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activity of crude ethanol extract of Tieghemella heckelii on Methicillin-resistant and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus
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Background
Tieghemella heckelii (Sapotaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Africa, particularly in C?te d?Ivoire for treating various diseases including infections. Identification of prospective antibacterial compounds from stem bark of this plant as a result of its medicinal virtue, led to screening activity against methicillin resistant bacteria....
Context in source publication
Context 1
... potency of the extract was demonstrated at a minimum inhibition concentration value of 0.390 mg/mL, by displaying a bacteriostatic effect for 446C/14, 408C/14, and a bacteri- cidal activity against 1541C/14 and 485C/14. Activity was also observed for bacteria 499C/14 and 1000C/14 respectively at MIC 1.562 and 0.781 mg/mL (Table 1). Additionally, the Turkey Multiple Comparison showed significant variation (P < 0.05) of the crude extract efficacy within the range of 0.048 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. ...Citations
... On the flipside, a plenty of resistance bacterial strains were identified, which possess a threat to the current antimicrobial treatments. 2 So alternative antimicrobial drugs to deal with these pathogens is inexorable. Millions of people have been using the plant derived products and drugs to treat various range infections which has resulted in the global shift towards the use of Phyto medication rather than costly chemically synthesized drugs and compounds which leads to many side effects. ...
... Pierre ex. Dubard), a timber species of the Sapotaceae family, is used to treat toothache, blennorrhoea, and malaria, whereas the seed is employed against hernia [32-34.]. e stem bark of T. heckelii has been reported to possess cytotoxic, antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the plant [33,[35][36][37]. ...
Malaria and trypanosomiasis are protozoan diseases which pose a devastating challenge to human health and productivity especially, in Africa where their respective vectors (female Anopheles mosquito and tsetse fly) abound. Various medicinal plants are used to treat these parasitic diseases. However, the scientific basis of their use and toxicological profiles have not been assessed. We have, therefore, evaluated the antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal, and cytotoxic activities of four African medicinal plant extracts namely, Anthonotha macrophylla leaf (AML), Annickia polycarpa leaf (APLE), Tieghemella heckelii stem bark (THBE), and Antrocaryon micraster stem bark (AMSBE) extracts in vitro against P. falciparum (W2mef laboratory strain), T. brucei (GUTat 3.1 strain), and mammalian RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, respectively. The most active antiplasmodial extract was AML (IC50 = 5.0 ± 0.08 μg/mL with SI of 21.9). THBE also, produced the most effective antitrypanosomal activity (IC50 = 11.0 ± 0.09 μg/mL and SI of 10.2) among the extracts. In addition, none of the extracts produced toxic effect in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line except APLE which was moderately cytotoxic and also produced the least SI in both antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial assays. These results suggest that AML and THBE could offer safe and alternative therapy for malaria and trypanosomiasis. This is the first study to report the antitrypanosomal and in vitro antiplasmodial activities of these four plants/plant parts. The cytotoxicity of the plant parts used is also being reported for the first time except for the T. heckelii stem bark.
... Dubard, a timber species of the Sapotaceae family, is used to treat toothache, blennorrhoea and malaria whereas the seed is employed against hernia (Burkill, 2000;CSIR-FORIG, 2019). The stem bark of T. heckelii have been reported to possess cytotoxic, anti-bacterial, analgesic and anti-in ammatory activities (Kipre et al., 2017;Kumatia and Appiah-Opong, 2021). ...
Malaria and trypanosomiasis are protozoan diseases which pose a devastating challenge to human health and productivity especially, in Africa where their respective vectors (Female Anopheles mosquito and tsetse fly) abound. Various medicinal plants are used to treat these parasitic diseases. However, the scientific basis of their use and toxicological profiles have not been assessed. We have therefore, evaluated the anti-plasmodial, anti-trypanosomal and cytotoxicity activities of four African medicinal plant extracts namely, Anthonotha macrophylla leaf (AML), Annickia polycarpa leaf (APLE), Tieghemella heckelii stem bark (THBE) and Antrocaryon micraster stem bark (AMSBE) extracts in vitro against P. falciparum (W2mef laboratory strain), T. brucei (GUTat 3.1 strain) and mammalian RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line respectively. The most active anti-plasmodial extract was AML (IC 50 = 5.0 ± 0.08 µg/mL with SI of 21.9). THBE also, produced the most effective ant-trypanosomal activity (IC 50 = 11.0 ± 0.09 µg/mL and SI of 10.2) among the extracts. In addition, none of the extracts produced toxic effect in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line expect APLE which was moderately cytotoxic and also produced the least SI in both anti-trypanosomal and anti-plasmodial assays. These results suggest that AML and THBE could offer safe and alternative therapy for malarial and trypanosomiasis. This is the first study to report the anti-trypanosomal and in vitro anti-plasmodial activities of these four plants. The cytotoxicity of the plant parts used are also being reported for the first time except for T. heckelii stem bark.
... e young bud is employed against snake bites, and the stem bark is used to treat blennorrhoea and toothache [8]. Few biological activities such as antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and anti-HIV inhibitory effects of the plant have been reported [9,10]. Although T. heckelii is used to treat blennorrhoea and toothache, which is indicative of its antiinflammatory and analgesic properties, these activities of the plant have not been evaluated. ...
Background:
Tieghemella heckelii stem bark is used in African traditional medicine to treat inflammatory pain conditions. However, these biological actions of the plant have not been proven. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and the mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of the hydroethanolic stem bark extract of T. heckelii (THBE).
Methods:
Phytochemical composition of THBE was investigated using qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema assay. Analgesic activity was evaluated using hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing assays. Mechanism of analgesic action was determined using pharmacological antagonist such as naloxone, atropine, flumazenil, nifedipine, or ketamine. Test agents were administered orally as follows: Tween 80 (5%) (control), diclofenac sodium (DS) 10/tramadol 9 mg/kg (standard), or THBE 10, 100, and 450 mg/kg. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured.
Results:
THBE which contained 58.45% saponins, 229.04 ± 0.049 GAE mg/g phenolic compounds,and 0.482 ± 0.0028 QE mg/g flavonoids produced (p < 0.5) anti-inflammatory effect of 56.22% and analgesia of 330 ± 72% and 50.4% in the hot plate and writhing assays, respectively, at 10 mg/kg and inhibited oxidative stress by GPx and SOD elevation in rats during inflammation. Ketamine significantly blocked the analgesia of THBE, indicating NMDA receptor-dependent analgesic action. Whereas, naloxone, atropine, nifedipine, and flumazenil could not antagonize the analgesic action of THBE.
Conclusion:
These results show that THBE produced potent anti-inflammatory effect via disruption of oxidative stress and also generated NMDA receptor-dependent analgesia.
... Литературные данные свидетельствуют, что травяные препараты могут действовать не только как пищевые добавки, но и как средства предотвращения или контроля различных бактериальных инфекций (особенно кишечных и респираторных), инфекций, вызванных отдельными кишечными патогенами, в частности E. Coli (Miyasaki Y et al., 2010). Также сообщалось, что фитосоединения проявляют сильную антибактериальную активность против метициллинрезистентных бактерий (МРЗС) (Kipre BG et al., 2017) и бактерий, продуцирующих бета-лактамазы расширенного спектра действия . ...
... Литературные данные свидетельствуют, что травяные препараты могут действовать не только как пищевые добавки, но и как средства предотвращения или контроля различных бактериальных инфекций (особенно кишечных и респираторных), инфекций, вызванных отдельными кишечными патогенами, в частности E. Coli (Miyasaki Y et al., 2010). Также сообщалось, что фитосоединения проявляют сильную антибактериальную активность против метициллинрезистентных бактерий (МРЗС) (Kipre BG et al., 2017) и бактерий, продуцирующих бета-лактамазы расширенного спектра действия . ...
... To name a few, extacts from 18 herbal plants considerably limited the growth of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii under in vitro conditions (135). Recently, phytocompounds have been reported to display potent antibacterial activity against MRSA (136) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (137,138). Interest toward adopting plant-based compounds as therapeutics is gaining interest. ...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one among the most common priority areas identified by both national and international agencies, is mushrooming as a silent pandemic. The advancement in public health care through introduction of antibiotics against infectious agents is now being threatened by global development of multidrug-resistant strains. These strains are product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage (AMU). Though antibiotic application in livestock has largely contributed toward health and productivity, it has also played significant role in evolution of resistant strains. Although, a significant emphasis has been given to AMR in humans, trends in animals, on other hand, are not much emphasized. Dairy farming involves surplus use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promoting agents. This non-therapeutic application of antibiotics, their dosage, and withdrawal period needs to be re-evaluated and rationally defined. A dairy animal also poses a serious risk of transmission of resistant strains to humans and environment. Outlining the scope of the problem is necessary for formulating and monitoring an active response to AMR. Effective and commendably connected surveillance programs at multidisciplinary level can contribute to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance. Besides, it requires a renewed emphasis on investments into research for finding alternate, safe, cost effective, and innovative strategies, parallel to discovery of new antibiotics. Nevertheless, numerous direct or indirect novel approaches based on host–microbial interaction and molecular mechanisms of pathogens are also being developed and corroborated by researchers to combat the threat of resistance. This review places a concerted effort to club the current outline of AMU and AMR in dairy animals; ongoing global surveillance and monitoring programs; its impact at animal human interface; and strategies for combating resistance with an extensive overview on possible alternates to current day antibiotics that could be implemented in livestock sector.
... These four South East Asian plants are respectively from Leguminosae, Gleicheniaceae, Melastomatacea and Elaeocarpacea families. Another comparison with early studies by B.G. Kipre, et al. [17], displayed MIC values of F. Africana to be of great interest. ...
Funtumia africana Stapf. (Apocynaceae) is among the diverse medicinal plants of Ivorian National flora used
for several pathologies’ treatment. Complexity in curing some of the diseases associated with bacteria resistance, brought up inefficiency of a great number of current antimicrobial drugs. The present study evaluates the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of the leaves of F.africana against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, secondary metabolites were screened out to discover new groups of molecular compounds responsible for specific activity. Bioassay experiments used were disk diffusion and Muller-Hinton broth dilution methods, to respectively determine the inhibition zone diameters and antibacterial key factors. As for the phytochemical investigation, test tubes colorimetric method was performed. Results showed that hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of F.africana displayed strong activity with respective inhibition zone diameter comprised between 17.4 mm and 25.7 mm, and 16.7 mm and 19.7 mm. For both types of extracts, the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) varied from 0.046 to 1.56 mg/mL, demonstrating as a result, a bactericidal effect against the majority of strains tested. The current work, therefore justifies the use of F.africana as traditional medicine against bacterial infections.
... These four South East Asian plants are respectively from Leguminosae, Gleicheniaceae, Melastomatacea and Elaeocarpacea families. Another comparison with early studies by B.G. Kipre, et al. [17], displayed MIC values of F. Africana to be of great interest. ...
... Thus, with the MIC ranging from 0.048 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL, they opposed bactericidal effect to most of the tested bacteria. When considering the cutoff point set up in early studies, methanol extract displayed significant antibacterial activity with MIC lowest values of 97 µg/mL and 48 µg/mL against imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa [11]. In evaluating the activity of all plant extracts towards the reference material ATCC 27853, a bactericidal effect was noticed. ...
Background: Stem bark of Tieghemella heckelii (Sapotaceae) used
as traditional medicine for its therapeutic effect on infectious diseases
in Ivory Coast, was tested against imipenem-resistant bacteria for
efficacy assessment.
Methods: Six extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol,
methanol and sterile distilled water) were prepared and tested on
Imipenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA), using broth
microdilution for activity evaluation. From this experiment, the Minimum
Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal
Concentrations (MBCs) of the plant extracts were determined in
96-well micro-plates in order to search for both bacteriostatic and
bactericidal effects. Thereafter, data analysis was performed using
GraphPad Prism 5 software (One-way ANOVA, Bartlett test for equal
variance and Turkey Multiple Comparison test). The results were
then presented as Mean ± SD for experiment repeated three times.
Results: Four extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and sterile
distilled water) showed credible potency, with strong, significant andmoderate growth inhibition of the IRPA tested. The MIC values varied
depending on microbial phenotype, and were within the range of
0.048 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. As for the MBC values, also associated
to bacteria strain type, they demonstrated both bacteriostatic and
bactericidal effects of the active extracts towards Imipenem-resistant
P. aeruginosa.
Conclusion: Stem bark extracts of Tieghemella heckelii showed an
antibacterial effect towards imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. They
could therefore be used to deplete the prevalence rate of the named
resistant strains.
Keywords: Antibacterial; Imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
Ivory Coast; Tieghemella heckelii
