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![(a) XRD patterns of the polycarbosilane-derived SiC ceramics pyrolyzed at 1300, 1500, 1700, and 1900 ℃. (b) The sizes of SiC nanocrystals pyrolyzed at different temperatures and schematic illustration of microstructural evolution of the polycarbosilanes-derived SiC ceramics. HRTEM images of the polycarbosilanes-derived SiC ceramics pyrolyzed at (c) 1300 ℃ and (d) 1900 ℃ for characterizing the microstructure of the SiC nanocrystals and carbon phase in ceramics. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37], © Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. 2017.](publication/337754121/figure/fig5/AS:11431281256053063@1719484201607/a-XRD-patterns-of-the-polycarbosilane-derived-SiC-ceramics-pyrolyzed-at-1300-1500.jpg)
(a) XRD patterns of the polycarbosilane-derived SiC ceramics pyrolyzed at 1300, 1500, 1700, and 1900 ℃. (b) The sizes of SiC nanocrystals pyrolyzed at different temperatures and schematic illustration of microstructural evolution of the polycarbosilanes-derived SiC ceramics. HRTEM images of the polycarbosilanes-derived SiC ceramics pyrolyzed at (c) 1300 ℃ and (d) 1900 ℃ for characterizing the microstructure of the SiC nanocrystals and carbon phase in ceramics. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37], © Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. 2017.
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Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) strategy shows a great deal of advantages for the fabrication of advanced ceramics. Organosilicon polymers facilitate the shaping process and different silicon-based ceramics with controllable components can be fabricated by modifying organosilicon polymers or adding fillers. It is worth noting that silicate ceramics...
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Advanced ceramics have unique physical and mechanical properties. While its high hardness and low fracture toughness makes the surface quality difficult to guarantee, which seriously affect the performance and reliability of ceramic parts. As the main factor affecting the surface quality of advanced ceramics, grinding force needs effective predicti...
Citations
... Additionally, temperatures and process times (cross-linking and pyrolysis) can be easily optimized. They can be produced with significant energy and cost savings and superior properties compared to conventional ceramics [14,15]. ...
This study evaluates the effectiveness of a silica preceramic polymer for joining and coating Plasma Electrolytic Oxidated (PEO) aluminum components at temperatures below 200 °C. PEO aluminum slabs were coated and joined with a silica precursor polymer (Durazane1800, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), both with and without the addition of 48 wt% silica nanoparticles, and cured at 180 °C for 4 h in air. Thermogravimetric analysis assessed the curing process and thermal stability, while X-ray diffraction confirmed the polymer’s conversion to amorphous silica after heating at 1200 °C. Resistance to humid environments was tested by soaking coated samples in tap water for a week, with no mass variation observed. Mechanical testing through tensile mode and tensile lap tests showed that adding 48 wt% silica nanoparticles significantly improved joint cohesion and nearly quadrupled mechanical strength. Fracture surfaces were examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and composition analysis was performed with Energy Dispersion X-ray Spectroscopy. Crack detection was conducted using Computer Tomography with an in situ bending test setup to obtain the mechanical resistance of the PEO coating. The results indicate that the silica preceramic polymer is suitable for joining and coating PEO aluminum components, with silica nanoparticles enhancing mechanical strength and providing excellent thermal stability and resistance to humidity.
... PDCs anti-corrosive coatings offer several advantages over traditional epoxy resin coatings due to their high hardness, excellent adhesion, and resistance to acids and alkalis, which make them ideal for use in harsh and corrosive environments. Furthermore, PDCs exhibit improved thermal stability and durability, making them suitable for high-temperature applications in the energy industry [2][3][4][5]. ...
Developing high-performance anti-corrosion coating is an effective way of preventing metal surface from environmental corrosion. Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) precursor was utilized in combination with nano-zirconia (ZrO2) particles to prepare SiCxO-ZrO2 ceramic coating by means of high-temperature pyrolysis at 800 °C. A series of characterizations, including chemical structure, thermal stability, crystalline structure, microscopic morphology, and mechanical and electrochemical properties, were conducted to reveal the relation between the structure and the performance of the ceramic coatings. It was observed that the SiCxO-ZrO2 coating containing 20 wt% ZrO2 exhibited a hardness greater than 9H, impact resistance of 50 cm, water contact angle as high as 132°, and excellent corrosion resistance, which was attributed from the reparative effect of ZrO2 on ceramic coatings. This coating shows significant potential for use in storage tank anti-corrosion applications.
Graphical Abstract
... Fully interconnected pores provide pathways for cell growth, and it has the advantages of a porous coating surface, good biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance [10][11][12]. The biomimetic materials of bone trabeculae reported recently, such as titanium alloy and other metal materials, hydroxyapatite and other ceramic materials, collagen, and other natural biological materials, all have obvious drawbacks [13,14]. Therefore, it is necessary to find a synthetic organic polymer material to simulate the microstructure and composition structure of natural bone. ...
Background:
It is imperative to design a suitable material for bone regeneration that emulates the microstructure and compositional framework of natural bone while mitigating the shortcomings of current repair materials.
Objective:
The aim of the study is to synthesize a 3D aerogel scaffold composed of PLCL/gelatin electro-spun nanofiber loaded with Simvastatin and investigate its biocompatibility as well as its performance in cell proliferation and ossification differentiation.
Methods:
PLCL/gelatin nanofibers were fabricated in coaxial electrospinning with simvastatin added. Fibers were fragmented, pipetted into molds, frozen, and dried. The morphology of fibers and contact angles in 4 groups of PLCL, PLCL@S, 3D-PLCL, and 3D-PLCL@S was observed and compared. MC3T3-E1 cells were planted at the four materials to observe cell growth status, and ALP and ARS tests were conducted to compare the ossification of cells.
Results:
TEM scanning showed the coaxial fiber of the inner PLCL and outer gelatin. The mean diameter of the PLCL/gelatin fibers is 561 ± 95 nm and 631 ± 103 nm after the drug loading. SEM showed the fibers in the 3D-PLCL@S group were more curled and loose with more space interlaced. The contact angle in this group was 27.1°, the smallest one. Drug release test demonstrated that simvastatin concentration in the 3D-PLCL@S could remain at a relatively high level compared to the control group. The cell proliferation test showed that MC3T3-EI cells could embed into the scaffold deeply and exhibit higher viability in the 3D-PLCL@S group than other groups. The ossification tests of ALP and ARS also inferred that the 3D-PLCL@S scaffold could offer a better osteogenic differentiation matrix.
Conclusion:
The PLCL/gelatin aerogel scaffold, when loaded with Simvastatin, demonstrates a more pronounced potential in enhancing osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesize that this scaffold could serve as a promising material for addressing bone defects.
... We intend to use a polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) as a reinforcement. This is a class of polymers that convert to ceramic when heated to high temperatures [11][12][13][14][15][16]. To make the Al-PDC composite, the friction stir-processing (FSP) route seems to be a promising technique. ...
In this investigation, an attempt was made to develop a new high-strength and high-ductility aluminum metal–matrix composite. It was achieved by incorporating ceramic reinforcement into the metal which was formed in situ from a polymer by pyrolysis. A crosslinked PMHS polymer was introduced into commercially pure aluminum via friction stir processing (FSP). The distributed micro- and nano-sized polymer was then converted into ceramic particles by heating at 500 °C for 10 h and processed again via FSP. The produced composite showed a 2.5-fold increase in yield strength (to 119 MPa from 48 MPa) and 3.5-fold increase in tensile strength (to 286 MPa from 82 MPa) with respect to the base metal. The ductility was marginally reduced from 40% to 30%. The increase in strength is attributed to the grain refinement and the larger ceramic particles. High-temperature grain stability was obtained, with minimal loss to mechanical properties, up to 500 °C due to the Zenner pinning effect of the nano-sized ceramic particles at the grain boundaries. Fractures took place throughout the matrix up to 300 °C. Above 300 °C, the interfacial bonding between the particle and matrix became weak, and fractures took place at the particle–matrix interface.
... 22 The merit of this method is its ability to form preceramic polymer through injection molding and 3D printing, which are more practical for fabricating ceramic bodies than other methods. 23,24 Polymers in the PDC method usually have inorganic elements in their backbone and react with other elements in the system after pyrolysis through a process called ceramization. Herein, we proposed the PDC method to synthesize submicron non-mesoporous and mesoporous particles. ...
Mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) are highly important in applications like H2 storage, catalysis/biocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and particularly in biomedical applications. The typical methods for producing MSPs are fast self‐assembly, soft and hard templating, and the modified Stöber method. These approaches have drawbacks like high cost, being time‐consuming, and low scale. Herein, as a novel strategy, a polymer‐derived ceramic method for large‐scale production of mesoporous and dense silica submicron particles with high yield and low cost is presented. This method requires commercial silicone resin, polydimethylsiloxane, as the main precursor of silica. However, this technique did not show high control over the size and surface area compared with the typical methods of MSPs synthesis but is definitely a significant step toward the large‐scale synthesis of MSPs.
... However, the high cost and low homogeneity of CVI, the serious fiber corrosion and abundant silicon residue of RMI, and the poor adhesion between ceramic particles of SI, both of them prove that these methods are not suitable for fabricating high-performance C/C-SiC composites with controllable component and structure in SiC matrix [2,[5][6][7]. PIP can offer a simple and effective way to control the component and structure of SiC matrix due to the wide variety of organosilicon precursors and the designability of precursors in terms of molecular structure [8]. ...
Fabricating SiC matrix with controllable Si/C ratio for C/C–SiC composites via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis is difficult to realize due to the absence of suitable precursors. Here, SiC precursors with Si-rich (Si/C = 1.23), near-stoichiometric (Si/C = 1.01), and C-rich (Si/C = 0.88) pyrolyzed ceramics at 1200 ℃ were successfully synthesized by the novel modification of polymethysilane. The structure and ceramization of synthesized SiC precursors were studied, and C/C–SiC composites with similar Si/C ratio in SiC matrix were also fabricated. The results revealed that the defects and Young’s modulus of SiC matrix and the thermal residual stress on pyrolytic carbon coated carbon fiber were determined by the Si/C ratio. As a result, the Si/C ratio exerted significant effects on the crack deflection behavior and the mechanical properties of the composites. The composites with near-stoichiometric SiC matrix showed excellent mechanical properties because of the effective crack deflection and the moderate Young’s modulus of their SiC matrix. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and compressive strength were 423±27 MPa, 33.41±4.52 GPa, and 393±8 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, after a heat treatment at 1600 ℃, the role of carbon fiber toughening was improved and accompanied by a decrease in mechanical properties for all composites, which was attributed to the increased defects in SiC matrix and the damaged interfaces by the thermal residual stress.
... 15 Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) have gained good attention in the last two decades as (i) PDCs can be processed at low temperatures to obtain thermochemically stable ceramics, therefore, it resolves the problems of traditional ceramic processing methods, (ii) PDCs can be coated on complex shaped substrates, and (iii) their microstructure can be tuned by changing the precursor composition. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Common silicon-based polymeric precursors are polysilazanes, polycarbosilanes, and polysiloxanes; pyrolysis of these precursors under inert atmosphere leads to the formation of silicon carbonitride (SiCN), silicon carbide (SiC), and silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), respectively. 22 Among these, SiOC ceramics are considered as "All-rounder" due to its applications in advanced functional and structural applications. ...
In the present study, a polymer‐derived silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramic layer has been coated on stainless steel 304 (SS304) to improve corrosion resistance in a seawater environment. The surface of SS304 is dip‐coated with vinyl‐functionalized polysiloxane, followed by pyrolysis under argon at 800°C to obtain SiOC layer with a thickness of about 1 μm after two‐fold coating/pyrolysis steps. Structural characterization of the samples was performed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical characterization of SS304 and SiOC‐coated SS304 is performed in 0.6 M NaCl solution. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed improved corrosion resistance of SiOC‐coated SS304 with a very low corrosion current density of 4.14 × 10⁻⁹ A/cm² whereas for uncoated SS304 corrosion current density of 4.56 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² was measured. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study confirmed superior corrosion resistance behavior of SiOC‐coated SS304 over uncoated SS304.
... Compared to the conventional ceramic powder processing method, the PDCs route has better processing ability, higher precision, and lower sintering temperature [29][30][31][32][33][34]. However, a large number of organic components still exist in PDCs molecules, and the escape of organic components during pyrolysis may lead to large shrinkage, collapse or other defects in 3D printing ceramic materials [21,28,35]. Introducing inorganic fillers to PDCs is a feasible solution for overcoming above issues [36][37][38]. ...
... Introducing inorganic fillers to PDCs is a feasible solution for overcoming above issues [36][37][38]. However, it will cause the same problems as in the case of the ceramic powder route, such as high viscosity of slurries, low light penetration depth, and weak interlayer bonding, and so on [35,39]. ...
... Precursor-derived silicon oxy-carbon (PDC-SiOC) ceramic has been reported to show excellent oxidation resistance, high-temperature stability, and mechanical properties attributed to its chemical structure in which silicon is bonded with four-coordinated carbon and twocoordinated oxygen simultaneously [1,2]. PDC-SiOC, therefore, shows great potential for application at high temperatures. ...
... Polymer derived ceramics (PDCs) are hybrid materials with many potential applications, which include ceramics containing silicon directly coordinated by carbon and are produced by pyrolysis of silicon containing polymers resulting in systems that can contain SiCN, SiO and SiOC not achieved by conventional sintering [5]. Several PDCs have been studied by Navrotsky's group to evaluate the most favourable energetic interactions which include mixed bonding effects, important in stabilizing amorphous forms of PDC. ...
This themed issue explores the different length and timescales that determine the physics and chemistry of a variety of key of materials, explored from the perspective of a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry materials science, Earth science and biochemistry. The topics discussed include catalysis, chemistry under extreme conditions, energy materials, amorphous and liquid structure, hybrid organic materials and biological materials. The issue is in two parts, with this second set of contributions exploring hybrid organic materials, catalysis low-dimensional and graphitic materials, biological materials and naturally occurring, super-hard material as well as dynamic high pressure and new developments in imaging techniques pressure.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
