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(a) Sensor placement in the prototype bite. (b) First generation prototype used in test #2. (c) Second generation (wireless) prototype used in test #3.
Source publication
Objective:
This study aims to test a customised device for detecting contact-related sleep bruxism in adult patients and to show the efficacy of an established biofeedback method incorporated within the device.
Methods:
Four volunteers, three of whom suffered from bruxism and one did not, underwent four tests to assess bruxism-related force dete...
Citations
... As características envolvendo ano de publicação, ano do estudo, amostra, método, instrumento para diagnóstico, tipo de bruxismo e tipo de BF utilizado estão descritas em detalhes na tabela 1. A maioria dos artigos foi publicada nos últimos 10 anos (n = 21, 58%) 11,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][33][34][35][36]38,39,[41][42][43][44] , sendo que 43% (n = 9) 24,[27][28][29][30][31]39,43,44 desses foram entre os anos de 2020 e 2022. Houve predominância dos estudos experimentais, com amostras variando de 1 a 159 participantes; mais da metade dos estudos investigou apenas o BS 10,11,14,17,18,20,21,25,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] , enquanto 17,14% investigaram apenas o BV 12,13,[40][41][42][43] ...
... As características envolvendo ano de publicação, ano do estudo, amostra, método, instrumento para diagnóstico, tipo de bruxismo e tipo de BF utilizado estão descritas em detalhes na tabela 1. A maioria dos artigos foi publicada nos últimos 10 anos (n = 21, 58%) 11,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][33][34][35][36]38,39,[41][42][43][44] , sendo que 43% (n = 9) 24,[27][28][29][30][31]39,43,44 desses foram entre os anos de 2020 e 2022. Houve predominância dos estudos experimentais, com amostras variando de 1 a 159 participantes; mais da metade dos estudos investigou apenas o BS 10,11,14,17,18,20,21,25,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] , enquanto 17,14% investigaram apenas o BV 12,13,[40][41][42][43] ...
... A maioria dos artigos foi publicada nos últimos 10 anos (n = 21, 58%) 11,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][33][34][35][36]38,39,[41][42][43][44] , sendo que 43% (n = 9) 24,[27][28][29][30][31]39,43,44 desses foram entre os anos de 2020 e 2022. Houve predominância dos estudos experimentais, com amostras variando de 1 a 159 participantes; mais da metade dos estudos investigou apenas o BS 10,11,14,17,18,20,21,25,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] , enquanto 17,14% investigaram apenas o BV 12,13,[40][41][42][43] ...
Objetivo: Compreender como os diversos tipos de biofeedback agem, e se são eficazes no controle do bruxismo do sono e vigília. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, com busca em três bases de dados, Medline (Pubmed e BVS), PEDRo e Cochrane, e redigida de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA-ScR. Resultados: Foram encontradas 595 referências. Após a remoção das duplicatas e da aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, trinta e cinco artigos foram incluídos. A maioria investigou o bruxismo do sono e o uso de placas orais integradas a sistemas de biofeedback, principalmente através de estímulos exteroceptivos. Na maioria dos artigos, o biofeedback foi efetivo a curto prazo para o bruxismo do sono, reduzindo a duração dos episódios, mas não alterando o número de episódios do bruxismo, mas com retorno aos níveis do pré-tratamento. O uso do biofeedback foi mais efetivo para o bruxismo de vigília e nos estudos que investigaram ambos os tipos de bruxismo, mas, com o uso do biofeedback apenas no período diurno, foi possível observar uma redução tanto nos eventos do bruxismo de vigília como nos do sono. Conclusão: A maioria das pesquisas se utilizou do biofeedback por meio de estímulo exteroceptivo, com reforço negativo a um estímulo aversivo; poucos estudos utilizaram o biofeedback com o propósito de condicionamento motor ou de mudança comportamental, sendo esses mais eficazes, mesmo após a retirada do estímulo.
... Within these premises, "measured" bruxism still remains the ideal target for comparison with other approaches and for the identification of bruxism status proxies as well as to test other technologies. [134][135][136][137] Deeper probing into this area will allow for an increase in knowledge on several aspects of AB, The use STAB and the BruxScreen 24,25 will allow getting deeper into the epidemiology of the various items at the individual (e.g., case series) as well as at the population level (e.g., cross-sectional and longitudinal large-sample studies). Data will be used to standardize future reports for comparison purposes. ...
Objective:
In line with a similar recent proposal for sleep bruxism (SB), defining clinically oriented research routes to implement knowledge on awake bruxism (AB) metrics is important for an enhanced comprehension of the full bruxism spectrum, i.e. better assessment and more efficient management.
Methods:
We summarised current strategies for AB assessment and proposed a research route for improving its metrics.
Results:
Most of the literature focuses on bruxism in general or SB in particular, whilst knowledge on AB is generally fragmental. Assessment can be based on non-instrumental or instrumental approaches. The former include self-report (questionnaires, oral history) and clinical examination, whilst the latter include electromyography (EMG) of jaw muscles during wakefulness as well as the technology-enhanced ecological momentary assesment (EMA). Phenotyping of different AB activities should be the target of a research task force. In the absence of available data on the frequency and intensity of wake-time bruxism-type masticatory muscle activity, any speculation about the identification of thresholds and criteria to identify bruxers is premature. Research routes in the field must focus on the improvement of data reliability and validity.
Conclusions:
Probing deeper into the study of AB metrics is a fundamental step to assist clinicians in preventing and managing the putative consequences at the individual level. The present manuscript proposes some possible research routes to advance current knowledge. At different levels, instrumentally-based and subject-based information must be gathered in a universally accepted standardized approach.
... The importance of combining objective with subjective measures when evaluating masticatory function has been previously emphasized [96]. Historically, instrumental approaches to objectively study jaw function have included measurements of occlusal bite force, jaw kinematics, and electrical energy in the masticatory muscles [97], with occasional integration of multiple measurements [98][99][100][101][102]. Coupling measurements of masticatory muscle electromyography (EMG) with those from jaw motion tracking provides information about the correlation between jaw movements and masticatory muscle activity (MMA), thereby improving our understanding of orofacial function [100,[103][104][105][106] and parafunction [107][108][109][110]. Advances in technology and miniaturization permit instrumental approaches to understanding oral function [111,112] and parafunction [113][114][115] in naturalistic settings. ...
Wearable technology to augment traditional approaches are increasingly being added to the arsenals of treatment providers. Wearable technology generally refers to electronic systems, devices, or sensors that are usually worn on or are in close proximity to the human body. Wearables may be stand-alone or integrated into materials that are worn on the body. What sets medical wearables apart from other systems is their ability to collect, store, and relay information regarding an individual’s current body status to other devices operating on compatible networks in naturalistic settings. The last decade has witnessed a steady increase in the use of wearables specific to the orofacial region. Applications range from supplementing diagnosis, tracking treatment progress, monitoring patient compliance, and better understanding the jaw’s functional and parafunctional activities. Orofacial wearable devices may be unimodal or incorporate multiple sensing modalities. The objective data collected continuously, in real time, in naturalistic settings using these orofacial wearables provide opportunities to formulate accurate and personalized treatment strategies. In the not-too-distant future, it is anticipated that information about an individual’s current oral health status may provide patient-centric personalized care to prevent, diagnose, and treat oral diseases, with wearables playing a key role. In this review, we examine the progress achieved, summarize applications of orthodontic relevance and examine the future potential of orofacial wearables.
... The use of modified oral appliances, resembling traditional resin splints but embedding sensors that monitor the occlusal pressure, has been proposed for monitoring bruxism [21][22][23][24][25]. Such devices can potentially address some of the usability limitations listed before, as they (i) are easy for the user to place correctly (fit on the dental arch in a precise position); (ii) do not involve in principle wires or enclosures attached to the face (self-contained appliances have been demonstrated); (iii) do not need to be combined with additional devices to protect the teeth. ...
Background:
Oral appliances embedding sensors can be interesting tools for monitoring tooth contact bruxism in a home environment, as they address some of the usability limitations of portable electromyography (EMG) systems. In this study, an oral appliance for sleep bruxism monitoring was compared to an electromyograph.
Methods:
Simulated bruxism events with tooth contact, specifically clenching and grinding, and other occlusal activities unrelated to bruxism, were measured in 23 subjects with the two instruments simultaneously. The recordings were analyzed automatically by a computer program in order to compare the two techniques.
Results:
The two instruments were found to be strongly correlated in terms of detecting events (r = 0.89), and estimating their duration (r = 0.88) and their intensity (r = 0.83).
Conclusions:
The two techniques were in agreement in measuring event frequency, duration and intensity in the studied group, suggesting that force-sensing oral appliances have the potential to be easy-to-use tools for home monitoring of bruxism, alone or as complements to portable EMGs.
Bruxism is a parafunctional oral behavior that affects a large percentage of the population. Bruxism is a risk factor for temporomandibular disorders. A gold standard is still lacking for assessing bruxism while awake, whereas for sleep bruxism, polysomnography with audio and video recording is the gold standard. Wearable devices, particularly those that detect sound (hearables), are cost-effective and convenient and could fill the gap. With this systematic literature review of Livivo and PubMed, extended by individual Google Scholar searches, we aimed to assess the potential of wearable devices that use sound as a biomarker for detecting bruxism. In summary, sounds originating from oral behaviors can be recorded from the ear, and hearables have the potential to detect bruxism-like events.
