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The current paper is in concern with the wear behaviour of aluminum metal matrix composite (Al MMC) sliding against automobile friction material and comparison with the conventional grey cast iron. The wear tests are under consideration on a pin on disc machine, using pin as brake shoe lining material and discs as A356/20SiCp Al MMC and grey cast i...
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Context 1
... the first phase, the wear of cast iron and the friction lining pin material have been determined from several tests conducted at different loads and speeds. The wear in terms of volume loss will be useful in order to determine the geometrical changes in the components. The variation of wear with load for cast iron disc sliding against friction lining is shown in Fig. 2(a). The wear is low at lower value of applied loads and increases with load at constant a ratio. At lower loads, the contact plateaus and temperature rise are low. So at lower loads, reduced wear is observed. As the applied load is increased, the wear loss is found to increase. Higher wear is observed for the maximum load. The same trend is also observed for the increased sliding velocity and is shown in Fig. ...
Context 2
... wear of MMC sliding against the friction material is determined for various loads and sliding velocities. The variation of wear with applied load is determined by keeping the load and the sliding velocity as constants. The same experiment is repeated for different sliding velocities. The wear is found to increase with applied load at a slower rate as shown in Fig. 2(b).For increase of sliding velocity, the wear is found to increase and it is shown in Fig. 3(b). In case of MMCs, it is observed that the surface film is formed on both the sliding surfaces but more at the MMC ...
Context 3
... comparison of wear of cast iron and the MMC sliding against the friction material under identical conditions are shown in Fig. 2. The wear is observed as 1.5 times high for cast iron. For MMCs, the wear is found to be low, because of the presence of the hard SiC particles present in the MMC which acts as the load bearing member and abrasive nature. The variation of wear with sliding velocity for cast iron and the MMC are shown in Fig. 3. In all these comparisons, the wear is found to be more for the cast iron ...
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The wear behavior of aluminium metal matrix composite (Al MMC) sliding against automobile friction material has been compared with the conventional grey cast iron. The wear tests have been carried out on a pin on disc machine, using pin as brake shoe lining material and discs as A355/15 SiC Al MMC in 30μm, 40μm and 45μm and grey cast iron materials...
In this paper, brake discs are exposed to high thermal stress, causing thermal fatigue damage. The aim of this work is to study the evolution of the wear behaviour of brake disc materials, such as cast iron, chromium steel and the metal matrix composite, under the influence of thermal fatigue. The brake disc specimens are heated and then cooled rap...
Citations
... By reinforcing an aluminum alloy with a high ceramic particle content (≥20 vol.%, [10]) and particle sizes in the micrometer range, an aluminum matrix composite (AMC) with significantly improved wear behavior compared to the unreinforced monolithic aluminum matrix is created. There are many studies regarding the wear behavior of AMCs [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Beside this, the stiffness, strength, thermal stability and creep resistance are improved [10,17,18] by adding a ceramic reinforcement phase. ...
Solid state sintering of cast aluminum powders by resistance heating sintering (RHS), also known as spark plasma sintering or field-assisted sintering technique, creates a very fine microstructure in the bulk material. This leads to high performance material properties with an improved strength and ductility compared to conventional production routes of the same alloys. In this study, the mechanical behavior of an RHS-sintered age-hardenable A357 (AlSi7Mg0.6) cast alloy and a SiCp/A357 aluminum matrix composite (AMC) was investigated. Aiming for high strength and good wear behavior in tribological applications, the AMC was reinforced with a high particle content (35 vol.%) of a coarse particle fraction (d50 = 21 µm). Afterwards, separated and combined effects of particle reinforcement and heat treatment were studied under compressive load both at room temperature and at 350 °C. At room temperature compression, the strengthening effect of precipitation hardening was about twice as high as that for the particle reinforcement, despite the high particle content. At elevated temperatures, the compressive deformation behavior was characterized by simultaneously occurring temperature-activated recovery, recrystallisation and precipitation processes. The occurrence and interaction of these processes was significantly affected by the initial material condition. Moreover, a rearrangement of the SiC reinforcement particles was detected after hot deformation. This rearrangement lead to a homogenized dispersion of the reinforcement phase without considerable particle fragmentation, which offers the potential for secondary thermo-mechanical processing of highly reinforced AMCs.
... The increased wear resistance of AMC in comparison to the non-reinforced matrix material was mostly ascribed to a strengthening of the matrix by hard-particle reinforcement. In addition, it was related to the formation of a protective tribosurface and the superficial SiCp load-bearing capability [21,23]. However, under severe wear conditions, single SiC particles are prone to fracture, hence lowering the load bearing capacity and thereby leading to the removal of single SiC particles, as well as matrix cracking, which are common failure stages in AMC reinforced with low particle volume fractions (up to 20 vol.%) [22,24]. ...
... However, increased pin wear is inevitable due to AMC surface roughness, as well as ploughing by SiC particles on both tribosurface and counterbody. These effects play an important role in the long-term usage of AMC discs [23]. Therefore, the necessity of a stable and quick formation of a tribosurface, i.e., a fast gain of a stationary tribological system behaviour, is crucial. ...
AlSi7Mg/SiCp aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) with a high ceramic content (35 vol.%) that were produced by using the field-assisted sintering technique (FAST) were subjected to tribological preconditioning and evaluated as a potential lightweight material to substitute grey cast iron brake discs. However, since an uncontrolled running-in process of the AMC surface can lead to severe wear and thus to failure of the friction system, AMC surfaces cannot be used directly after finishing and have to be preconditioned. A defined generation of a tribologically conditioned surface (tribosurface) is necessary, as was the aim in this study. To simulate tribological conditions in automotive brake systems, the prepared AMC samples were tested in a pin-on-disc configuration against conventional brake lining material under dry sliding conditions. The influence of the surface topography generated by face turning using different indexable inserts and feeds or an additional plasma electrolytic treatment was investigated at varied test pressures and sliding distances. The results showed that the coefficient of friction remained nearly constant when the set pressure was reached, whereas the initial topography of the samples studied by SEM varied substantially. A novel approach based on analysing the material ratio determined by 3D surface measurement was developed in order to obtain quantitative findings for industrial application.
... There are many researches that investigated the rate of wear using different type of material for the disc, such as cast iron and Al MMC materials. It was found that the disc made from Al MMC materials has higher resistance to wear [9,10], while the friction coefficient for this disc is higher with 20%. This which directly affect the improvement of the braking performances. ...
The phenomenon of vehicle braking is very complex, because during the braking process, the heat will be generated on the braking disc and the braking pads. This will cause the penetration in the contacting surfaces. In this research paper, three-dimensional model is developed and validated using finite element technique. It was used ANSYS/Workbench 14.5 software, Transient Structural module to achieve the numerical analysis. During the stopping process, the high temperatures appeared on the braking pads, where the temperature exceeded 150 °C when applied pressure is 0.9 MPa. While, when the applied pressure is 1.1 MPa the temperature on the contact surface is exceeded 180 °C, after just 1.3 s. The important conclusion based on the results is the most significant factors on the distribution and magnitude of temperature that appear on the contact surfaces are applied pressure and the penetration. Besides that, it was found, that the penetration in high measure depends on the temperature, which proves the value of the coherence, which is almost equal to 1.
... Further, the worn surface morphology showed that the abrasive mechanism was the dominant one. Joshi et al. [20] investigated the sliding wear behavior of A356 with 25 wt% SiC composite and gray cast iron. The results revealed that the induced frictional force for A356 with 25 wt% SiC composite exhibited 20% higher when compared to gray cast iron which indicates that A356 with 25 wt% SiC composites possessed more wear resistance. ...
... In the present investigation, A356 alloy was chosen as a matrix alloy which possesses a density of 2.975 g/cm 3 . This A356 alloy has more features such as good in ductility, higher hardness, more in fatigue strength, high rigidity against deformation, good in fluidity, improved corrosion resistance, more creep resistance, good in machinability and good casting properties [20]. Further, A356 alloy is applied in most of the aircraft and automobile parts [21]. ...
... Table 1 illustrates the chemical composition of as-received and tested A356 alloy. Among several reinforcement, namely, silicon carbide (SiC), boron carbide (B 4 C), titanium nitrate (TiN), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium diboride (TiB 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), SiC has improved mechanical properties such as more in hardness, high fatigue strength, more impact resistance, high modulus and high tensile strength when compared to other reinforcement particles [20,21]. Further, SiC possesses improved wear and thermal properties. ...
The goal of this research work is to assess the tribological properties of A356 alloy reinforced with 20 wt% SiC composite prepared by liquid metallurgy route. A356 alloy and A356 with 20 wt% SiC composites were manufactured through three different casting techniques such as gravity die casting, stir casting and stir cum squeeze casting. The fabricated castings exhibit improved hardness value of around 680 MPa, 840 MPa and 950 MPa for A356 alloy, A356 with 20 wt% SiC stir cast composite and A356 with 20 wt% SiC stir with squeeze cast composite, respectively. Further, an ultimate tensile strength of 256 MPa, 298 MPa and 331 MPa was obtained for A356 alloy, A356 with 20 wt% SiC stir cast composite and A356 with 20 wt% SiC stir with squeeze cast composite, respectively. The tribological properties of prepared samples were tested using a pin-on-disk tribometer at room temperature under dry sliding condition. The wear results explained that the wear rate and coefficient of friction started to increase with the function of load (10–40 N) under both the sliding distance of 1000 m and 2000 m. The squeeze cast A356 with 20 wt% SiC composite produced less wear rate and a higher coefficient of friction when compared to other samples. This was attributed to effective embedding, bonding and load-carrying capacity of SiC particles over the A356 matrix. This result indicates improved adhesive properties and abrasion resistance in the squeeze cast A356 with 20 wt% SiC composite. Further, the worn surface morphology of squeeze cast samples was examined using a scanning electron microscope to observe mild adhesive wear and damages due to the delamination effect.
