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a The distribution area of this studies. b Geographic distribution and c network of 12 cpDNA haplotypes of Quercus kerrii. b The pie charts reflect the occurrence frequency of each haplotype in each population. Haplotype colours correspond to those shown in the lower
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Southwest China is one of the major global biodiversity hotspots. The Tanaka line, extending within southwestern China from its northwest to its southeast, is an important biogeographical boundary between the Sino-Japanese and Sino-Himalayan floristic regions. Understanding the evolutionary history of the regional keystone species would assist with...
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We aimed to obtain high resolution vegetation data and climate information about the LGM in the inland of the northern SCS based on key pollen types. Dominant Quercus fossil pollen grains in the core from the continental shelf of the northern SCS have been identified at the infrageneric level by using scanning electron microscopy. Based on tectum o...
During the DNA sequence analyses of specimens on Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis deposited as Erysiphe gracilis or Cystotheca wrightii, some specimens exhibited DNA sequences that are different from the sequences of the two species. Based on BLAST search and morphological observations, the true causal agent was identified as E. quercicola. This is...
Citations
... The alterations in the distributions and differentiations of plants in the Himalayan region and Hengduan Mountains are conspicuous and attributed to climate change [7]. Since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), plants have begun to expand toward higher elevations following climate changes in the Hengduan Mountains [8,9]. Moreover, plants exhibit a tendency to ascend to higher altitudes and dimensions in pursuit of more favorable climatic conditions amid climate warming scenarios [10]. ...
Qiongzhuea tumidinoda stands out as an endemic bamboo species of significant conservation importance in Southwest China, particularly in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It holds a pivotal role in poverty alleviation through the commercialization of its wood and bamboo shoots. However, the suitable area of this species is undergoing rapid changes due to climate change, resulting in species redistribution and potential losses for bamboo farmers. We utilized 209 presence records and 25 environmental variables from 1987 to 2012 to predict the potentially suitable habitats for Q. tumidinoda using MaxEnt, ArcGIS, and R. We rigorously screened the recorded data for reliability and accuracy through expert consultations and observer interviews. We performed pre-processing to select the variables with high contributions for modeling, and 11 variables were selected for the final modeling. Our findings reveal that the top three most influential variables associated with Q. tumidinoda's distribution were the mean monthly potential evapotranspiration (Pet), annual range of air temperatures (Bio7), and mean diurnal air temperature range (Bio2), and the rates of contributions from 1987 to 2012 were 4.8333, 3.5833, and 1.7000. There was a southeastward shift and an elevation increase in the potentially suitable habitats for Q. tumidinoda. The area of potentially suitable habitats in the study region exhibited fluctuating growth, expanding from 3063.42 km2 to 7054.38 km2. The mean monthly potential evapotranspiration (Pet) emerged as a critical determinant shaping the distribution of potentially suitable habitats for Q. tumidinoda. Our study sheds light on the response of Q. tumidinoda to climate change, offering valuable insights for the development and management of plantation industries associated with this species. In the future, to enhance prediction accuracy, researchers could equally consider both organic and inorganic environmental variables. For better preservation of environment and development, Q. tumidinoda could be introduced into nature restoration projects in areas with a suitable habitat or as a commodity that participates in forest carbon sink trading.
... The barrier, which was identified a century ago (Ward, 1921), has been shown to act as a phylogenetic break in some species by hindering gene flow between eastern and western populations (Sun et al., 2017), e.g., Taxus wallichiana Zucc., Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying, and Marmoritis complanatum (Dunn) A.L. Budantzev (Gao et al., 2007;Li et al., 2011;Luo et al., 2017). The Tanaka-Kaiyong Line (TKL; Jiang et al., 2017;Qian et al., 2020), spanning Yunnan and Sichuan in southwestern China, is a dividing line between climate zones (Indian and East Asian monsoons to the west and east, respectively) and their associated biota (Li and Li, 1997;Ye et al., 2017). Distinct genetic lineages on either side of the TKL have been detected in various plant species, supporting its role as a phylogeographic dividing line that promotes differentiation (Fan et al., 2013;Tian et al., 2020). ...
Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography. In East Asia, plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks, the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line, however, few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both. Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia, a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China. Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches. Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P. rotundifolia, but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line, manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group. Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P. rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring. We also found that the Hengduan Mountains, where multiple genetic barriers were detected, acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P. rotundifolia. Ecological niche modeling suggested that P. rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum, and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka. The phylogeographic pattern of P. rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits, wind patterns, barriers, niche differentiation, and Quaternary climate history. This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.
... These factors could result in a negative correlation between genetic diversity and habitat stability. Similar results were also found in other oaks, such as Q. kerrii [62] and Q. schottkyana [11], in which the migration and mixing of genetically differentiated populations in unstable habitat areas led to increased genetic diversity. Two distinct geography-related genetic lineages, West and East, were detected in Q. glauca populations from nSSR data. ...
... More complex topography in the west than in the east could provide higher stability for longer persistence and preservation of genetic variation, which may have facilitated the divergence of lineages through glacial/interglacial cycles [63][64][65]. Meanwhile, long-term environmental heterogeneity along altitudinal or latitudinal gradients also contributes to species genetic differentiation [62]. Distinct east-west phylogeographic differentiation has also been observed in other plants, such as Dysosma versipellis, Cephalotaxus oliveri and Liriodendron chinense [66][67][68]. ...
Background
Forests are essential for maintaining species diversity, stabilizing local and global climate, and providing ecosystem services. Exploring the impact of paleogeographic events and climate change on the genetic structure and distribution dynamics of forest keystone species could help predict responses to future climate change. In this study, we combined an ensemble species distribution model (eSDM) and multilocus phylogeography to investigate the spatial genetic patterns and distribution change of Quercus glauca Thunb, a keystone of East Asian subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Results
A total of 781 samples were collected from 77 populations, largely covering the natural distribution of Q. glauca. The eSDM showed that the suitable habitat experienced a significant expansion after the last glacial maximum (LGM) but will recede in the future under a general climate warming scenario. The distribution centroid will migrate toward the northeast as the climate warms. Using nuclear SSR data, two distinct lineages split between east and west were detected. Within-group genetic differentiation was higher in the West than in the East. Based on the identified 58 haplotypes, no clear phylogeographic structure was found. Populations in the Nanling Mountains, Wuyi Mountains, and the southwest region were found to have high genetic diversity.
Conclusions
A significant negative correlation between habitat stability and heterozygosity might be explained by the mixing of different lineages in the expansion region after LGM and/or hybridization between Q. glauca and closely related species. The Nanling Mountains may be important for organisms as a dispersal corridor in the west-east direction and as a refugium during the glacial period. This study provided new insights into spatial genetic patterns and distribution dynamics of Q. glauca.
... A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the environmental variables at representative SEs distribution points and the entire study area sites using the "ggbiplot" package. This analysis aimed to characterize the climate fluctuations experienced by SEs and the environmental heterogeneity of the study area, following the approach described by Jiang et al. (2018). The 500 representative distribution points for SEs were selected by 50 km × 50 km grid size using the "raster" package. ...
... The alterations in climate from LGM to 2070 at these 500 representative sites were visualized using ArcGIS 10.5. Additionally, we also performed PCA analysis for 19 environmental variables at the entire study area sites under Current conditions and generated a map of environmental heterogeneity in the study area by calculating their PC1 scores (Jiang et al., 2018). ...
... Another reason could be that the concept of renewable energy is only minimally incorporated into educational curriculums and has yet to gain cultural acceptance throughout the country. Our finding is similar to that of previous studies (Bang et al., 2000;Jiang et al., 2018;Kowalska-Pyzalska, 2018;Lopes et al., 2019). However, significant links were reported in several studies (Saleh et al., 2014;Halder et al., 2016;Jabeen et al., 2019;Ashinze et al., 2021;Mäntymaa et al., 2023). ...
Understanding the spatial variation of factors driving interest in bioenergy is important for designing effective energy policies. Although previous authors have broadly explored the determinants of biomass supply intentions in the field of bioenergy, the potential spatial variation of these factors has received limited consideration from bioenergy research. We performed a structural equation modeling based on the theory of planned behavior to investigate the impact of spatial disparities on factors determining people's intentions to supply forestry residues for clean energy. Our data were generated through a survey of 247 participants randomly sampled from two contrasting geographic regions (north and south) of the Republic of Benin. We found that spatial disparities altered the effects of attitude and knowledge of renewable energy while income and perceived behavioral control exhibited consistent positive effects across geographical regions. Our findings imply that ignoring spatial disparities when analyzing bioenergy acceptance can lead to distorted inferences. These findings can be used as a baseline information by policymakers to develop region-specific actions for achieving local transition toward clean energy in the Republic of Benin.
... Geographic isolation and climatic variability might generate contrasting selection regimes that promote population-genetic diversification Manel & Holderegger, 2013). For example, the long-term geographic isolation and climatic heterogeneity in southwestern China might have shaped genetic diversification and promoted local adaptation of the evergreen oak Quercus kerrii (Jiang et al., 2018). Similarly, a previous study revealed that climatic variability had played a major role in shaping population genetic differentiation of the lizard Podarcis muralis in central Italy (Minano et al., 2022). ...
Climate is a fundamental abiotic factor that plays a key role in driving the evolution, distribution and population diversification of species. However, there have been few investigations of genomic signatures of adaptation to local climatic conditions in cladocerans. Here, we have provided the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly (~143 Mb, scaffold N50 12.6 Mb) of the waterflea, Daphnia galeata, and investigated genomic variation in 22 populations from Central Europe and Eastern China. Our ecological-niche models suggested that the historic distribution of D. galeata in Eurasia was significantly affected by Quaternary climate fluctuations. We detected pronounced genomic and morphometric divergences between European and Chinese D. galeata populations. Such divergences could be partly explained by genomic signatures of thermal adaptation to distinct climate regimes: a set of candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with climate were detected. These SNPs were in genes significantly enriched in the Gene ontology terms "determination of adult lifespan" and "translation repressor activity", and especially, mthl5 and SOD1 involved in the IIS pathway, and EIF4EBP2 involved in the target of the rapamycin signalling pathway. Our study indicates that certain alleles might be associated with particular temperature regimes, playing a functional role in shaping the population structure of D. galeata at a large geographical scale. These results highlight the potential role of molecular variation in the response to climate variation, in the context of global climate change.
... Both G. alveolata and G. medogensis are distributed in distant geographical locations, such as Sessa orchid sanctuary (Arunachal Pradesh) and Medog County (China) respectively. The geographical isolation and environmental heterogeneity often cause the accumulation of genetic variability and differentiation in many of the plant species (Jiang et al. 2018, Toth et al. 2019. Intraspecific variations present in the chloroplast markers were widely utilized for phylogeographic studies in plants (Shaw et al. 2014, Nair et al. 2019, including orchids (Pinheiro et al. 2013, Ye et al. 2017. ...
Goodyera medogensis H.Z. Tian, Y.H. Tong & B.M. Wang, a recently described species of ‘Jewel orchid’ from China is reduced as a variety under Goodyera alveolata Pradhan. The morphological differences between G. medogensis and G. alveolata are not enough to treat G. medogensis as a distinct species, but as a variety. Molecular phylogenetic results based on one nuclear (ITS) and two plastid markers (matK and trnL-F) also showed close affinity between these two taxa.
... These limitations have complicated our ability to make comparisons over a large geographic scale, which is necessary to understand the climatic diversity that underlies the distribution of this unique oak clade. In addition, there are currently 253,359 terrestrial protected areas worldwide (UN Environment Programme and International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 2017), and the effectiveness of these protected areas in protecting ELBFs has been largely overlooked in previous SDM studies (e.g., in Jiang et al., 2018;Jiang et al., 2019;Guo et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2022), limiting their application in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration. ...
... proposed to be critical to the evolution of the flora in East Asia (Wu et al., 2010). The different monsoon systems, characterized by their unique rhythm of wet and dry seasons during each year, cause different environmental conditions, which may drive ecological adaptation of local biota (Liu et al., 2013;Tian et al., 2015;Jiang et al., 2018). The Indochina and Southwest China regions are under the ISM regime, with distinct wet and dry seasons, whereas the EASM regime area is characterized by comparatively even precipitation all year long (Qin et al., 1997;Krishnamurti, 2015;Ge et al., 2019). ...
... Regardless of the genetic relationships among species in section Cyclobalanopsis, species still exhibit a similar climatic niche differentiation corresponding to their east vs. west distribution ( Fig. S4; Table 2). Such phenomena suggest that local adaptation to different climatic variables might be a key driver of ecological and evolutionary divergence (Xu et al., 2015;Jiang et al., 2018Jiang et al., , 2019Jiang et al., , and 2021. For example, Q. championii, Q. delavayi, Q. helferiana, Q. kerrii, and Quercus gilva are clustered in the same cladedthe compound trichome base clade (CTB) (Deng et al., 2018). ...
East Asian evergreen broadleaved forests (EBFLs) harbor high species richness, but these ecosystems are severely impacted by global climate change and deforestation. Conserving and managing EBLFs requires understanding dominant tree distribution dynamics. In this study, we used 29 species in Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis—a keystone lineage in East Asian EBLFs—as proxies to predict EBLF distribution dynamics using species distribution models (SDMs). We examined climatic niche overlap, similarity, and equivalency among seven biogeographical regions’ species using ‘ecospat’. We also estimated the effectiveness of protected areas in the predicted range to elucidate priority conservation regions. Our results showed that the climatic niches of most geographical groups differ. The western species under the Indian summer monsoon regime were mainly impacted by temperature factors, whereas precipitation impacted the eastern species under the East Asian summer monsoon regime. Our simulation predicted a northward range expansion of section Cyclobalanopsis between 2081 and 2100, except for the ranges of the three Himalayan species analyzed, which might shrink significantly. The greatest shift of highly suitable areas was predicted for the species in the South Pacific, with a centroid shift of over 300 km. Remarkably, only 7.56% of suitable habitat is currently inside protected areas, and the percentage is predicted to continue declining in the future. To better conserve Asian EBLFs, establishing nature reserves in their northern distribution ranges, and transplanting the populations with predicted decreasing numbers and degraded habitats to their future highly suitable areas, should be high-priority objectives. © 2023 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences
... Pearson correlation analysis and variance inflation factor (VIF) analysis were used to solve the collinearity of environmental factors (Radosavljevic et al., 2014;Jiang et al., 2018;Dang et al., 2021). Environmental factors with |r|<0.8 and VIF < 10 were selected. ...
Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr (larch) is one of the main afforestation and timber production species used in North China. Climate change has led to a change in its suitable distribution and growth. However, the impact of climate change on its growth suitability is not clear. In this study, using forest resource inventory data and spatially continuous environmental factor data (temperature, precipitation, topography, and soil) in Hebei and Shanxi Provinces, China, the random forest model (RF) was used to simulate the larch site index (SI) and growth suitability under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) for the current and future (2021–2040, 2041–2060 and 2080–2100). The results revealed that (1) RF had excellent performance in predicting the regional SI (R² = 0.73, MAE = 0.93 m, RMSE = 1.35 m); (2) the main factors affecting the productivity of larch were the mean temperature of the warmest quarter (BIO10), elevation (ELEV), mean diurnal range (BIO2), and annual precipitation (BIO12); and (3) larch currently had a higher SI in the Bashang areas and in the high-altitude mountains. The areas characterized as unsuitable, poorly suitable, moderately suitable, and highly suitable accounted for 15.45%, 42.12%, 31.94%, and 10.49% of the total area, respectively. (4) Future climate warming had an obvious inhibitory effect on the SI, and the effect strengthened with increasing radiation intensity and year. (5) The moderately suitable and highly suitable areas of larch growth showed a downward trend under future climate scenarios. By the end of this century, the suitable growth areas would decrease by 14.14% under SSP1-2.6, 15.17% under SSP2-4.5, and 19.35% under SSP5-8.5. The results revealed the impact of climate change on larch growth suitability, which can provide a scientific basis for larch forest management.
... In 2021, the cultivated area of tea-oil Camellia species in China reached approximately 4.66 million hectares. C. drupifera ranks among the top three species based on the total output of Camellia oil (Jiang et al., 2018). Because tea-oil Camellia species grow under different environmental conditions, the species have different growth habits, morphological characteristics and oil qualities Ye et al., 2020). ...
... The dual effects of geographic isolation and environmental selection pressure are key factors contributing to heterogeneous variation among populations (Binks et al., 2019;Jiang et al., 2018). The restriction of gene flow exchange by geographic barriers simultaneously enhances the local adaptation of populations and provides unique genetic characteristics for population evolution . ...
Camellia drupifera is mainly distributed in southern China. Due to geographical isolation, the C. drupifera resources in Hainan Island are very different from those in mainland China. However, the genetic variation, differentiation and evolution of C. drupifera have not been revealed. In this study, 22 SRAP markers and 7 chloroplast sequences were used to determine the genetic variation and differentiation and infer the origin and evolutionary history of C. drupifera populations. The results showed that C. drupifera populations exhibit low genetic diversity and exhibit an obvious pedigree geographical structure with high genetic differentiation and low gene exchange. The phylogenetic tree and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that this differentiation was mainly due to separation of the Hainan Island and mainland populations. Geographical isolation and island effects caused the pedigree structure with large genetic differentiation and reduced genetic diversity. A STRUCTURE analysis revealed that the mainland populations have a single genetic background compared with the Hainan Island populations. The haplotype network showed that H17 was the original haplotype in Hainan Island and that the H41 haplotype was important in the expansion of C. drupifera from Hainan Island to mainland China. The haplotype historical dynamics revealed expansion of the Hainan Island populations. This comprehensive analysis suggests that C. drupifera originated in Hainan Island and expanded its range to mainland China. These results provide a scientific basis for the protection, development and utilization of C. drupifera resources and a good example of how geographic isolation and island effects can drive plant lineage differentiation.
