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This paper presents the performance testing of Zeolite adsorption cooling system driven by low grade waste heat source extracted from prime mover’s exhaust, power plant’s exhaust and the solar energy. The adsorbent FAM Z01 is used as an adsorbent in the adsorption chiller facility. Owing to its large equilibrium pore volume, it has the high affinit...
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... the reactor beds are reversed in next half cycle. Prior to switching their roles, pre-cooling of desorber bed and preheating of adsorber beds need to be performed for a short period which is known as a switching process. The pictorial view of Zeolite adsorption test facility is illustrated in Fig. 3. The structure of Zeolite FAM Z01 is shown in Fig. 4a. Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) picture of FAM Z01 is presented in Fig. ...
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In this study, the energy characteristics of water vapor adsorption in NaA and NaA(NaBO 2 ) zeolites were measured by adsorption calorimetry. Information of differential heats, isotherms, entropy and kinetic of adsorption in the matrix of NaA and NaA(NaBO 2 ) zeolites were obtained. Adsorption isotherms (a) and differential heats of adsorption (Qd)...
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... Because water is easily available and harmless, more adsorption heat pump systems choose water vapor as the adsorbate material. The commonly used adsorbents are mainly various porous materials, such as zeolite, 10 expanded vermiculite, 11 kaolin, 12 diatomite, 13 microporous aluminum phosphate, 14 and so on. They physically adsorb with water at lower temperatures and release heat, while they store heat by dehydration and heat absorption at higher temperatures. ...
Adsorption heat conversion systems can provide heating and cooling across time and space in a more environmentally friendly way. Porous materials are potential candidates for water-based adsorption thermal conversion, in which a metal–organic framework (MOF) has a larger specific surface area and porosity than other porous matrices. However, many MOFs with high saturated adsorption capacity have great deficiencies in performance at low water vapor partial pressure, which hinder their application in adsorption thermal conversion. To improve the water vapor adsorption performance of MIL-101 (Cr), different contents of magnesium chloride, lithium chloride, and lanthanum chloride are mixed into MIL-101 (Cr) by an impregnation method. The properties and structures of the materials are characterized by XRD, SEM, nitrogen adsorption tests, water vapor adsorption tests, TG, FTIR, and so on. The results show that the saturated water vapor adsorption capacity of the sample impregnated with salt increases by 1.5–2.3 times, up to 2.24 g/g, compared with that of the unimpregnated sample. When the partial pressure of water vapor is 0.3, the adsorption capacity increases by 5.3–7.5 times and reaches 0.68 g/g at most. The maximum heat storage density of impregnated samples can be increased by 866 J/g. Impregnated MgCl2 can greatly improve the adsorption and thermal conversion performance of MOF, and impregnated MgCl2 and the proper amount of LiCl can further improve the performance of the material system. Our experiments show that the composite impregnation of magnesium chloride and the proper amount of lithium chloride can improve the application performance of the MOF materials in the adsorption thermal conversion process.
... Zeolites also serve as great adsorbents in gas treatment facilities, capturing contaminations [97] like nickel (Ni) [141], arsenic (As) [142], zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) [143], and lead (Pb) [111,144]. Zeolites are also used as a bed material in adsorption refrigerators [145][146][147], because they are sorption materials characterized by excellent sorption properties: high adsorption capacity, molecular shape selectivity, and a very large surface area. A synthesized zeolite may be characterized by superior properties compared to a commercial zeolite, making it a more appealing choice for gas separation fly ashderived zeolites As for the more specific use of zeolites synthesized from FA, they can also be used in adsorption systems for CO 2 [138,139]. ...
... Zeolites also serve as great adsorbents in gas treatment facilities, capturing contaminations [97] like nickel (Ni) [141], arsenic (As) [142], zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) [143], and lead (Pb) [111,144]. Zeolites are also used as a bed material in adsorption refrigerators [145][146][147], because they are sorption materials characterized by excellent sorption properties: high adsorption capacity, molecular shape selectivity, and a very large surface area. A synthesized zeolite may be characterized by superior properties compared to a commercial zeolite, making it a more appealing choice for gas separation applications. ...
The synthesis and utilization of zeolites derived from fly ash (FA) gained significant attention years ago due to their potential to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices subscribing to the circular economy concept. This paper highlights the recent findings regarding the synthesis and utilization of zeolites derived from FA. It begins with a discussion about the recent challenges regarding industrial waste management and statistics regarding its availability on the global market with a special insight into the situation in Poland. The characteristics of FA obtained from various fuels were presented and the main differences were highlighted. Then, different methods used for the synthesis of zeolites from FA were discussed in small and pilot scales taking into consideration the main challenges and problems. The analytical methods used in porous materials synthesis verification and properties determination were described. The sorption properties of FA-derived zeolites were presented and discussed. Finally, the paper emphasizes the potential applications of fly ash-derived zeolites in different fields. Their importance as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials in industry, construction, agriculture, power, medicine, and other industrial sectors was analyzed.
... One example of zeolites operating at <100 • C is also FAM-Z01, which has a water sorption capacity per sorbent unit of 0.17 g/g. Its regeneration can take place at 50-85 • C [109]. Figure 3 shows SEM images taken for commercially available and zeolite molecular sieves used in adsorption systems. ...
... One example of zeolites operating at <100 °C is also FAM-Z which has a water sorption capacity per sorbent unit of 0.17 g/g. Its regeneration can t place at 50-85 °C [109]. Figure 3 shows SEM images taken for commercially available a zeolite molecular sieves used in adsorption systems. ...
Adsorption cooling technology is a promising alternative to replace conventional solutions. However, adsorption chillers still need to be improved in terms of performance parameters. One of the most important factors affecting their efficiency is the characteristics of the adsorbent, which should have the highest adsorption capacity and enable efficient heat transport in the bed. The objective of this paper is to present current developments in the field of composite sorbents with silica gel matrix as modern and very promising materials and then perform a detailed analysis of them. The paper summarises the methods of synthesis of composite sorbents and the current knowledge concerning these materials. The analysis focuses on a comparison of the available data, particular taking into account the types of matrixes, so that the analysis provides a clear and qualitative basis for further research. As a result of exploring the state of the art, this subject is found to be insufficiently described; therefore, these materials are comprehensively analysed in terms of their properties and the impact of their use on the COP (coefficient of performance) and SCP (specific cooling power) of adsorption chillers. Based on the analysis of the literature, the most promising directions for further research are also indicated.
... Liquid desiccant dehumidifying setup integrated with Solar evacuated tube collectors(Bhowmik et al., 2021).Different types of desiccants, namely molecular sieves (silica gel), zeolite(3A,4A,5A,13X), and adsorbents from activated carbon found to be popular choices(Al-Ansari, 2001;Ayinla et al., 2019;Czarna-Juszkiewicz et al., 2020;El-Sharkawy et al., 2014;Li et al., 2014;Myat et al., 2013;Ochedi et al., 2020;Rodriguez-Reinoso and Silvestre-Albero, 2016)(Ahmed et al., 2020). Composite MOF'S (metal-organic frame works)(Solovyeva et al., 2018) and Composite Desiccants significantly attracted researchers recently ...
The present article regards a systematic review of adsorption cooling systems assisted by solar, ultrasound, and microwave energy sources. Numerical and experimental studies are included in this work, while the emphasis is given to the presentation of the mathematical formulation techniques. Due to the exceptional capability of utilizing low-grade energy, the adsorption cooling system attracted researchers amid increasing demand for cooling applications, decreasing the consumption of rapidly lasting fossil fuels. A significant quantity of energy is available as waste heat from industry, power stations, solar radiation, etc. The critical review is done on adsorption cooling systems to enhance the existing system's efficiency, which contributes to the reduction of pollution and global warming. Moreover, the efficient system is expected to have low adsorption and desorption time. This review presents different types of desiccants and various integrated techniques available to enhance the effectiveness of the adsorption-based cooling system, including ultrasound, microwaves, solar energy, etc. The present study critically reviews different modeling techniques of integrated adsorption cooling systems, using recent advancements in power techniques like microwave energy and ultrasound.
... Water vapor is widely used because of its environmental friendliness and high evaporation enthalpy of 2500 kJ/kg. [3,4] At present, many porous materials can be used as adsorbents for AHT, including silica gel, [5] activated carbon, [6,7] zeolite, [8] aluminum phosphate, [9,10] and metal-organic framework materials (MOFs). [11][12][13][14] In comparison with silica gel, zeolite, and other traditional porous materials, MOFs have much higher specific surface area [15] and pore volume, [16] as well as the characteristic of adjustable pore structure. ...
UiO-66 is a potential material for adsorption heat transformation (AHT) with high specific surface area, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. However, the low water adsorption capacity of UiO-66 in the low relative pressure range (0<P/P 0 <0.3) limits its application in AHT. We prepared the UiO-66 modified by MgCl 2 with the methods of solvothermal and impregnation, and studied their water vapor adsorption performance and heat storage capacity. Attributed to the extremely high saturated water uptake and excellent hydrophilicity of MgCl 2 , the water adsorption performance of UiO-66 was improved, although the introduction of MgCl 2 reduced its specific surface area and pore volume. The water adsorption capacity at (P/P 0 =0.3) and the saturated water adsorption capacity of the UiO-66 (with MgCl 2 content of 0.57 wt.%) modified by the solvothermal method was 0.27 g/g and 0.57 g/g at 298 K, respectively, which is 68.8 % and 32.6 % higher than that of pure UiO-66. Compared with pure UiO-66, the water adsorption capacity of the UiO-66 (with MgCl 2 content of 1.02 wt.%) modified by the impregnation method is increased by 56.3 % and 14.0 % at the same pressure, respectively. During 20 water adsorption/desorption cycles, the above two materials showed high heat storage densities (~1293 J/g and 1378 J/g). Therein, the UiO-66 modified by the solvothermal method exhibits excellent cyclic stability. These results suggest that the introduction of an appropriate amount of MgCl 2 makes UiO-66 more suitable for AHT applications.
... The adsorption kinetics showed that for higher pressures, if the time of adsorption had been increased, this sample would have been able to adsorb more water vapor. However, for lower P/P 0 (which is actually the working condition for adsorption chillers [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]), equilibrium was almost reached in less than 20 min. ...
... To determine the potential of the Na-A zeolite (12 h) as an adsorbent in the sorption chiller in working pair with water, conditions and performance of adsorption chillers were taken from previously published papers [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For those chillers, during adsorption, the pressure of the adsorbent bed is always lower, usually above 15% of the saturation pressure, and can sometimes be as high as 45% [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. ...
... To determine the potential of the Na-A zeolite (12 h) as an adsorbent in the sorption chiller in working pair with water, conditions and performance of adsorption chillers were taken from previously published papers [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. For those chillers, during adsorption, the pressure of the adsorbent bed is always lower, usually above 15% of the saturation pressure, and can sometimes be as high as 45% [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The temperature usually ranges between 25-40 • C [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. ...
Adsorption chillers produce cold energy, using heat instead of electricity, thus reducing electrical energy consumption. A major industrial waste, fly ash, can be converted to zeolite and used in adsorption chillers as an adsorbent. In this research, three different types of zeolites were synthesised from fly ash via a hydrothermal reaction in an alkaline solution (NaOH). The obtained samples (Na-A zeolites) were modified with K2CO3 to increase the water adsorption capacity of these samples. Phase and morphology analyses shows that desired zeolites formed properly but other crystalline phases also exist along with nonporous amorphous phases. The determined specific surface areas for Na-A zeolite (12 h) and Na-A zeolite (24 h) are 45 m2/g and 185 m2/g respectively, while the specific surface area for synthesized 13X zeolite is almost negligible. Water-isotherm for each of these samples was measured. Considering the application of adsorption chillers, average adsorption capacity was very low, 1.73% and 1.27%, respectively, for the two most probable operating conditions for synthesized 13X zeolite, whereas no water was available for the evaporation from Na-A zeolite (12 h) and Na-A zeolite (24 h). This analysis implies that among the synthesized materials only 13X zeolite has a potential as an adsorber in sorption chillers.
... FAM-Z01 is an AFI type of molecular sieve in which Fe heteroatoms partly replace Al and/or P atoms. The key benefit of FAM-Z01 is that regeneration can be carried out at 50-80 • C [109]. AQSOA-Z01 behaves as hydrophobic up to the relative pressure of 0.15. ...
Freshwater resources are being heavily depleted and not replenished at the same high rate, thus, atmospheric water vapor harvesting has earned growing interest. Development of high-performing desiccant or adsorbent materials offering high sorption capacity and selectivity as well as regeneration capability in atmospheric conditions is crucial to tackle water scarcity. The required properties to generate potent water sorbents include pore accessibility, high specific surface area and porosity to enable high capture capacity and kinetics, and hydrothermal resilience to resist cyclic sorption and desorption. Further, polarity, hydrogen bonding, adhesion ability of water molecules to adsorbent surface, and hydrophilic functional groups can boost water adsorption. A highly promising class of water vapor adsorbents is the aluminophosphate molecular sieves (AlPOs), which are microporous zeotype materials. In this review, AlPO-based adsorbents are discussed for water sorption applications and a link is established between performance of materials and their chemical and morphological properties. Synthesis-properties-performance relationships are elucidated in light of synthesis techniques and adsorption behavior, and prospects to enhance AlPOs' water vapor sorption performance toward large-scale water harvesting applications are highlighted.
... As can be found from the experimental observation that the higher ∆q is obtained with "S-shaped" isotherm as compared with that of the type I isotherms for adsorption chiller application. As a result, the ADC driven under the lower regeneration temperature (<60 °C) could be achieved by employing "S-shaped" adsorbents [ 13 ]. The interactions between water vapor and adsorbent are governed by adsorbent porosity, hydrothermal stability, water adsorption capacity, recyclability and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity [ 14 ]. ...
... Consequently, the thermophysical properties of commonly used adsorbents are presented in Table 1. Extensive studies have been carried out to investigate adsorption isotherms of various pairs [22,41,48,59,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. The fundamental equations of adsorption isotherm models are summarized as presented in Table A1. ...
Adsorption-based desalination (AD) is an emerging concept to co-generate distilled fresh water and cooling applications. The present study is aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the adsorption desalination systems and subsequent hybridization with known conventional cycles such as the multiple-effect AD (MED), solar regenerable, integrated evaporator-condenser cascaded, and ejector integrated systems. The systems are investigated for energy consumption, productivity enhancement, and performance parameters, including production cost, daily water production, and performance coefficient. Comprehensive economic aspects, future challenges, and future progress of the technologies are discussed accordingly to pave researchers' paths for technological innovation. Traditional AD systems can produce specific daily water production of 25 kg per kg of adsorbent. The solar adsorption desalination-cooling (ADC) showed a promising specific cooling power of 112 W/kg along with a COP of 0.45. Furthermore, for a hybrid MEDAD cycle, the gain output ratio (GOR) and performance ratio (PR) is found to be 40%, along with an augmented water production rate from 60% to two folds. The AD technology could manage the high salinity feed water with the production of low salinity water with a reasonable cost of US$0.2/m 3 .
... This cooling technology can be driven by low-grade heat energy; hence, the consumption of highgrade electrical energy can be effectively reduced [5,6]. For the reasons of high latent heat of vaporization [7] (~2400 kJ kg −1 ) as well as non-toxic and environmental protection [8], water is the most commonly used refrigerant, and the water-based adsorption cooling working pairs mainly include silica gel [9][10][11][12][13][14], zeolites (SAPO-34 [15], ZSM-5 [16], AQSOA [17], FAM Z01 [18], 13X [19] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, such as MIL-100 [20], MIL-101 [21,22], ISE-1 [23] and MOF-801 [24]). Some adsorbent-refrigerant working pairs like silica gel-water [12], siliceous shale impregnated LiCl-water [25] and AQSOA FAM-Z02-water [26] have been utilized in adsorption chiller application. ...
MIL-101 is a promising metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) material in adsorption chiller application due to its high adsorption capacity for water and excellent adsorption/desorption cyclic stability. Few layer graphene (FLG) as the thermal conductive additive was added into MIL-101 to improve inferior heat transfer of MIL-101 in the adsorption cooling process. The heat transfer characteristic of MIL-101/FLG adsorber and the adsorption cooling performance of the MIL-101/FLG-water working pair were studied. Results show that thermal conductivity of MIL-101/20%FLG composite is 5.79-6.54 times that of MIL-101. Adding FLG is conducive to the formation of heat transfer channels in MIL-101/FLG adsorber and the rapid removal of adsorption heat. The heating and cooling rate of MIL-101/FLG adsorber is ~2.2 times that of MIL-101 adsorber. Under typical adsorption water chiller conditions, the specific cooling power (SCP) and coefficient of performance (COP) of the MIL-101/FLG-water working pair is 72.2–81.0 W kg−1 and 0.187–0.202, respectively, at desorption temperatures of 70 °C and 90 °C, which is 1.43–1.56 times higher than the MIL-101-water working pair. The excellent structural and adsorption/desorption cyclic stability of MIL-101/FLG composite is verified after 50 consecutive cycles. It can provide a promising adsorbent candidate (MIL-101/FLG composite) in adsorption water chiller process.
