Figure 4 - uploaded by Lubna Anjum Minhas
Content may be subject to copyright.
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p: Scenedesmus opoliensis, Desmodesmus abundans, Scenedesmus bijugatus Scenedesmus incrassatulus Bohlin, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Scenedesmus platydiscus, Oocystis pusilla Hansgirg var, Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.), Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Breisson var, Scenedesmus armatus, Scenedesmus quadricauda (Trup.) Breb, Scenedesmus bijugatus Kuetzing, Desmodesmus baconii, Scenedesmus abundans (Kirchner) Chodat, Scenedesmus obliquus var.dimorphus, Scenedesmus bernardii G.M. Smith.
Contexts in source publication
Context 2
... broad and 10.2-15.8 µm long; spheroidal to ovid-spheroidal with rounded ends ( Figure 4C). ...
Context 3
... of 8 cells 21-35 µm long, 16.3 µm wide. Single cell is 3.4 µm broad; 7-8.2 µm long ( Figure 4D). ...
Context 4
... cells in the colony of Scenedesmus dimorphus differ from Scenedesmus obliquns in outer cells of the colony more or less crescent and attenuated at the apices. Cells are 3-7 µm broad and 15-23 µm long ( Figure 4E). ...
Context 6
... the old mother cell, cell wall solitary or 2-4 autospores; thin cell membrane without polar thickening and Chromatophores without pyrenoid. The width of the cell is from 7-11 µm; 17-23 µm in length ( Figure 4G). ...
Context 8
... short curved single spine presents at the poles of terminal cells. Cells are about 30 µm long; 25 µm in breadth ( Figure 4I). Figure 4K). ...
Context 10
... 13.4 µm wide. Single cell of colony is 9.6 µm to 12.1 µm long; 3.2-5 µ wide ( Figure 4L). ...
Context 11
... cells colony is 6.5-7.9 µm in diameter. Single cell length 9.3-11.7 µm while 3.9-4.7 µm in width ( Figure 4M). ...
Context 12
... cell wall is surrounded by mucilage; chloroplast without pyrenoid. Single cell of colony is 6.3 µm to 9.1 µm long and 4.2-6 µ wide ( Figure 4N). ...
Context 13
... cell consists of single nucleus; cup shaped chloroplast surrounded by membrane and an eyespot. Dimension of the single cell, 3-4.2 µm broad and 8-9.7 µm long while colony, 10-12 µm long ( Figure 4O). ...
Citations
... Cyanobacteria belongs to the category of photosynthetic, gram-negative and prokaryotic bacteria identified around 2.6 to 3.5 billion years ago on Earth (Blair et al., 2001). Moreover, cyanobacteria are appropriate for nanoparticle synthesis because of their large biomass production in a limited time, quick growth, and cost-effective traits, they can be grown in large open containers Singh et al., 2016;Ullah, 2023). Numerous metabolites like lipopeptides derived from cyanobacteria have been referred to as bioactive compounds with antimicrobial attributes (Bloor & England, 1989;Kini et al., 2020). ...
Green‐synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles have garnered considerable attention due to their simple, sustainable, and eco‐friendly attributes, coupled with their diverse applications in biomedicine and environmental context. The current study shows a sustainable approach for synthesizing molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (MoONPs) utilizing an extract from Anabaena sp. A‐1. This novel approach marks a significant milestone as various spectral approaches were employed for characterization of the green‐synthesized MoONPs. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopic analysis revealed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of MoONPs at 538 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis facilitated the identification of functional groups responsible for both the stability and production of MoONPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized revealing a rod shape morphology of the MoONPs. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis yielded a calculated crystal size of 31 nm, indicating the crystalline nature of MoONPs. Subsequently, biological assays were employed to ascertain the potential of the bioengineered MoONPs. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to quantify free radical scavenging activity, revealing an antioxidant capacity of 68.1% at 200 μg/mL. To evaluate antibacterial and antifungal efficacy, the disc diffusion method was employed across varying concentrations of MoONPs (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 μg/mL). Quantification of cytotoxicity was performed via a brine shrimp assay, yielding an IC50 value of 552.3 μg/mL, a metric of moderate cytotoxicity. To assess the biocompatibility of MoONPs, an antihemolytic assay was conducted, confirming their safety profile. Additionally, MoONPs exhibited non‐toxic attributes in an insecticidal assay. Notably, in anti‐inflammatory assay MoONPs showed an inactive nature towards the reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential versatility of MoONPs in various biological applications, extending beyond their recognized anti‐inflammatory and insecticidal properties.
Research Highlights
This study marks an advancement in nanotechnology, exploring ways for MoONPs fabrication, representing a unique and unexplored research domain.
Green‐synthesized MoONPs using Anabaena sp. A‐1 extract offers a sustainable and eco‐friendly approach. Characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM, and XRD, MoONPs demonstrate rod‐shaped morphology and crystalline nature.
Bioengineered MoONPs exhibit versatility in biological applications, demonstrating notable antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal efficacy, moderate cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and insecticidal properties, emphasizing their multifaceted utility.
The research findings highlight the potential utilization of MoONPs across a spectrum of biological applications, thereby suggesting their promising role in the realm of biomedicine and environmental context.
