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(a, b): (a) Bouguer correction for subsurface density variations. (b) Regional gravity map at upward continue of 1 km after [14].
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In this chapter some preliminaries evaluation were outline briefly based on exploring the use of potential gravity field method in characterizing regional trends of Earth’s sequence system interms of gravitational potentials and fields, viz-a-viz., the background, instrumentation, theoretical model, gravity data reduction, geological framework, Bou...
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Context 1
... gravity value at the station includes all kinds of attraction. Remove the effect of attraction except that of subsurface density anomaly (Figure 9a). There are three methods of selection of Bouguer reduction density; one is a "traditional" or standard density with which most regional maps have traditionally been reduced using a value of 2.67 Â 10 3 kgm À3 (Figure 9b). ...
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... the effect of attraction except that of subsurface density anomaly (Figure 9a). There are three methods of selection of Bouguer reduction density; one is a "traditional" or standard density with which most regional maps have traditionally been reduced using a value of 2.67 Â 10 3 kgm À3 (Figure 9b). The second is by determining a Bouguer reduction density which minimizes the correlation between the computed Bouguer anomaly and topography. ...
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... continuation was used to separate a regional gravity anomaly resulting from deep sources from the observed gravity (Bouguer anomaly) (Figure 11). The regional field (Figure 9b) is a plane dipping gently in a NW-SE direction with a gradient of about 1 mGal/km. The regional effect correspond to low frequencies therefore the anomalies are usually of long wavelength showing a gradual change in value while the residual anomalies which are due to local effects may show larger variations [6,7]. ...
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... some cases the graphical methods are incorporated in the analytical methods. The regional gravity values shows the negative entirely and are found to range from a maxima of À21.9 mGal to a minima of À59.3 mGal (Figure 9b). The residual anomaly at any point is then calculated as the difference between the observed Bouguer anomaly g B and the regional effect g at that point and this is expressed as: ...
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... Gravity surveys are a geophysical mapping technique that has the capacity to enhance the mapping of basement rocks. They could measure variations in the Earth's gravitational field caused by variations in the density of subsurface materials [94] . Basement rocks often have different densities compared to the overlying sediments or volcanic rocks. ...
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... faults, folds, fractures, joints, geological contacts etc., is a very important step in studying the tectonic framework and the hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms of sedimentary basin. Identifying geological features such as fractures, dykes, faults, folds, joints, and geological contacts is crucial when analyzing the tectonic framework and mechanisms for hydrocarbon trapping in sedimentary basins [3,4,5,35,42] Thus, gravity survey and magnetic method are the primary methods in geophysical exploration as a regional structural mapping tool [2,3,6,10,12,16,18,26,29]. The magnetic and gravity methods are relatively cheap, nondestructive, non-invasive geophysical techniques. respectively. ...
... faults, folds, fractures, joints, geological contacts etc., is a very important step in studying the tectonic framework and the hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms of sedimentary basin. Identifying geological features such as fractures, dykes, faults, folds, joints, and geological contacts is crucial when analyzing the tectonic framework and mechanisms for hydrocarbon trapping in sedimentary basins [3,4,5,35,42] Thus, gravity survey and magnetic method are the primary methods in geophysical exploration as a regional structural mapping tool [2,3,6,10,12,16,18,26,29]. The magnetic and gravity methods are relatively cheap, nondestructive, non-invasive geophysical techniques. ...
... Over the past few decades, the basin has garnered significant attention for hydrocarbon exploration due to its promising potential. Numerous studie s have been conducted using diverse geological and geophysical techniques to investigate its resources [3,4,6,11,15,26,30,33]. ...
In this study, we assessed depth to basement (Sedimentary thickness) and structural parameters of Binji and its environs, part of Sokoto Basin using an integrated analysis of aeromagnetic and satellite gravity data, to ascertain the viability for hosting hydrocarbon potentials of the study area. Source parameter imaging, Euler deconvoultion and Spectral analysis were employed to determine the Structural and sedimentary thickness, while Analytical signal, center for exploration target and vertical derivatives was used to enhance the structural features and lineament in the study area. The Results from the power spectral analysis revealed that the average thickness of the sediments varies from 0.865 km to 3.74 km from magnetic anomaly map and 0.112 km to 5.02 km from bouguer gravity map. The SPI estimates depth to magnetic source ranging from 0.931 km to 5.174 km from magnetic anomaly map and depth range between 515m to 3315m from bouguer map. Euler solution for Magnetic anomaly map revealed structural depths ranging from -628m to 1624m for (SI= 0) and depths ranging from 3012m to 3865m for (SI= 1). Whereas Euler Solution for bouguer anomaly map show depth range between -683m to 5078m for (SI= 1), and depths ranging from 832m to 5474m for (SI= 2). Both The gravity and magnetic derivatives map show predominant SW-NE, SW-EW and E-W structural trend. The whole work implies that, hydrocarbon prospect is possible in Sokoto Basin as depth of oil and gas maturation of most West African prospect start from 2.3km depth.
... Sultan et al., 2009;Mekkawi, 2012;El-Galladi et al., 2016Araffa et al., 2020;Mekkawi et al., 2021;Salem et al., 2011;Alexander et al, 2015;Ghazala et al., 2016, El-dosouky et al., 2017Gabr et al., 2022). For purposes involving the deep crustal framework, measurements of a variety of Earth's surface and subsurface characteristics are necessary, e.g., geologic structures, lithologic and mineral resources, mapping geology, faults, and fractures (Adamu and Likkason, 2022;Adamu et al., 2020). Satellite gravity data was used to create an image of the likely position and magnitude of zones that may contain melt and mafic dykes in the lower crust. ...
... The texture analysis also made it possible to improve and identify geologic lineaments such as joints, faults, and lithologic boundaries. Over the past few decades, a number of studies have concentrated on characterizing the structure of magnetic field data (Likkason, 2014;Likkason et al. 2013;Likkason, 2011;Adamu et al. 2022;Bonde et al. 2014;Nwankwo and Shehu, 2015).This is due to the fact that tectonic activity in nature appears as a nearly round shape, and is linked to the crustal framework. These continental crusts were frequently surrounded by structural features that showed subsequent or concentrated zones (Kogbe, 1979). ...
... As a result, several studies concentrated on using aeromagnetic data to identify the structural features. Many studies have been conducted in the area, such as Adamu et al. (2022) who described the regional patterns and imaged the upper lithospheric structures and its Hydrocarbon implication from Gwandu formation northwestern Nigeria. Using the first regionally extensive satellite gravity and aeromagnetic data, our aim is to understand and provide an explanation for the lateral differences in density and magnetization across the entire formations in the Sokoto Basin. ...
The Paleocene sediments from the Sokoto Group, which comprises of the Gamba, Dange, and Kalambaina formations, were covered by Maastrichtian sediments from the Rima Group, which includes the Wurno, Dukamaje, and Taloka formations. High-resolution aeromagnetic and satellite gravity measurements were used to study these sediments. The aforementioned strata correspond to the Cretaceous and Tertiary strata in this research area and are situated in the southeastern part of the Iullemmeden Basin. Our aim is to determine and explain the horizontal variation in density and magnetization using the whole regional satellite gravity and aeromagnetic data. The deeper magnetic and density sources were scanned using a two-dimensional (2D) radially averaged power spectrum analysis to produce the NE to SW and E to W trending models for the Moho, lower, and upper lithosphere under the study area. The results were further assessed using upward continuation, derivative analysis, and two-dimensional gravity and magnetic modeling. Numerous important structural trends (i.e., NE-SW, E-W & ENE-WSW), have been identified as a result of the vertical gradients for the potential field data. Spectral analysis and Euler deconvolution can be used to calculate the depths to the lower and upper mantle crust boundaries as well as the depth to Moho. The findings of a qualitative analysis point to an intrusion of the Gundumi and Illo Formations that has a northeast orientation as the primary cause of the significant gravitational and magnetic interaction. The differences in the deep-seated crustal structures and mineralized anomalous bodies with depth were visible on anomaly maps with an upward continuation of 5 km, 7 km, 20 km, and 30 km. Quantitatively, the 2D regional models along the selected profiles (L1, L2, L4, L6 and L7) display a typical lithostratigraphic succession of the Gundumi and Illo Formation (Continental Intercalaire, CI) type of crust, which is subdivided into the lower and upper mantle crust as well as the Moho. The sediment thickness by surface depth ranges from ∼4.06 km and ∼23.31 km. The Moho interface, lower and upper mantle crusts, and magnetic crust are all located at depths of around ∼10.23 km. The distance between the local models of the foundation rocks to the north and south of the Sokoto Group was approximately ∼6 to ∼8 km and ∼4.5 km, respectively.
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Presently a digitized composite satellite gravity data covering the Gwandu formation in Sokoto Basin were acquired and processed with a view to interpret the Bouguer anomalies as well to equally image the upper lithospheric structures beneath the Study area and its environs. The research work was aim to study the structural settings of crustal movement in the Gwandu formation. A least-square fitting polynomial surface of a third-degree order was applied in separating regional and residual gravity components from the Bouguer anomaly. The attributed low gravity sedimentary infill from the residual anomalies were tectonically trends NE-to-SW about the vicinities of Tambuwal, Goronyo, Gada and Argungu, Kolmalo and about Yauri, Koko and Jega, Kamba as well as Bagudo. Data enhancement techniques such as first vertical derivative, total horizontal derivative (THDR), analytic signal, spectral depth analysis, and the standard Euler deconvolution (SED) were applied to enhance deep-seated structures. Results from the Spectral Analysis revealed that the average thickness of the sediments varies from 1.679 km to 4.181 km, outsized enough for hydrocarbon prospect. The derivative maps revealed parallel to sub-parallel trending NW-to-SE, E-toW fracture zones within the sedimentary infill underlying the study area, coinciding with the cretaceous zones. Hence, the identified lineaments (faults or lithologic contacts) and structures in the area can be attributed to the tectonic setting of the area and probable migratory routes for hydrocarbon migration. More detailed ground gravity and seismic studies may lead to discoveries of structural or stratigraphic traps.
