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(a) The total number of complex calls produced by fed and unfed males over all experiments. (b) The number of WCC calls produced by fed and unfed males over all experiments. The thick black bar in the middle is the median and “whiskers” show the range of all males in that group, and the box shows the interquartile range. The “*” indicates significance (p < 0.05) between groups connected by the ends of the line below the “*” “*”. See Fig. 1 for illustration of call parameters

(a) The total number of complex calls produced by fed and unfed males over all experiments. (b) The number of WCC calls produced by fed and unfed males over all experiments. The thick black bar in the middle is the median and “whiskers” show the range of all males in that group, and the box shows the interquartile range. The “*” indicates significance (p < 0.05) between groups connected by the ends of the line below the “*” “*”. See Fig. 1 for illustration of call parameters

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Sexual selection can result in the evolution of extreme armaments and ornaments, and the development and maintenance of these traits can come at a considerable cost. These costs have been implicated in enforcing an upper limit on trait divergence and promoting condition-dependent traits, such that only individuals in sufficiently high condition can...