas and Koutroubas 2018), with a focus on field-scale trials, and develop an evidence-based database of allelopathic plants and corresponding herbivorous pests as a simple directory for farmers (Damalas and Koutroubas 2018). ...
Background
Pesticides perform vital roles within agriculture but growing concern for their impact on the environment and non-target organisms has created a market for biopesticides with fewer ecological impacts. One source of biopesticides is allelochemicals, here defined as compounds released by an organism that have an inhibitory or stimulatory effect on neighbouring organisms. The focus of this study is allelopathic plants and their inhibitory effects on invertebrate herbivorous agricultural pests of temperate Europe. A systematic map is required to describe the current state of research and collate evidence.
Methods
Two academic databases were searched for relevant studies in temperate climates. The results were imported into EPPI-Reviewer, duplicates removed, studies screened and data extracted into a searchable database following the inclusion criteria and coding tool set out in the protocol. Screening consistency was checked at each stage using 5% of the studies. Critical appraisal was not conducted. Each unique combination of key variables (pest, plant, allelochemical, application method, intervention form) was treated as a separate datapoint or experiment. The data was then analysed and cross-tabulated to produce descriptive statistics and heatmaps.
Results
This systematic map produced a database which included 243 studies containing 717 experiments from 5550 initial results. Research was unevenly distributed among all key variables with a distinct bias towards extracted allelochemical experiments under laboratory conditions. Allyl isothiocyanate was the most studied allelochemical and of the 99 identified chemical groups, flavonoids and glucosinolates were the most frequent. A wide range of pest and plant species were identified. Brassicas were the most studied plant family and Lepidoptera the most studied pest order. Physical living plants, as opposed to plant extracts or isolated allelochemicals, were predominantly studied in terms of resistance. Allelopathy application methods were not specified in the abstract of 22% of experiments and only 10% of experiments were conducted under field conditions.
Conclusion
Allelopathy has been studied in the context of temperate invertebrate pest control in some breadth but little depth and key pest species have not been targeted. The map highlighted significant gaps in the evidence base and a distinct lack of field studies or studies comparing application methods. It contains insufficient evidence to guide policy or management decisions, but provides a research tool and indicates areas for future studies including highlighting topics for secondary research. Critical appraisal is needed to determine allelopathic affect and future search strings should detail all application methods.
Protocol registration
The a-priori protocol was peer-reviewed and published through PROCEED (Kiely C, Randall N. Collaboration for Environmental Evidence: PROCEED. How have allelopathic plants been used within integrated pest management systems to control European crop pests in arable and field vegetable systems in temperate climates?: A Systematic Map Protocol. 2022. https://www.proceedevidence.info/protocol/view-result?id=14 . Accessed 5 Jan 2023.).
... Allelochemicals are released into the environment as they have the ability to inhibit germination and growth of nearby plants (Inderjit and Duke, 2003). Nowadays, allelochemicals are used to produce bioherbicides (Qasem, 2013). ...
Allelochemicals involved in plant-plant interaction (Allelopathy) are a potential source for alternative agrochemicals to solve the negative effects caused by synthetic herbicides. The present study is focused on the prediction and evaluation of allelopathic plants species in Saharan ecosystem from the Souf region in the southeastern of Algeria. The study was articulated through three steps of investigation: (1) a floristic survey, including a general inventory with notation of abundance and sociability scores for each species to understand the floristic composition of the study area, (2) Species co-occurrence analysis, using a presence/absence of data species in restricted sampling plots, which allowed to identify eight negatively associated species pairs with only one positive association and (3) allelopathic bioassays were performed with the aqueous extracts of the three species negatively associated species. The results showed a significant effect of aqueous extracts of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb, Retama raetam Forssk. Webb and Limoniastrum guyonianumBoiss on seed germination or seedling growth of target species (Lactuca sativa L., Daucus carota L., Triticum durum Desf. and Zea mays L.) at concentrations of 10 % and 15%. H.strobilaceum showed the highest phytotoxic activity with 0% germination rate of all target species at concentration of 15%, followed by R.raetam and L.guyonianum, and D.carota was the most sensitive target species with total inhibition of germination in most of treatments. Besides, plumule length was most affected then radicle length. It was conducted that some of these extracts may be represent a promising alternative bioherbicides from Saharan plants in agricultural and environmental management.
... The high amount of above ground biomass produced in the living mulch plots was mainly comprised of Alchemilla and peppermint biomass, which suppressed, at the same time, the growth of other weeds. Prevention of weed emergence is exerted partly through competition for light, nutrients, and soil moisture by the living mulch, as well as the release of allelochemicals and modifications in the soil microenvironment [38]. Several plant species producing essential oils, including the mint family, have been considered and evaluated for weeds control [39]. ...
The establishment of living mulches in organic orchards could potentially improve the orchard biodiversity and, when specific plant species are selected, provide additional eco-services and functions, including adequate weed management. This study was conducted in an organically managed apple orchard in Skierniewice (Poland) to assess the effect of two selected living mulching species: Alchemilla vulgaris and Mentha piperita. They were assessed on weed control, weed biodiversity, tree nutritional status, root dry weight density (RDWD), and other root morphological traits compared to a natural soil cover (control). Overall, both living mulches produced 42.5% more dry biomass, increased weed species number (+29%), and increased soil coverage (+33%) compared to control mowed plots. The apple leaf chlorophyll index and nutrient content were higher in the presence of both living mulches than in the control. In addition, apple trees had 30–46% higher root dry weight densities, even though other root morphological traits were not affected by the treatments. The results suggested that the tree row can be managed with living mulches of herbs; these species have the potential to provide an additional income to the farmer, as well as beneficial effects for the orchard biodiversity, without impairing the tree root development and nutrient status.
... The high amount of above ground biomass produced in the living mulch plots was mainly comprised of Alchemilla and peppermint biomass, which suppressed, at the same time, the growth of other weeds. Prevention of weed emergence is exerted partly through competition for light, nutrients, and soil moisture by the living mulch, as well as the release of allelochemicals and modifications in the soil microenvironment [38]. Several plant species producing essential oils, including the mint family, have been considered and evaluated for weeds control [39]. ...
The establishment of living mulches in organic orchards could potentially improve the orchard biodiversity and, when specific plant species are selected, provide additional eco-services and functions, including adequate weed management. This study was conducted in an organically managed apple orchard in Skierniewice (Poland) to assess the effect of two selected living mulching species: Alchemilla vulgaris and Mentha piperita. They were assessed on weed control, weed biodiversity, tree nutritional status, root dry weight density (RDWD), and other root morphological traits compared to a natural soil cover (control). Overall, both living mulches produced 42.5% more dry biomass, increased weed species number (+29%), and increased soil coverage (+33%) compared to control mowed plots. The apple leaf chlorophyll index and nutrient content were higher in the presence of both living mulches than in the control. In addition, apple trees had 30–46% higher root dry weight densities, even though other root morphological traits were not affected by the treatments. The results suggested that the tree row can be managed with living mulches of herbs; these species have the potential to provide an additional income to the farmer, as well as beneficial effects for the orchard biodiversity, without impairing the tree root development and nutrient status.
... As common practices in modern agriculture, large quantities of synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals are used to enhance crop productivity (Rüegg et al., 2007). The continuous use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture produces the emergence of herbicideresistant weeds and leads to environmental pollution with impacts on both human health and ecosystems (Qasem, 2013). Thus, there is an increasing demand for alternative and sustainable practices and, thereby, the research institutions are currently applying innovative approaches to improve agriculture without synthetic herbicides (Khanh et al., 2007;Chauhan and Gill, 2014). ...
p>A field study was conducted to examine the allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. residue against the weeds associated with wheat crop. Residue application was carried out under field conditions in two doses: 150 and 300 g m−2. Weed richness, density and above-ground biomass were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks after application to evaluate the potential effect of S. oleaceus manure on weed control. Some growth criteria and the total yield of the cultivated wheat crop were also measured. The residue-containing quadrates attained lower weed richness, density and biomass. Unlikely, residue application reduced the grain yield of wheat. The available nitrogen and phosphorus were increased in soil at the higher application dose. These results suggest that S. oleraceus could interfere most of winter weeds, but affect productivity of wheat. Weed suppression could be attributed to the allelopathic potential of S. oleraceus residue. These results suggest also that the manure of this weed could be used successfully in the integrated weed management programs to reduce weed infestation in winter crops. However, another crop species may be selected.
</p
... The search for natural materials of herbicidal activities is in progress worldwide (4,8,14,28). Extracts of limited plant species are phytotoxic to different weeds in the field (5,6,16,32) and only few allelochemicals have been developed as natural herbicides (8,9,25,28). In contrast, the extracts of numerous weed species tested under laboratory conditions were found toxic to different crops and have similar effects on certain weeds (30). ...
In Laboratotry bioassays, the extracts of 136 plant species (40 families) in Jordan were collected and investigated for their phytotoxicities on wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Stork). All aqueous extracts reduced the wheat seed germination and shoot (except Smilax aspera L.) and root growth (except Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.) than control. There was variability in the effects of extracts on wheat. Some completely prevented or severely reduced the crop seed germination, inhibited seedlings growth and imbalanced shoot/root growth ratio. Extracts of Ranunculus arvensis L., Sinapis arvensis L., Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich., Crambe orientalis L., Salvia syriaca L., Rumex cyperius Murb., Calotropis procera Ait. Fit and Aristolochia maurorum L. completely prevented the wheat seed germination. In contrast, S. aspera extract stimulated the shoot and root growth and that of Launea nudicaulis stimulated the root growth of wheat seedlings than control. In general, the effects of extracts were more pronounced on roots than on shoots and the severity of phytotoxic effects was plant species-dependent. The different extracts had variable effects on shoots and roots growth and on shoot/root ratio.
... The search for natural materials of herbicidal activities is in progress worldwide (4,8,14,28). Extracts of limited plant species are phytotoxic to different weeds in the field (5,6,16,32) and only few allelochemicals have been developed as natural herbicides (8,9,25,28). In contrast, the extracts of numerous weed species tested under laboratory conditions were found toxic to different crops and have similar effects on certain weeds (30). ...
Phytotoxicity including autotoxicity and allelopathy is the immediate or indirect biochemical impact of one organism on the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms or improvement of neighbouring plant species through the arrival of substances into the environment. is biological phenomenon e ect might be either growth-enhancing (synergistic) or inhibiting (hostile), contingent upon the chemical substances delivered from donor plants and target species. Allelopathy has been viewed not just as a nature-accommodating way to control unwanted plant spices and biocidal products, but, additionally, a potential explanation for causing autotoxicity in yield. e application of chemical agents to reduce weed infestation may have negative consequences on human health as well as the environment. Plants with allelopathy activities derived from secondary metabolites could be an alternative strategy and have an expected function in sustainable weed biocontrol and boost global agricultural production and food security. us, protecting biodiversity, ensuring food safety, improving food, and nutrient quality, as well as crop production, are urgently needed as population and consumption are increasing. So, the objective of this study is to present recent advancements on phytotoxicity and allelopathic e ect of plant extracts (sorghum, sun ower, rice, and corn), for sustainable food and crop production in agroecosystems.
An investigation on “Weed Management and Crop Growth Modeling in Soybean” was carry out on red sandy loam soil at UAS, Main Research Station, Hebbal, Bangalore during Rabi 2010 (September to December). The weed control practices included in the study were i) Pendimethalin 30 EC 1.0 kg a.i./ha – 3 days after sowing, ii) Imazethapyr 10 SL 100 g a.i./ha – 20 days after sowing, iii) Quizalofop-p-ethyl 5 EC 50 g a.i./ha – 20 days after sowing, iv) Chlorimuron ethyl 25 WP 6 g a.i./ha – 20 days after sowing, v) Hand weeding (20 & 40 DAS) and vi) un-weeded control. The experiment was designed as RCBD with four replications. Growth models – Richards, Logistic, Cubic polynomial and Quadratic polynomial simulated the course of dry matter production/plant by >97per cent under all weed management practices, indicating that weed competition did not alter the pattern of crop growth, but affected the total production substantially.
Biofumigation is practiced to control soilborne pests and weeds in agronomic fields. The objectives of this research were to assess the dose response of weed seeds to Indian mustard biofumigation and associate responses to seed dormancy state, initial dormancy, and seed parameters. A petri dish biofumigation methodology was developed to expose seeds of common lambsquarters, bird vetch, wild carrot, common ragweed, green foxtail, velvetleaf, hairy galinsoga, and red clover to allelochemicals produced after rehydrating 0 (control), 1.94, 2.90, 5.81, 11.61, and 17.41 mg cm ⁻² of dried mustard powder. Weed species expressed specific dose responses, estimated ED 50 , LD 50 , and maximal mortality. Hairy galinsoga and wild carrot were consistently the most affected by biofumigation, with maximal mortality reaching 97% and 95%, ED 50 values for germination were 1.91 and 2.68 mg cm ⁻² , and LD 50 values were 3.31 and 3.69 mg cm ⁻² of dried mustard tissue, respectively. Initial dormancy was assessed by germination and tetrazolium tests. Seed parameters such as testa thickness, relative weight of the testa, and seed size were measured directly by manual dissection, weighing seed structures, and stereomicroscopic imaging software measurements. Linear regression analyses revealed initial dormancy to be positively related to ED 50 and LD 50 values with a significant interaction with seed surface and seed width, respectively. Exposure to 5.81 mg cm ⁻² of dried mustard powder increased common ragweed seed mortality for after-ripened seeds by 293% and by 58% for primary dormant seeds compared with untreated seeds. Mortality of common lambsquarters secondary and primary dormant seeds increased by 730% and 106%, respectively, and for wild carrot by 1,193 and 156%, respectively. Results underline the potential to incorporate biofumigation into weed management programs for repression of susceptible weed species.
