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Source publication
The first edition of this Note sold out in little over two years. Since then several
short runs have been printed, but now it has been decided to make it available
in electronic form, and through the web. We took the opportunity to correct
some errors and make a few minor additions in the light of some recent
publications.
Feedback from readers or...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... can be produced for short periods at a rate of 4 L/h, but the mechanism is fatigable. Fig.1 Heat exchanges of the human body ...
Context 2
... is also a difference between people of indoor occupations and those used to outdoor life. The latter find a broader range of conditions quite acceptable (Fig.31). acclimatization (including habituation) of both physiological and psychological mechanisms by periodic exposure to thermal stimulus iii. ...
Citations
... Değerlendirilen ölçütler: tasarım ve inovasyon, bölgesel/ toplumsal tasarım, arazi kullanımı/ saha ekolojisi, biyoklimatik tasarım, ışık ve hava, su dönüşümü, enerji akışı ve enerjinin geleceği, materyal ve kullanım döngüsü, uzun yaşam ve esnek dönüşüm, geri besleyici döngü ve geliştiren sonuç toplamaktır (3). Isıl konfor, bir iç mekanda yaşayanların gerek bedensel gerekse zihinsel eylemlerini sürdürürken belirli bir rahatlık içinde bulunmalarını ifade etmektedir (Szokolay, 2007). Enerji etkin yapı tasarımında iklimsel veriler temel etkendir. ...
Özet: Günümüzde sürdürülebilirlik ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma, ekoloji, enerji gibi
kavramlar yapı tasarımının önemli kavramlarıdır. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma için
sıcak-nemli iklim bölgesinde tasarlanacak binaların toplum, ekoloji, enerji, su ve
materyal açısından performans değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu makalenin
amacı Geleneksel Adana evlerinin sürdürülebilir yapı tasarım özelliklerini
belirlemektir. Pasif tasarımın sıcak nemli iklimdeki Geleneksel Adana evleri
üzerinde kullanımı araştırılmaktadır. Geleneksel Adana evlerini şekillendiren
mimari özellikler ise mekan ve yapı elemanları olarak iki ayrı başlıkta
incelenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, yapı-parsel ilişkisinde avlulu evlerin fazla
görülmesi, giriş katında veya zemin katta depo, kiler, odunluk yer alması, yöresel
malzeme kullanımı, cephelerde gönyeli çıkmalar ve kat planlarında pencerelerin
karşılıklı konumlanışı binalarda yıllık ısıtma, soğutma, aydınlatma ve havalandırma
yüklerini azaltacağı öngörülmektedir. Ayrıca, sürdürülebilir kalkınma amacıyla
sıcak-nemli iklimdeki binaların, iklime uygun seçilen aktif ve pasif tasarım ilkelerine
göre tasarlanması gerekmektedir
... The standard new effective temperature (SET) was used to evaluate the indoor thermal environment. SET was calculated using air temperature, humidity, and body characteristics of the participants 14 . ...
it also has a great impact on the discomfort and health issues of the user. Several medical conditions as heat stroke, are narrowly correlated with the indoor thermal environment. In this context, building characteristics and passive or active strategies are fundamental to reduce the risk of this condition. This study aims to determine the predominant factors on interior conditions in multi-housing residence, and their correlation with the user’s body temperature. In order to achieve this purpose, a measurement campaign and a field survey in several dwellings were carried out in summer 2015 in Tama-
Japan. The standard new effective temperature (SET) has been used as a reference parameter to assess the repercus-
sions of the analyzed variables. With the use of statistical analysis the whole variables were correlated with this parameter. According to the obtained results, the height over the street level of the apartment is the parameter with the major influence on SET, at both daytime and nigh-time. Furthermore, the body temperature increased 0.015°C and 0.007°C per 1°C increase in the day and night-time SET respectively.
... The air renewal flow (m3/h) is usually introduced through the openings, and it is calculated by the following equation: qa = r • V •. A • sen ɵ • 3600 (2) where r is the ratio of input and output opening (r=0.60 • fr, where fr is ratio factor of openings), V is wind speed (m/s), A is input opening area (m2) and ɵ is angle between the wind direction and the opening plane. ...
The aim of this paper is to perform the architectural design of a Pisco´s Wine cellar for a volume of 30.000 liters in Ica Valley, using passive environmental conditioning. Firstly, design criteria and technological improvement of the Pisco processing are proposed, and then passive mechanisms to optimize the management of alcoholic fermentation are considered. Once thermal balance is calculated, the amount of heat required balance is obtained to control fermentation process, construction materials are proposed with thermal and acoustic insulation characteristics, design of spaces and openings to control climatic elements, the proper solar orientation and natural ventilation necessary to keep the indoor temperature below 26.5°C (79.7°F). They are performed respective Layout and Traffic diagrams and location of equipment; flow of raw material, workers and waste, building system design of fermentation area is also proposed, and finally develops a basic calculation to estimate solid and liquid wasted generated for the cellar.
... However, continuous data acquisition from building occupants is a challenging task, and therefore, is not widely used in daily building operations. In order to address this challenge, Human Centered thermal Comfort Modeling (HCCM) approaches correlate instant comfort levels (HCCI outputs) with some other variables, such as environmental related variables (e.g., indoor air temperatures, clothing levels) [17,18]. Thus, instead of continuous interactions with occupants (e.g., asking them to fill out a survey, taking physiological measurements), the selected correlated variables are used to estimate occupants' thermal comfort levels. ...
... These measurements record humans' perceptions or physiological responses to their thermal environments. Accordingly, two distinct categories of data acquisition approaches are used in literature: (1) survey based approaches, which try to quantify the perceptions; and (2) physiological measurement based approaches, which try to understand preferences based on physiological responses [17]. Survey based approaches require individuals to fill questionnaires about their thermal comfort levels. ...
... It is generally regarded as thermal comfort design. Not until the improvement of heating technology in the end of 18th century and the development of mechanical freeze-drying technique in the beginning of 20th century that the research on thermal comfort was boomed [1]. ...
Thermal comfort providing is one of the biggest uses of energy in building. For giving better human comfort, the suitable operation conditions of air-conditioner are the most important. The quick and right approach is necessary. In this paper, a small office is studied to improve office staff staying for a long period of time and achieve the thermal comfort environment for reducing energy consumption. Commercial software,
Solidworks, is utilized for modeling the facilities and the Flow Simulation module for analyzing the air properties of the indoor space. Four types of air-conditioner operation are applied to set the simulated conditions, including exterior temperature, outlet temperature and wind speed of air-conditioner, and location of air-conditioner. Predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) at specific office areas are further acquired through dynamic anthropometry. For seeking the optimal control factors, both of the full factorial method and Taguchi method are utilized to obtain the PMV of specified location. The analyzed result shows the evaluation speed
of indoor thermal comfort by Taguchi method is faster than the full-factorial method. It is concluded that software simulation with Taguchi method shows the successful implementation and higher efficiency for thermal comfort
assessment.
... It is generally regarded as thermal comfort design. Not until the improvement of heating technology in the end of 18th century and the development of mechanical freeze-drying technique in the beginning of 20th century that the research on thermal comfort was boomed [1]. ...
Thermal comfort providing is one of the biggest uses of energy in building. Lower energy consumption and better occupancy satisfaction can be obtained by suitable operation of air-conditioned. Human bodies keep comfortable need to provide the right mixed conditions of heat transport, temperature, and wind speed in interior environments as well as other properties of air. In this paper, a small office is studied to improve office staff staying for a long period of time and achieve the thermal comfort environment for reducing energy consumption. Commercial software, SolidWorks, is utilized for modeling the facilities and the Flow Simulation module for analyzing the air properties of the indoor space. Four types of air-conditioned operation are applied to setting the simulated conditions, including, exterior temperature, outlet temperature and wind speed of air-conditioner, and location of air-conditioner. Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and Operating Temperature (OT) are taken as the convergent conditions to analyze the air properties at nodes after space meshing. Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percent Dissatisfied (PPD) at specific office areas are further acquired through dynamic anthropometry. For seeking the optimal control factors, both of the full factorial method and Taguchi method are utilized to obtain the PMV of specified location. The difference between two methods is evaluated in order to evaluate the optimal operating conditions of indoor thermal comfort. The analyzed results show the Taguchi method can be fast obtained the evaluation of indoor thermal comfort than full factorial method. It is conclude that software simulation with Taguchi Method shows the successful implementation and higher efficiency for thermal comfort assessment.
... A comfort temperature interval of between 20-22 °C in winter and 22-27 °C in summer was established. This followed the theoretical studies by Fanger [17], incorporated into norm UNE EN ISO 7730:2006; the adaptive models of Auliciems and Szokolay [18], which include external climate conditions; and Givoni's climograph [19], which is particularly suited to warm dry climates. While during the winter the conditions of the housing units in their original state were inferior to those established in the comfort level, after retrofitting natural heating achieves values within or close to comfort level ( Figure 9) in all the housing units, regardless of orientation. ...
Much of the residential sector in Spain is obsolete, with inadequate conditions of comfort and high energy consumption. For this reason most of the potential for improving energy efficiency lies in the existing residential sector, which requires upgrading to meet the quantitative and qualitative changes required at present. This study of specific cases aimed at establishing general criteria for action has been prompted by the difficulty in proposing general intervention strategies. This paper presents a case study for the energy retrofit of 68 social housing units in Cordoba (Spain) evaluating their energy consumption, with a view to improving the building’s energy balance and indoor thermal comfort, on which user comfort depends.
Aim
Studies examining the relationship between thermal comfort conditions—the state of feeling insulated against atmospheric factors in the environment—and diseases have been very limited. In Turkey, which is in the transition zone of air masses in middle latitudes, thermal comfort conditions change frequently due to sudden weather changes. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between thermal comfort conditions and respiratory diseases in Amasya, an exemplary Turkish city in the Black Sea Region of Turkey.
Subject and methods
To determine the thermal comfort conditions in the study between 2017 and 2019, the PET (physiologically equivalent temperature) index obtained from the RayMan model was used for data including hourly air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), wind velocity (m/s), and cloud cover (octa). Daily air temperature data were also obtained. The relationship between PET values and air temperature and respiratory disease hospital admissions was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis.
Results
The results revealed a very high negative correlation between both thermal comfort conditions (PET) and air temperature and respiratory diseases (p < 0.000). The results show that with an increase of 1 °C in thermal comfort conditions (PET), hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases will decrease by approximately 64 to 67 patients. It is predicted that the number of patients will decrease by approximately 89 to 94 with an increase of 1 °C in air temperature.
Conclusion
These findings can be informative and serve as guidance for decision-makers in efforts to protect public health, for preventive medicine studies, and for studies on the effects of climate change on human health.
During the last decades the effects of thermal stress on public health have been a great concern worldwide. Thermal stress is determined by air temperature in combination with other meteorological parameters, such as relative humidity and wind speed. The present study is focused on the Mediterranean city of Thessaloniki, Greece and it aims to explore the association between thermal stress and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, using both air temperature and other thermal indices as indicators. For that, an over-dispersed Poisson regression function was used, in combination with distributed lag non-linear models, in order to capture the delayed and nonlinear effects of temperature. Our results revealed a reverse J-shaped exposure-response curve for the total population and females and a U-shaped association for males. In all cases examined, the minimum mortality temperature was identified around the 80th percentile of each distribution. It is noteworthy that despite the fact that the highest risks of cardiovascular mortality were estimated for exposure to extreme temperatures, moderate temperatures were found to cause the highest burden of mortality. On the whole, our estimations demonstrated that the population in Thessaloniki is more susceptible to cold effects and in regard with gender, females seem to be more vulnerable to ambient thermal conditions.
