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chaenomeles japonica (a) leaves from field-grown plant, (b) fruits, (c) leaves from shoot culture on MS media with 1.0 mg l -1 BaP and 1.0 mg l -1 Iaa, (d) callus on MS with 2.0 mg l −1 2,4d + 0.2 mg l −1 Naa.
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![Inhibition [%] of trophozoites from the Acanthamoeba on three...](profile/Malgorzata-Kikowska/publication/338984937/figure/tbl1/AS:854092956049422@1580643037884/Inhibition-of-trophozoites-from-the-Acanthamoeba-on-three-consecutive-days-of_Q320.jpg)
![determination of MIC and MBC/MFC [mg ml -1 ] of chaenomeles japonica...](profile/Malgorzata-Kikowska/publication/338984937/figure/tbl2/AS:854092956045312@1580643037917/determination-of-MIC-and-MBC-MFC-mg-ml-1-of-chaenomeles-japonica-extracts-against_Q320.jpg)
The free-living Acanthamoeba sp. causes various diseases. Treatment of them is very difficult and not always effective because of encystation, making it highly resistant to antiamoebic drugs. Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and an yeast Candida albicans also exhibit outstanding resistance to an...
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... of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Poznań, Poland. The fruits and leaves were collected from a field-grown old shrub (52°21′55.4″ N 17°00′12.5″ E; 52.365381, 17.003471) in Poznań, in 2013. The aseptic in vitro culture initiation, shoots multiplication (shoot culture), as well as tissue culture (callus) induction and proliferation (Fig. 1) were performed according to Kikowska et al. Callus culture was initiated from leaves of the micropropagated plantlet explants and stabilized on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 2.0 mg l −1 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.2 mg l −1 1-naphtaleneacetic acid (passage 25 th ). The shoots were multiplied on MS media enriched with 1.0 mg ...
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We carried out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phytochemical composition of the fruits of large cranberry cultivars ‘Ben Lear’, ‘Bergman’, ‘Kalnciema agra’, ‘Lemunyon’, ‘Pilgrim’, ‘Stevens’, and ‘Tina’ grown in Latvian climatic conditions. The following predominant compounds were found in cranberry fruit samples: peonidin-3-O-galacto...
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... Lindl. ex Spach extract with a high content of pentacyclic triterpenoids (mainly ursolic, oleanolic, and betulinic acids) [55]. ...
... A similar tendency was observed in the case of extracts from the leaves of shoot cultures of E. campestre and E. planum, for which IC 50 was estimated to be lower than that for extracts from roots obtained in vitro [51]. As it turned out, this activity did not correlate with the content of polyphenols, which, for example, for Eryngium planum, was similar in roots and shoots obtained from micropropagated plants or with the content of triterpene saponins, which was impressively higher in the case of in-vitro-derived roots [55]. If we consider extracts from. ...
... If we consider extracts from. C. japonica, IC 50 was the lowest for extracts from leaves of shoots regenerated in vitro than from shoots of plants from natural sites, callus, or fruits [55]. The anti-acanthomoebic activity of the extracts clearly correlated with the content of pentacyclic triterpenoids [55]. ...
Abstract: (1) Background: The aim of the study was to compare the potency of Plantago media L. (Plan-taginaceae) extracts on Acanthamoeba sp. trophozoites, which are opportunistic protozoan parasites leading to several dangerous diseases; (2) Methods: The chromatographically (TLC, HPLC-DAD) characterized water fractions of the extracts from biomass from in vitro cultures (shoots and roots), leaves, and inflorescences from field cultivation were used for the study of the acanthamoebic activity in a Thoma haemocytometer chamber; (3) Results: The anti-amoebic effect at the lowest concentration (1.0 mg/mL) was demonstrated only by the extract of the leaves from the cultivation (50.50% inhibition). The remaining samples inhibited the growth of parasites from a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL in the range of 41.36% inflorescences to 63.89% shoots in vitro. Quantitative determinations of phenolic compounds in the tested extracts indicate a tendency to increase the potency of the anti-amoebic effect with the content of a phenylethanoid glycoside-acteoside. The maximum content of this compound was determined in leaves from field cultivation (6.64%) and the minimum in inflorescences (0.65%). This is confirmed by the range of the lowest IC 50 values (the strongest biological activity) for the tested samples, 0.95-1.80 mg/mL for leaves from cultivation, and the high values, 9.70-5.30 mg/mL for inflorescences and in-vitro-derived roots. The strength of the biological activity of the extracts correlated with the content of acteoside, which constituted 84-93% of the sum of phenolic compounds determined; (4) Conclusions: The performed investigations proved the anti-acanthamoebic efficacy of Plantago media organs, including those obtainable by biotechnological methods, and indicated phenylethanoid glycosides, their main phenolic constituents, to be responsible for the activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the amoebicidal activity of Plantago media extracts from biomass produced by biotechnological methods and organs of an intact plant.
... Chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and naringenin hexoside were predominant phenols in the extract, accounting for 36.10% and 10.41% of the compounds in PRE (31). Zvikas and Kikowska in their studies also showed that Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica L.) leaves extracts are rich source of polyphenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid (32)(33). Numerous research that was carried out on extracts from Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica L.) fruit presented among others anti-cancer activity. ...
... Numerous research that was carried out on extracts from Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica L.) fruit presented among others anti-cancer activity. However, there have been only several studies that were carried out with the use of leaf extracts from this plant (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). ...
... Similar properties are attributed to the second compound present in the extract, i.e. naringenin hexoside (58). Our team and others have shown evidence for the anti-oxidant activity of leaf extract from Japanese quince was not only proved by our team, additionally Teleszko, Kikowska and Urbanaviciute proved it (24,(31)(32)(33)55). In a different study, we also showed that Japanese quince leaf extract can effectively ameliorate inflammation, reducing expression of several inflammatory mediators, such as COX-2, NO, TNF-a and IL-6, via NF-kB signaling pathway (34). ...
Japanese quince leaf phenol-rich extract (PRE) represents a good source of phenolic compounds, among which chlorogenic acid and naringenin hexoside are the main constituents. The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of PRE in human colon cancer (SW-480 and HT-29) and human normal colon cell line (CCD 841 CoN). All cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of the extract (150-500 κg/mL for SW-480 and CCD 841 CoN; and 250-750 κg/mL for HT-29) to investigate migration and invasion, as well as the activity and secretion of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) involved in these mechanisms. Moreover, the influence of PRE on the activity of ERK and AKT pathways, which are strongly involved in colon cancer development (CRC), were measured. Our results demonstrated that PRE significantly inhibited migration and invasion in SW-480, HT-29 and CCD 841 CoN cells through MMP-2 and MMP-9-dependent mechanisms. We also proved that PRE can effectively downregulate both the activity and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in these cell lines. The exception was the higher concentration of PRE, which up-regulated the protein expression of MMP-9 in SW-480. Additionally, we showed that significant inhibition of p-ERK/p-AKT expression in SW-480 after treatment with PRE is involved in chemopreventive effects of this extract. In case of exposure of HT-29 cells to PRE, we observed a significant upregulation of p-ERK protein expression, and suppression of p-AKT mechanism. This research of Japanese quince phenol leaf extract suggests its application in colon cancer prevention and treatment due to its ability to inhibit migration and invasion in MMP-9 and MMP-2-dependent mechanisms via most likely the modulation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways in colon cancer cells. Overall, our results provide an experimental foundation for further research on its potential activities and effects in vivo.
... [33], leaves and calluses of Passiflora spp. [34], calluses, leaves, and roots of micropropagated plantlets of Chaenomeles japonica [35]. Buddleia cordata is a plant of potential and practical use in the treatment of acanthamoebosis-the therapy uses extracts from the roots, bark, and fruits of this plant. ...
Three species from the Eryngium L. genus—E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum, plants with a rich chemical composition, were selected for phytochemical and biological studies. The applied biotechnological methods allowed to obtain the biomass of these rare or protected species in the form of multiplied shoots (stationary system) and roots cultured in a liquid medium (agitated system). In the extracts from the raw material obtained under in vitro conditions, the content of selected phenolic acids and flavonoids (HPLC-DAD method) as well as the total of polyphenols (Folin–Ciocalteu assay) were quantified. The highest amount of all phenolic compounds was found in extracts from E. planum roots (950.90 ± 33.52 mg/100 g d.w.), and the lowest from E. campestre roots (285.00 ± 10.07 mg/100 g d.w.). The quantitatively dominant compound proved to be rosmarinic acid. The highest amounts were confirmed for E. planum root extract (694.58 mg/100 g d.w.), followed by E. planum (388.95 mg/100 g d.w.) and E. campestre (325.85 mg/100 g d.w.) shoot extracts. The total content of polyphenols was always increased in the biomass from in vitro cultures in comparison to the analogous organs of intact plants of each species. The obtained extracts were assessed for antiprotozoal activity against Acanthamoeba sp. The strength of biological activity of the extracts correlated with the content of phenolic compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the amoebicidal activity of E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum extracts from biomass produced by biotechnological methods.
... This apparent discrepancy may be explained by the fact that quercetin acts in a strain-dependent manner and its concentration may be too low to eradicate the biofilm of this particular reference pseudomonal strain we used in our study. However, various phenolic compounds including flavonols and phenolic-rich extracts are often reported for their general antimicrobial properties [39][40][41][42]. It is noteworthy that the results concerning the biofilm of P. aeruginosa indicate an increase of the metabolic activity of cells (Table 3) after exposure to extracts. ...
The antimicrobial properties of herbs from Papaveraceae have been used in medicine for centuries. Nevertheless, mutual relationships between the individual bioactive substances contained in these plants remain poorly elucidated. In this work, phytochemical composition of extracts from the aerial and underground parts of five Papaveraceae species (Chelidonium majus L., Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. and Körte, C. cheilanthifolia Hemsl., C. pumila (Host) Rchb., and Fumaria vaillantii Loisel.) were examined using LC-ESI-MS/MS with a triple quadrupole analyzer. Large differences in the quality and quantity of all analyzed compounds were observed between species of different genera and also within one genus. Two groups of metabolites predominated in the phytochemical profiles. These were isoquinoline alkaloids and, in smaller amounts, non-phenolic carboxylic acids and phenolic compounds. In aerial and underground parts, 22 and 20 compounds were detected, respectively. These included: seven isoquinoline alkaloids: protopine, allocryptopine, coptisine, berberine, chelidonine, sanguinarine, and chelerythrine; five of their derivatives as well as non-alkaloids: malic acid, trans-aconitic acid, quinic acid, salicylic acid, trans-caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol; and vanillin. The aerial parts were much richer in phenolic compounds regardless of the plant species. Characterized extracts were studied for their antimicrobial potential against planktonic and biofilm-producing cells of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. The impact of the extracts on cellular metabolic activity and biofilm biomass production was evaluated. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts introduced to the polymeric carrier made of bacterial cellulose was assessed. Extracts of C. cheilanthifolia were found to be the most effective against all tested human pathogens. Multiple regression tests indicated a high antimicrobial impact of quercetin in extracts of aerial parts against planktonic cells of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans, and no direct correlation between the composition of other bioactive substances and the results of antimicrobial activity were found. Conclusively, further investigations are required to identify the relations between recognized and unrecognized compounds within extracts and their biological properties.
... Similarly, the extract from the leaves of Chaenomeles japonica shoot cultures, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, inhibited the Acanthamoeba trophozoite growth by over 90% after three days of treatment. The effect was primarily attributed to pentacyclic triterpenoids and phenolic acids [42]. It was mentioned by Derda et al. [41], while comparing the amoebistatic activity of several fractions derived from Eryngium planum, that the flavonoid fraction from leaves actually stimulated the growth of Acanthamoeba, suggesting a protective response. ...
Genetically uniform plant material, derived from Lychnis flos-cuculi propagated in vitro, was used for the isolation of 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B and subjected to an evaluation of the antifungal and antiamoebic activity. The activity of 80% aqueous methanolic extracts, their fractions, and isolated ecdysteroids were studied against pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellani. Additionally, a Microtox® acute toxicity assay was performed. It was found that an 80% methanolic fraction of root extract exerts the most potent amoebicidal activity at IC50 of 0.06 mg/mL at the 3rd day of treatment. Both ecdysteroids show comparable activity at IC50 of 0.07 mg/mL. The acute toxicity of 80% fractions at similar concentrations is significantly higher than that of 40% fractions. Crude extracts exhibited moderate antifungal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range of 1.25-2.5 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first to show the biological activity of L. flos-cuculi in terms of the antifungal and antiamoebic activities and acute toxicity. It is also the first isolation of the main ecdysteroids from L. flos-cuculi micropropagated, ecdysteroid-rich plant material.
... The scientific references on the properties and constituents of Chaenomeles and Chaenomeles juice is modest. There are some articles dealing on Chaenomeles composition and characteristics: sugars and acids (Lesinska, 1987), volatile and nonvolatile flavor components (Lesinska et al., 1988), complex carbohydrate (Golubev et al., 1990), pectic substances (Rumpunen, 1995;Thomas et al., 2003), Chaenomeles fruit juice (Hellín et al., 2003;Ros et al., 2004), fruit characteristics and processing potential (Tarko et al., 2014), tocochromanol composition in the seeds (Górnaś et al., 2014), natural ingredient (Wojdyło et al., 2008), element content (Baranowska-Bosiacka et al., 2017;Komar-Tyomnaya and Dunaevskaya, 2017), active compounds (Miao et al., 2018), pentacyclic triterpenoids (Kikowska et al., 2018), antiamoebic and antimicrobial activities (Kikowska et al., 2019a), polyphenol-rich extracts (Kikowska et al., 2019b), industrial characteristics (Lykholat et al., 2019) and the review on Chaenomeles -health promoting benefits by Watychowicz et al. (2017). ...
The juice in fruits of 19 genotypes of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica), representing plant breeding material, was characterised using high performance liquid chromatography. The juice was extracted by halving and squeezing the fruit. Samples of Japanese quince juice were always analysed fresh. The main compounds found were sugars: glucose (131-1056 mg 100 ml-1), fructose (351-2515 mg 100 ml-1) and sorbitol (10-367 mg 100 ml-1); organic acids: malic acid (2.27-4.84 g 100 ml-1) and quinic acid (0.50-2.50 g 100 ml-1); amino acids: aspartic acid (0.8-10.7 mg 100 ml-1), asparagine (0.2-36.3 mg 100 ml-1) and glutamic acid (6.2-17.7 mg 100 ml-1); the cation potassium (145-214 mg 100 ml-1) and the anion fluoride (21-122 mg 100 ml-1). These results on composition suggest that Japanese quince may be an interesting raw material source of valuable substances and its juice an ingredient for the food industry. A principal components analysis separated the Japanese quince genotypes, thus indicating a clear difference in the chemical composition of the juice.
... Furthermore, the contribution of polyphenolic constituents in the plant extract, should not be neglected. This class of compounds may be strongly involved in the microbes eradication [40]. In one of the most recent studies on polyphenolic compounds contained in extracts of Anthemis praecox aerial parts, quercetin rich extracts presented antimicrobial activity, although stronger against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria [41]. ...
Corydalis and Pseudofumaria are two closely related genera from the Papaveraceae subfamily Fumarioideae with Corydalis solida (C. solida) and Pseudofumaria lutea (P. lutea) as two representative species. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant differences in the quality and quantity of isoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic compounds and non-phenolic carboxylic acids between aerial and underground parts of both species. Using the Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) technique, 21 compounds were identified: five protoberberine derivatives, three protopine derivatives, four phenanthridine derivatives, as well as three carboxylic acids, two hydroxycinnamic acids, one chlorogenic acid, one phenolic aldehyde, and two flavonoids. Moroever, significant differences in the content of individual compounds were observed between the two studied species. The phytochemical profile of C. solida showed a higher variety of compounds that were present in lower amounts, whereas P. lutea extracts contained fewer compounds but in larger quantities. Protopine was one of the most abundant constituents in C. solida (440-1125 µg/g d.w.) and in P. lutea (1036-1934 µg/g d.w.). Moreover, considerable amounts of coptisine (1526 µg/g) and quercetin (3247 µg/g) were detected in the aerial parts of P. lutea. Extracts from aerial and underground parts of both species were also examined for the antimicrobial potential against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. P. lutea herb extract was the most effective (MIC at 0.39 mg/L) against all three pathogens.
... Furthermore, the contribution of polyphenolic constituents in the plant extract, should not be neglected. This class of compounds may be strongly involved in the microbes eradication [40]. In one of the most recent studies on polyphenolic compounds contained in extracts of Anthemis praecox aerial parts, quercetin rich extracts presented antimicrobial activity, although stronger against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria [41]. ...
Corydalis and Pseudofumaria are two closely related genera from the Papaveraceae subfamily Fumarioideae with Corydalis solida (C. solida) and Pseudofumaria lutea (P. lutea) as two representative species. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant differences in the quality and quantity of isoquinoline alkaloids, phenolic compounds and non-phenolic carboxylic acids between aerial and underground parts of both species. Using the Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) technique, 21 compounds were identified: five protoberberine derivatives, three protopine derivatives, four phenanthridine derivatives, as well as three carboxylic acids, two hydroxycinnamic acids, one chlorogenic acid, one phenolic aldehyde, and two flavonoids. Moroever, significant differences in the content of individual compounds were observed between the two studied species. The phytochemical profile of C. solida showed a higher variety of compounds that were present in lower amounts, whereas P. lutea extracts contained fewer compounds but in larger quantities. Protopine was one of the most abundant constituents in C. solida (440-1125 µg/g d.w.) and in P. lutea (1036-1934 µg/g d.w.). Moreover, considerable amounts of coptisine (1526 µg/g) and quercetin (3247 µg/g) were detected in the aerial parts of P. lutea. Extracts from aerial and underground parts of both species were also examined for the antimicrobial potential against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. P. lutea herb extract was the most effective (MIC at 0.39 mg/L) against all three pathogens.
... Among the phenolics of Japanese quince, flavan-3-ols, together with polymers of proanthocyanidins are dominant group of compounds (24). Japanese quince is well known for numerous activities and a growing number of research indicated its valued potential in treatment of many diseases (25,26). The evidence has also demonstrated that Japanese quince fruits extracts can modulate the expression of genes and activity of enzymes or cell pathways that are responsible for processes related to the development of inflammation or cancer (27)(28)(29)(30). ...
... The evidence has also demonstrated that Japanese quince fruits extracts can modulate the expression of genes and activity of enzymes or cell pathways that are responsible for processes related to the development of inflammation or cancer (27)(28)(29)(30). Moreover, fruit of this plant possesses antiradical, antiamoebic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities that can effectively protect the organism (26,29,31,32). Also, our previous studies support that Japanese quince fruits extract can markedly decrease the expression level of several genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis in breast and prostate cancer cells (33). ...
Phenolic compounds are very important in the prevention and treatment of many civilization diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study we investigated and compared the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica L.) leaves crude phenolic extract (CPE) and purified phenolic-rich extracts (PRE). The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis showed that both extracts contain diversified phenolics compounds (33 - 36 compounds in the PRE and CPE, respectively), among which chlorogenic acid and naringenin hexoside turned out to be the main constituents. Both FRAP and ABTS tests showed that PRE had 2-fold higher antioxidant activity compared to CPE. Furthermore, PRE exhibited a higher cytotoxic activity towards colon cancer cells (SW-480 and HT-29) than CPE. After 24-hours incubation with PRE the IC50 value for SW-480 cell line was obtained at the concentration of 239 μg/mL, while CPE treatment caused the same decrease only after 72h at 277 μg/mL. In addition, PRE had a stronger cytotoxic effect on the colon cancer cell lines (SW-480 and HT-29) than on normal intestinal cells (CCD-18Co and CCD 841 CoN). These results provide the first evidence that extracts from Japanese quince leaves (especially phenolic-rich extract, PRE) strongly decrease the viability of both SW-480 and HT-29 lines, which may suggest their cytotoxic activity towards colon cancer cells.
