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a – c — Thiothrix nivea ( a , b — 1000 x, c — 60 x), d — Thiothrix annulata (250 x), e — Beggiatoa min ima (1000 x), f — Beggiatoa alba (900 x), g , h — Oscillatoria tenuis ( g — 2000 x, h — 1000 x), i — Lyngbya aerugineo-coerulea (1000 x), j — Pseudanabaena constricta (1000 x), k — Achroonema spiroideum (2000 x); a – c , k — af ter Häusler (1982), d , f — af ter Huber-Pestalozzi (1938), e — orig i nal, g , h — af ter Starmach (1966)
Source publication
Microorganisms colonising sulphurous waters were found at the bottoms of the spring niches and along spring outflows. Five springs from the Carpathians and two from the Carpathian Foredeep were selected for investigations. Sulphurous flora is represented mainly by sulphuric bacteria. They occur as individual threads, spider-webs, festoons, encrusta...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... In both these springs Chromatium weissei (Fig. 3c), Ch. okenii (Fig. 3j) oc cur abun dantly. Also Chlorobium vibrioforme (Fig. 3h and i) formed masses here dur ing the sum mer but it did not oc cur in the re main ing springs in ves ti gated. More al gal taxa oc cur in the "Na po leon" spring than in the "Główne" spring: Pseudanabaena constricta (Fig. 4j), Lyngbya aeru gineo-coerulea (Fig. 4i), Navicula sp. div., Nitzschia linearis (Fig. 5h), Pinnularia viridis (Fig. 5f), Euglena mutabilis (Fig. 5b), E. viridis (Fig. 5a) and Lepocinclis ovum (Fig. 5c) while Euglena viridis and E. retronata (Fig. 5d) de vel oped abun dantly dur ing Au gust ...
Context 2
... (Fig. 3c), Ch. okenii (Fig. 3j) oc cur abun dantly. Also Chlorobium vibrioforme (Fig. 3h and i) formed masses here dur ing the sum mer but it did not oc cur in the re main ing springs in ves ti gated. More al gal taxa oc cur in the "Na po leon" spring than in the "Główne" spring: Pseudanabaena constricta (Fig. 4j), Lyngbya aeru gineo-coerulea (Fig. 4i), Navicula sp. div., Nitzschia linearis (Fig. 5h), Pinnularia viridis (Fig. 5f), Euglena mutabilis (Fig. 5b), E. viridis (Fig. 5a) and Lepocinclis ovum (Fig. 5c) while Euglena viridis and E. retronata (Fig. 5d) de vel oped abun dantly dur ing Au gust ...
Context 3
... taxa Chromatium gracile, Ch. weissei and Thiocapsa roseopersicina (Fig. 3k) oc cur as masses in the "Paweł" spring at Polichty, colour ing the sed i ment pink ish-vi o let. Achroo - nema spiroideum (Fig. 4k) and Chlorochromatium aggregatum (Fig. 3m), which were not ob served in the other springs, de vel oped ...
Citations
... 19°56′00.9″E) in Swoszowice, the administrative district of Kraków. Water of the Napoleon spring is characterized by having hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S = 61.1 mg/dm 3 ) and is slightly acidic, near neutral pH (pH = 6.8) (Rajchel et al. 2002). The sample was collected in a sterile container. ...
... To date, the species has been previously isolated and phylogenetically studied from only six localities in the world: Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Portugal and a locality in Poland (Table 1). Interestingly, an isolation from Poland was the first from an environment characterized by slightly acidic, nearly neutral pH (pH = 6.8) (Rajchel et al. 2002) in contrast to the remaining strains, where pH was highly acidic (pH < 3) (Gadanho et al. 2006;Zhao et al. 2010;Vázquez-Campos et al. 2014;Hujslová et al. 2017;Bernardelli et al. 2021). Detection of C. fodinicola from the Napoleon spring indicates that extremely acidic conditions are not required for the occurrence of this species. ...
... The isolation and phylogenetic examination of C. fodinicola from Napoleon spring shed a new light into the biology of this species by being the first phylogenetically confirmed report of C. fodinicola from non-extremely acidic environment, but where acids occur. It is worth noting, that the Napoleon spring, despite a nearly neutral pH, is characterized by the relatively high concentration of H 2 S (61.1 mg/dm 3 ), as well as being inhabited by sulphur bacteria (Rajchel et al. 2002). Sulphur bacteria take a part in transformations of sulphur and hydrogen sulfide in such habitats (Rajchel et al. 2002). ...
Coniochaeta fodinicola is an acidophilic fungus which has been isolated only several times from extremely acidic environments. In this study, Coniochaeta fodinicola was isolated from a sulphurous spring with slightly acidic, nearly neutral pH water (pH = 6.8) in Poland. The identification of this fungus was conducted based on sequencing and phyloge-netic analyses of ITS and LSU rDNA regions. Detailed morphological characteristics were provided for the isolated strain. The finding of C. fodinicola in a slightly acidic environment indicates that the species may occur in a broader range of conditions than previously known.
... It is hypothesized that primary sulfates in waters originated from dissolution of Badenian gypsum, while salinity was the effect of washing out the salt deposits during the infiltration period. Currently observed high concentration of sulfides is expected to result from microbial redox activities in this anoxic environment [14][15][16]. The isotopic composition ( 18 O, 2 H, 3 H, 4 He, 40 Ar) suggests that sulfidic waters originated from the meteoric water infiltration, which occurred in the last interglacial period and earlier, in the warm Pre-Pleistocene climates [17,18]. ...
... Microbial community compositions of sulfide-rich terrestrial and subterrestrial waters were investigated with both classical (culture-dependent) and molecular (culture-independent) methods [3,8,14,15,[21][22][23]. A few microbial diversity analyses of several Carpathian sulfidic springs done so far were based on microscopic observations and gave only the superficial view of microbial life [14,24]. ...
... Microbial community compositions of sulfide-rich terrestrial and subterrestrial waters were investigated with both classical (culture-dependent) and molecular (culture-independent) methods [3,8,14,15,[21][22][23]. A few microbial diversity analyses of several Carpathian sulfidic springs done so far were based on microscopic observations and gave only the superficial view of microbial life [14,24]. They showed that sulfiderich waters are abundantly inhabited by diverse sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOBs), that form consortia consisting either of the genera Chlorobium, Chromatium and Thiothrix, or Beggiatoa and Thiothrix [14]. ...
Intraterrestrial waters harbor microbial communities being extensively studied to understand microbial processes underlying subsurface ecosystem functioning. This paper provides the results of an investigation on the microbiomes of unique, subsurface sulfidic waters associated with Upper Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Miocene sediments. We used high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to reveal the structure of bacterial and archaeal communities in water samples differing in sulfide content (20–960 mg/dm³), salinity (1.3–3.2%), and depth of extraction (60–660 m below ground level). Composition of the bacterial communities strongly varied across the samples; however, the bacteria participating in the sulfur cycle were common in all sulfidic waters. The shallowest borehole water (60 m bgl) was dominated by sulfur-oxidizing Epsilonproteobacteria (Sulfurimonas, Sulfurovum). In the waters collected from greater depths (148–300 m bgl), the prevalence of Betaproteobacteria (Comamonadaceae) and sulfate/sulfur-reducing Deltaproteobacteria (Desulfopila, Desulfomicrobium, MSBL7) was observed. Sulfate reducers (members of Clostridia: Candidatus Desulforudis) were the most abundant bacteria in the deepest borehole water (660 m bgl). Out of 850 bacterial OTUs, only one, affiliated with the Comamonadaceae family, was found abundant (> 1% of total bacterial sequences) in all samples. Contribution of Archaea to the whole microbial communities was lower than 0.5%. Archaeal communities did not differ across the samples and they consisted of Halobacteriaceae. Out of 372 archaeal OTUs, five, belonging to the four genera Natronomonas, Halorubrum, Halobellus, and Halorhabdus, were the most numerous.
... The species is known from freshwater and saline water, where it occurs in insolated places. It is also found often in sulphuric waters (Häusler 1982;Topińska-Luchter 1951;Rajchel et al. 2002). The habitat conditions prevailing in the Owczary Reserve are in agreement with the ecological requirements of this bacterium. ...
... Previously, Thiocystis violacea was noted in the Owczary Reserve by Topińska-Luchter (1951). Later it was reported from two sulphuric springs: Główne and Jerzy in the Polish Carpathians (Rajchel et al. 2002). ...
... However, Vaucheria dichotoma and Thiocystis violacea are rather facultative halophytes, as they may occur also in freshwater habitats. Thiothrix annulata probably should be treated as an obligatory halophyte, but this is not completely clear since it was found twice in sulphuric springs (Rajchel et al. 2002). Thiocystis violacea and Thiothrix annulata occurred most abundantly in the sulphuric saline spring and singly in the drainage ditch. ...
The occurrence of Vaucheria dichotoma (L.) C. Agardh and two sulphuric and halophilous bacteria, Thiocystis violacea Vinogradskij and Thiothrix annulata Molisch, in the Owczary Reserve in central Poland is briefl y discussed. All three organisms are described and illustrated. Vaucheria dichotoma and Thiocystis violacea are considered to be facultative halophytes, while Thiothrix annulata probably should be treated as an obligatory halophyte.
The occurrence of Vaucheria dichotoma (L.) C. Agardh and two sulphuric and halophilous bacteria, Thiocystis violacea Vinogradskij and Thiothrix annulata Molisch, in the Owezary Reserve in central Poland is briefly discussed. All three organisms are described and illustrated. Vaucheria dichotoma and Thiocystis violacea are considered to be facultative halophytes, while Thiothrix annulata probably should be treated as an obligatory halophyte.
The algae of a threatened peat bog in Modlniczka near Kraków, situated in the Wyżyna Krakowsko-Czecstochowska upland in Poland, are described, illustrated and briefly discussed. The 216 taxa reported from the peat bog include 159 species and varieties, and 35 morphotypes of chrysophyte stomatocysts; 22 algae are identified only to genus level. One species, Trachelomonas elliptica (Playfair) M. Deflandre, is new to Europe. Nine species are new to Poland: in Chrysophyceae, Ochromonas sphagnalis W. Conrad, O. tenera H. Mey.; in Bacillariophyceae, Diploneis petersenii Hust. and Navicula pseudobryophila (Hust.) Hust.; in Euglenophyta, Phacus balatonicus Hortob., Lepocinclis cf. spirogyra Korshikov and Thachelomonas cf. komarovii Skvortzov; and in Chlorophyta, Closterium dianae Ehrenb. ex Ralfs cf. var. brevius (Petkoft) Willi Krieg. and C. parvulum Nägeli var. cornutum (Playfair) Willi Krieg. New to the Wyżyna Krakowsko-Czecstochowska upland are 33 species: in Cyanophyta, Oscillatoria maior Vaucher and O. utermoehliana (Utermöhl) Elenkin; in Chrysophyceae, Ochromonas mutabilis G. A. Klebs, Chrysococcus tessellatus F. E. Fritsch and Dinobryon divergens O. E. Imhof; in Xanthophyceae, Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzí, Botryochloris minima Pascher, Gloeobotrys chlorinus Pascher and G. limneticus (G. M. Sm.) Pascher; in Bacillariophyceae, Adlafia bryophila (J. B. Petersen) Lange-Bert., Brachysira brebissonii R. Ross, Cavinula variostriata (Krasske) D. G. Mann & A. J. Stickle, Chamaepinnularia soehrensis Krasske var. hassiaca (Krasske) Lange-Bert., Eucocconeis flexella (Kütz.) Cleve var. alpestris (Brun) Hust., Eunotia implicata Nörpel, Lange-Bert. & Alles, E. meisteri Hust., Fragilaria famelica (Kütz.) Lange-Bert., Frustulia crassinervia (Bréb.) Lange-Bert. & Krammer, Navicula festiva Krasske, Neidium hercynicum Art. Meyer, Pinnularia divergentissima (Grunow) Cleve, P. stomatophora (Grunow) Cleve, P. viridiformis Krammer and Sellaphora pseudopupula (Krasske) Lange-Bert.; in Cryptophyta, Cryptomonas obovata Skuja; and in Chlorophyta, Elakatothrix genevensis (Reverdin) Hindák, Schroederia planctonica (Skuja) Philipose, Closterium praelongum Bréb. var. brevius (Nordst.) Willi Krieg., Cosmarium pachydermum J. W. G. Lund var. minus Nordst., C. vexatum W. West, Euastrum ansatum Ralfs var. pyxidatum Delponte, Pleurotaenium nodulosum (Bréb.) de Bary and Pleurotaenium trabecula (Ehrenb.) ex Nägeli var. crassum Wittr.
Lake Piaseczno is a unique basin that was created twenty years ago, as the disused opencast sulfur mine in southern Poland was naturally inundated. Large amounts of sulfur dioxide limited seasonal phytoplankton development while simultaneously reducing the number of species. The chrysophyte Dinobryon divergens was one of the species which did develop intensively during mid summer. Other taxa that were noted often included the dinoflagellates Peridinium and Ceratium and the cyanobacteria Anabaena (early summer). Coccal green algae, diatoms, and euglenophytes were among the other numerous species noted. The hard, saline waters and the high concentration of sulfur hydrogen near the bottom along with the toxic impact of heavy metals create specific conditions that are favorable for some algae species while undesirable to others.
This study present 9 species of colourless euglenoid flagellates found in a small peat bog in Budzyń, a village north-west of Cracow, which belongs to the Małopolska Upland (Southern Poland). This threatened peat bog is covered with rubble brought from neighbouring Cracow. Only ca 30% of its area is relatively little influenced by human activity. Many of the present species are rarely and infrequently reported from nature. Three species, including Rhabdomonas incurva Fresenius, Entosiphon obliquum Klebs, E. ovatum Stokes, and one variety Menoidium pellucidum Perty var. gracile (Playfair) Popova have been recorded for the first time from Poland. Three species Astasia dangeardii Lemmermann var. dangeardii, Rhabdomonas costata (Koršikov) Pringsheim and Entosiphon sulcatum (Dujardin) Stein var. sulcatum Stein are new for the flora of Cracow-Czȩstochowa Upland. The remaining taxa: Menoidium pellucidum Perty var. pellucidum and M. tortuosum (Stokes) Senn var. tortuosum are very rarely recorded from Poland. For each species illustrations, taxonomic information and biogeographical data are given.
