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![Different existing Regular clocking scheme.(a) 2DDWave [38]; (b) RES...](publication/346309195/figure/fig5/AS:11431281178977850@1691144491798/Different-existing-Regular-clocking-schemea-2DDWave-38-bRES-30-cOptimized-2D_Q320.jpg)
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is gaining worldwide popularity due to its higher device concentration, lower power indulgence, and better switching speed. The information flows in QCA with the polarization state defined by the placement of electrons instead of current flow. The cell interaction principle under the influence of the clocking zon...
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Citations
... The suggested algorithm enhances the accuracy in placement of the nano cells and accomplishes flawless routing [31,32]. In addition to the famous threeinput majority voter circuit, five input majority contributors and seven input majority contributors were also designed [33][34][35][36]. To reduce the computation power and to increase the fault tolerance of nanocircuits, different atomic scale technologies have been presented considering few physical realities for preferable utilization of majority gates [37]. ...
... However, according to the experiments, the mapping process of spars from gate-level to cell-level is less smooth than expected. Bhowmik et al. employ a path-node matrix to replace the DAG and optimal the mapping problem by creating a 3dimension matrix to record the input and output directions [18], [19]. However, its algorithm is highly customized for USE clocking scheme. ...
Field-Coupled Nanocomputing technologies have great potential to surpass CMOS technology because of their lower power consumption and higher device concentration. To ease the burden of placement and routing (P&R) problems for FCN circuits, many delicate two-dimensional clocking schemes have been proposed, upon which algorithms can solve the P&R problems more strategically. In this paper, we propose a two-level optimization strategy by using a genetic algorithm (GA) combined with an enhanced A* algorithm. Some circuit design requirements, such as clock synchronization, layout area, etc., are cleverly designed in the fitness value function of the GA. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid algorithm. In particular, compared to current tools, such as fiction and Ropper, the proposed algorithm can achieve an optimal solution with a higher success rate and a sizeable applicable circuit scale. In addition, the concept of design rule checking (DRC) was proposed in FCN and integrated into the algorithm, making the P&R results mapping from gate-level to cell-level more smoothly. Besides, the number of cross wires is significantly reduced, and the distribution of IO ports can be more effectively controlled.
... No such standard algorithm for automatic cell placement was found so far in literature. Furthermore, an attempted was been made in [10] to design an systematic algorithm for automatic cell placement for combinational circuits only. Therefore, QCA circuits with regular clocking or sequential circuit is suggested here. ...
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is field-coupled nanotechnology that achieves high device density, high switching speed, and low power dissipation. The flow of information within QCA is fully controlled by the position of the electrons only. A proper cell placement and its respective clock zone for the correct logic operation become the utmost design requirement. Insufficient research in this direction and appropriate use of regular clocking requires rigorous research in this area. An appropriate routing channel to adopt a stable and steady underlying clock scheme plays an essential role in positioning QCA cells. This paper presents a systematic placement of QCA cells targeting sequential logic, which makes efficient use of the underlying regular clocking scheme. The proposed method is verified by implementing the SR and D flip flop incorporating the USE clocking scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed cell positioning algorithm is reported. A significant performance improvement is observed, which advocates the importance of such a scheme in QCA circuit design.
