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a–c: Entoloma dichroum. a. LE227472 (photo taken at the neotype locality); b. herbarium SGC; c. JVG 1070821-4. — d. E. eugenei LE 253771, holotype. — e, f. E. allochroum LE254324. — Scale bars = 1 cm. — Photos by: a, d. O. Morozova; b. S. Català; c. J. Vila; e, f. K. Potapov.
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This study reveals the concordance, or lack thereof, between morphological and phylogenetic species concepts within Entoloma subg. Leptonia in boreal-temperate Eurasia, combining a critical morphological examination with a multigene phylogeny based on nrITS, nrLSU and mtSSU sequences. A total of 16 taxa was investigated. Emended concepts of subg. L...
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A taxonomical review, based on re-examination of the types and extensive original materials of the Caucasian species of the subgenus Peryphanes Jeannel, 1941 (Coleptera: Carabidae: Bembidion Latreille, 1802) is given. Altogether, 8 species are recognized as valid within the area in question, three of them being new to science: Bembidion imereticum...
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... The taxa are divided into two clades based on the shape of basidiospores. The members with basidiospores angular in all faces are placed in Entoloma clade; while those with basidiospores angular only in polar view that have ornamentations in the form of longitudinal ridges or dominantly dispersed bumps are placed in Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade (Pegler 1977;Horak 1980Horak , 2008Noordeloos 1984;Singer 1986;Manimohan et al. 1995Manimohan et al. , 2006Baroni & Halling 2000;Gates & Noordeloos 2007;Co-David et al. 2009;Henkel et al. 2010; Baroni & Matheny 2011;Noordeloos & Gates 2012;He et al. 2013;Kluting et al. 2014;Morozova et al. 2014;Karstedt & Capelari 2015Noordeloos et al. 2018;Karstedt et al. 2019;Brandrud et al. 2020;Sulzbacher et al. 2020;Dima et al. 2021;Noordeloos et al. 2021). ...
A new species, Entoloma khushabense, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular evidence from Pakistan. The key features of the new species that make it distinct from closely related taxa include the presence of conspicuous cheilocystidia and caulocystidia, and hyphae having constrictions in the walls. Morphological data and phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large sub-unit (LSU) regions of nuclear rDNA support that the present species differs from previously known members of Entoloma.
... (He et al. 2013), Leptonia (Fr.) Noordel. (Morozova et al. 2014a), Trichopilus (Romagn.) Noordel. ...
Entoloma is one of the largest genera of Agaricales in terms of species diversity and is widespread throughout the world. In the present study, four new species, namely Entoloma brunneofibrillosum, E. humidiphilum, E. ochraceodiscum, and E. colchicum, are introduced as new to science. These species are described based on specimens collected in Cyprus, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Spain, and Türkiye, including morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Entoloma brunneofibrillosum is recognized by its brown to dark brown pileus with conspicuous dark, radial fibrils, a pale brown stipe with glistening fibrils, and usually fusiform to broadly clavate cheilocystidia. It belongs to the /Undulatosporum clade. Entoloma humidiphilum (subg. Alboleptonia) is close to E. niveum from New Zealand but differs by a completely pruinose or minutely squamulose pileus surface, narrowly cylindrical to cylindrical pileipellis elements with a deep median constriction, and by occurring in riparian habitats. Entoloma ochraceodiscum is characterized by funnel-shaped basidiomata with a deeply depressed yellowish-brown pileus and belongs to the section Griseorubida. Entoloma colchicum (subg. Nolanea) is similar to E. ortonii but differs by its distinctive radially fibrillose or velutinous pileus and the absence of odour. The new species are presented with photographs, line drawings, and comparisons with similar taxa.
... It resembles Entoloma percoelestinum O.V. Morozova, Noordel., Vila & Bulyonk. by the small-sized dark blue mycenoid basidiomata [39]. Microscopically the absence of cheilocystidia and small spores also make them similar. ...
... Hesler-by the smooth stipe and slightly larger spores, E. lepidissimum (Svrček) Noordel. and E. venustum-by the coloured lamellae, distinctly larger spores, and presence of the cheilocystidia, E. chytrophilum possesses large nodulose spores [39]. The American species E. subcoelestinum (Largent) Blanco-Dios is characterized by the initially coloured lamellae, moniliform cells in the pileipellis, and larger indistinctly angular spores [32]. ...
Four new species of Entoloma from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and Ta Dung National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam and are described here on the base of the molecular and morphological data. Phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrLSU and tef1α regions. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion on similar taxa are given. Entoloma cycneum and E. peristerinum belong to the subgenus Cubospora. They are morphologically similar species and are characterized by white or whitish basidiomata with yellowish or beige tinges and with mainly smooth, glabrous, and hygrophanous pileus, longitudinally fibrillose or fibrillose-scaly white stipe, cuboid spores, and more or less cylindrical cheilocystidia, arising from hymenophoral trama. Entoloma peristerinum posseses initially more coloured beige conical pileus, discolouring to white with age and drying. The pileus of E. cycneum is initially white, hemisphaerical to convex, usually with thin pubescence near the margin. The species can be recognized also by the cheilocystidia form: serrulatum-type in E. cycneum vs. porphyrogriseum-type in E. peristerinum. Another two species belong to the subgenus Leptonia. Entoloma tadungense is close to E. percoelestinum from which it differs by smaller spores with pronounced angles, presence of the cheilocystidia, and the lilac discolouration of the stipe. E. dichroides is named after its similarity to E. dichroum, a dark blue coloured species with pronouncedly angled basidiospores. It is distinguished by the basidiospores form—irregularly 5(–6) angled with elongated apiculus, as well as by absence of the cheilocystidia and darker basidiomata with conical pileus. The article also describes the history of the study of the genus Entoloma in Vietnam with a list of 29 species mentioned in the publications for this country.
... It is one of the few remaining "mammoth-genera" which (at least in Europe) is still kept as one single genus and not split into many smaller genera, despite the large morphological, genetic and ecological variation across the numerous lineages (cfr. monographs of subgenera such as Morgado et al. 2013, Morozova et al. 2014). The reasons for this comprehensive approach are manyfold, but are mainly based on the fact that variability in Entoloma is complex and still not fully understood, and more specifically, many clades in phylogenetic analyses show low support with the genetic markers applied so far (see e.g. ...
... In the past this group has often referred to as subgenus Leptonia (Noordeloos 2004). Recent phylogenetic results, however, show that Leptonia forms a distant clade, and is restricted to a small group of species mainly occurring in forests and often on litter or dead wood (Morozova et al. 2014, Noordeloos et al. 2022a). These species have clamped hyphae, whereas the species in subgenus Cyanula are clampless. ...
... Microscopic observations were made using standard methods (see e.g. Morozova et al. 2014). ...
This is the third paper with results from the Norwegian Entoloma project 2015-2017. An overview is given of the species of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula in Norway. Cyanula includes, among other elements, many grassland fungi. This paper is part of a larger study concerning the European species of the subgenus Cyanula, including a multigene phylogeny that will be published in due course. Furthermore, a monograph with updated taxonomic revision is recently issued. This paper focuses mainly on the species recorded from Norway with help of ITS DNA barcoding, with reference to recent collections also from Northern Sweden, with extensive notes of their habitat requirements and distribution. Altogether 53 Cyanula species are presented here, with an updated circumscription and naming. More than half of these are reported new to Norway since the start of the Norwegian Entoloma project. Of these, 18 have been described as new during the last three years, largely based on Norwegian material. Four of these are known exclusively from Scandinavia.
... Leptonia but shown to be phylogenetically quite distant from the clamped Leptonia s. str. taxa (Morozova et al. 2014). The material in the present study comes from various sources. ...
In anticipation of a phylogenetically revised monograph of Entoloma in Europe, six new species of subgenus Cyanula are described here. Entoloma cistocruentatum is associated with Cistus in Spain, E. dislocatum occurs in montane regions in Catalonia (Spain) and Tuscany (Italy), E. indikon is known from Denmark and three species are mainly distributed in the Nordic countries in Europe: E. calceus, E. perchalybeum and E. praecipuum. Entoloma incarnatofuscescens, from the /Rusticoides clade is neotypified. A fully amended description is given based on molecular evidence, which includes the recently described E. violaceoparkensis and E. klofacianum which became later synonyms.
Citation: Noordeloos ME, Vila J, Jordal JB, Kehlet T, Brandrud TE, Bendiksen E, Moreau P-A, Dondl M, Lorås J, Larsson E, Dima B (2022). Contributions to the revision of the genus Entoloma (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe: six new species from subgenus Cyanula and typification of E. incarnatofuscescens. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 9: 87–97. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.06
... Noordeloos (1982: 452) was made in the framework of the subgenus Leptonia. The traditional morphology-based concept of Entoloma subgenus Leptonia (Noordeloos 1992(Noordeloos , 2004 appeared to be polyphyletic (Co-David et al. 2009, Morozova et al. 2014, and accordingly section Cyanula was raised to the rank of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula (Noordeloos & Gates 2012). In concordance to the other opinion, Leptonia is considered as a separate genus (e.g., Horak 1980, 2008, Largent 1977, 1994, and combinations Leptonia subgenus Cyanula (Romagn.) ...
Three new species of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula (Entoloma argus, E. arion, and E. icarus) from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and one species of subgenus Claudopus (E. daphnis) from Cat Tien National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central and South Vietnam and are described here. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion of similar taxa are given. Phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU regions. The results confirm the polyphyletic origin of the pleurotoid basidiocarp form in the genus Entoloma.
... Co-David et al. (2009) demonstrated that a high number of subgroups in this classification were not monophyletic based on molecular phylogenetic results. With the incorporation of DNA sequence data, several subgenera have since been revised, viz., Pouzarella by He et al. (2013), Leptonia by Morozova et al. (2014a), Entoloma (as "Rhodopolia") by Kokkonen (2015), and Claudopus by He et al. (2019). The section Cyanula was elevated to the rank of subgenus by Noordeloos and Gates (2012) and two new subgenera, Cubospora and Cuboeccilia, were described by Karstedt et al. (2019). ...
Entoloma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is a species-rich genus with approximately 2000 species known worldwide. In Cen-
tral America, however, information about the species of this genus is sparse, despite the generally high biodiversity in this
region. Recently, 124 specimens of Entoloma were collected in Panama, Chiriquí Province. In the present publication, the
morphology of 20 species represented by more than one specimen is described and depicted with photographs, line drawings,
and scanning electron micrographs. Molecular phylograms based on ITS or concatenated ITS and partial nc LSU rDNA
sequences are provided. The taxonomic status of these species is evaluated and 17 species of Entoloma are described as new
to science. Only one species could be assigned to an already known species, viz. Entoloma belouvense. Nolanea albertinae,
described from Brazil, appeared similar and is combined in E. belouvense on varietal level. The identifications of two fur-
ther species are uncertain. At least 30 other species, including potentially new species, cannot formally be described due to
insufficient material. A preliminary key to the species of the genus Entoloma in Panama is provided. The spatial shape of the
polyhedroid basidiospores of Entoloma spp. is discussed based on literature and the micrographs generated for the present
study. Our re-evaluations indicate that the type of polyhedroid basidiospore and the structure of its base are not reliable as
diagnostic characters for the delimitation of subgenera in Entoloma.
... No tenim més dades sobre la relació entre l'Institut Komarov i Catalunya, fins que el coneixement dels treballs catalans per part d'una de nosaltres (O.M.), que ja havia coŀlaborat amb el primer autor (J.V.) (Morozova et al., 2014), la decidí a proposar una exploració micològica d'estiu als Pirineus catalans, visitant algunes de les localitats on havia estat Singer, entre altres. Vam acceptar amb interès, i planificàrem una exploració de baix cost, assumible reunint els recursos que s'esmenten als Agraïments. ...
A visit of two mycologists from the Komarov Institute (St. Petersburg) was organized, which coincided with particularly favorable conditions for the study of fungi from alpine and subalpine communities, especially meadows. Between the valley of Ribes (Pardines and Núria, Girona) and the high valley of the Noguera Pallaresa (Lleida), numerous localities were prospected, between 1300 and 2200 m a.s.l. A selection of the most interesting species is as follows: Bryoglossum gracile, Hodophilus foetens, Entoloma azureopallidum, E. aranense, E. catalaunicum, E. glaucobasis, E. glaucodubium, E. linkii, E. minutigranulosum, E. montanum, E. muscoalpinum, E. porphyrogriseum, Hygrocybe turunda, Rhizomarasmius epidryas, Rhodophana nitellina.
... Occurrence of CHEGD MOTUs was transferred into a binary matrix based on a minimum threshold 0.01% of all amplicons per sample (two to four sequences per sample). Representative sequences of each CHEGD MOTU from both analyses were aligned within our CHEGD reference datasets built on relevant phylogenetic studies for Clavariaceae (Birkebak, Adam cík, Looney & Matheny, 2016), Hygrophoraceae (Ainsworth, Cannon & Dentinger, 2013;Lodge et al., 2013;Wang, Zhang, Li, Liang & Shen, 2018), Entolomataceae (Morgado, Noordeloos, Lamoureux & Geml, 2013;Morozova, Noordeloos & Vila, 2014), Geoglossaceae (Fedosova & Kovalenko, 2015;Fedosova, Popov, Lizo n & Ku cera, 2017;Schoch, Wang, Townsend & Spatafora, 2010) and Tricholomataceae (S anchez-García et al., 2021). For individual genera, the alignments were trimmed to ITS2 amplicon size and analysed by ML as fasta files using RAXML-HPC2 on XSEDE (8.2.12) (Stamatakis, 2014) under the GTR + GAMMA model with 1000 bootstrap iterations. ...
Mulching (cutting of vegetation without removal of clippings) is used as a low-cost method for maintaining remote or abandoned grasslands in Slovakia. The likely consequence of mulching is seasonal nutrient enrichment resulting from decomposition of plant litter by saprotrophic organisms. The potential changes in biodiversity of the ecosystem caused by long-term application of mulching are to date only very poorly understood. In order to examine the impact of mulching on soil mycobiota, we compared six different grassland management regimes applied over nine years on a sub-montane oligotrophic Nardus pasture in the Central Slovakia. The diversity of soil fungi was assessed using DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 regions of the nrRNA locus performed by Illumina MiSeq.
We focused on a particular group of macrofungi which is characteristic of traditionally managed and undisturbed European grasslands, and which are often the dominant soil fungi in these habitats. These are collectively known as CHEGD fungi (the acronym of the constituent taxa: Clavariaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Entolomataceae, Geoglossaceae and Dermoloma). We compared the relative abundance and diversity of CHEGD fungi with the total fungal and plant diversity. CHEGD fungi were dominant across all management treatments. Although there were no statistical effects of treatments on total fungal richness and diversity, CHEGD fungi and vascular plants diversity and richness were lower on plots where mulching or no management were imposed, suggesting that such management regimes would have a negative impact on grassland fungi. However, no single treatment covered the total CHEGD diversity of the study, indicating that the localized use of mulching in addition to traditional managements can enhance overall diversity of grasslands in the area. Our results also suggest that the impact of mulching depends on the season when the grassland is mulched and it might be reduced by combination with other management treatments. The high relative abundance and sensitivity of CHEDG fungi in oligotrophic grasslands to management treatments makes them excellent indicators of grassland natural quality and is consistent with the ecological importance of this fungal group.
... Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Conocybe dentatomarginata sequence (720 bp) obtained from this study (by taking maximum bootstrap value as 100% ) was 99.85% similar to the sequence JX968257 (668 bp) and 96.14% similar with the sequence JF908599 (619 bp) in GenBank database (Toth et al., 2013;Osmundson et al., 2013), and it seems sister of the clade C. aporos in the phylogenetic tree drawn by using Bolbitius titubans as an outgroup taxon (Figure 8). In the ITS phylogenetic tree created by using Lyophyllum decastes as an outgroup taxon (Figure 9), our sequence (673 bp) of the Entoloma lampropus clustered together with one sequence (KC898379) from Austria (Morozova et al., 2014) and showed similarity 99.83% with this sequence having the maximum support value (100%). Lactarius lilacinus sequence in this study showed similarity 100% with one sequence (KF133275) belong to L. lilacinus in GenBank database with high support value (97%) and clustered together with this sequence sampled from Belgium. ...
... Ninety-eight new specimens were evaluated to figure out the taxonomic and phylogenetic positions of the 16 taxa of Entoloma subg. Leptonia together with the previous related collections analysed using ITS rDNA and LSU rDNA gene regions by Morozova et al. (2014). Neotypes were published for E. dichroum, E. euchroum, and E. lampropus. ...
... Those two species, however, prefer different habitats. While the former grows both as terrestrial and on the deadwood of conifers, the latter only occurs on deadwood of deciduous trees such as beech, common hazel, and white birch (Morozova et al., 2014). Rochet et al. (2011) phylogenetically evaluated 61 specimens of Lactarius collected under four European alder species in different locations of France and other European countries using ITS rDNA, RPB2, GPD, and SSU rDNA sequences. ...
