FIGURE V - uploaded by Marcus José de Azevedo Falcão
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arieties of Dicorynia paraensis. A. Dicorynia paraensis var. paraensis; B. Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla; C. Dicorynia paraensis var. uaupensis; D. Dicorynia paraensis var. ingens. A: Spruce, R. 1918; B: Ducke, A. s.n. RB23321; C: Amaral, I.L. 574; D: Ducke, A. s.n. MG15707(S). Images by: A: Paris Virtual Herbarium; B-D: Reflora. Scale bar: 5cm.
Source publication
Dicorynia stands out among the 17 genera of the diverse legume subfamily Dialioideae as an example of extreme floral reduction and specialization. It has asymmetric flowers presenting a heteromorphic calyx, trimerous corolla, and pair of highly dimorphic stamens, with one or both anthers polysporangiate. The two species of Dicorynia are Amazonian t...
Citations
Androcalymma Dwyer, a monospecific and morphologically unique genus on the legume subfamily Dialioideae, stands out as one of the less known genera of Fabaceae, not being molecularly sampled in phylogenetic studies of the family until now, which led to an uncertain position among other taxa in its clade. Androcalymma glabrifolium, endemic to a small and hardly accessible area in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, was collected once in 1936 and never seen after that, even being conjectured as possibly extinct. Here we describe a recent expedition searching for this enigmatic and rare tree that brought to light an extant population of the species in an indigenous area where it still thrives. The fruits of Androcalymma are here described and illustrated for the first time, as also its flowers’ colors and several other new characters. Here we present its first photographic register, and its DNA is compared to other Dialioideae bringing a solid relationship with the also Amazonian genus Dicorynia, a grouping sustained here by many known and newly discovered morphological characteristics. SEM analyses of flowers and fruits, conservation assessments indicating the critically endangered situation of the genus, taxonomic descriptions, and geographic, systematic, and ecological comments are made.
Martiodendron (Leguminosae/Fabaceae) is a Neotropical genus of trees and shrubs comprising five species. It is characterized by its yellow pentamerous corolla, four to five long poricidal anthers and large, attractive red samaras; it represents an intermediate stage of floral reduction among the 17 genera of the subfamily Dialioideae, which display diverse floral morphologies including different types of reduced flowers in the perianth and androecium. The last taxonomic revision of Martiodendron was published some 60 years ago and there is frequent misidentification of specimens in herbaria, databases, and floristic works with mistreatment of taxa and unclear geographic distributions. Thus, circumscriptions of the species and varieties of the genus require reassessment in light of the substantial new data that has become available during the last several decades. Here, we synthesized morphological, geographical, and ecological data on the genus to produce a modern integrative taxonomic treatment. Our taxonomic concepts are underpinned by analysis of 352 herbarium specimens and substantial fieldwork in South America. We recognize five species and four varieties of Martiodendron. All of these taxa display high levels of morphological and geographical cohesion. One of the varieties, M. mediterraneum var. concinnum, is described as new to science. Detailed descriptions of each recognized taxa are accompanied by illustrations, distribution maps, conservation status assessments, and complete nomenclatural treatments with four new lectotypifications. An identification key and a morphometric analysis of fruits are also provided.
