(a) Schematic of the orthorhombic unit cell of tungstite, which converts to the monoclinic tungsten oxide unit cell by dehydration at elevated temperatures (≥300 °C). Reprinted with permission from [83], with permission from Springer, 2014. (b) XRD patterns of orthorhombic WO3·H2O and monoclinic WO3. (c) Calculated energy landscapes of the HER on WO3 (200) and Pt (111). Reprinted with permission from [82], with permission from American Chemical Society, 2017. (d) Synthesis process and (e) linear sweep voltammograms at 2500 of hydrated tungsten oxide (WO3·nH2O, n values 0.33, 1.00, or 2.00) at room temperature. Reprinted with permission from [40], with permission from American Chemical Society, 2020.

Contexts in source publication

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... instance, Guninel et al. annealed orthotropic WO 3 ·H 2 O in air, and they found that the crystal structure transformed to monoclinic WO 3 with the disappearance of water molecules in the structure. The detailed dehydration process is shown in Figure 2a [83]. Pradhan et al. also have prepared the monoclinic WO 3 by annealing orthotropic tungsten oxide hydrate at 400 • C in the air (Figure 2b) [82]. ...

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... detailed dehydration process is shown in Figure 2a [83]. Pradhan et al. also have prepared the monoclinic WO 3 by annealing orthotropic tungsten oxide hydrate at 400 • C in the air (Figure 2b) [82]. It shows that the double-layer capacitance (C dl ) of monocline WO 3 is 2.83 times that of the original WO 3 ·H 2 O, providing more active surfaces during the catalytic reaction. ...

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... a result, the monoclinic WO 3 exhibits an over-potential of 73 mV at 10 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 , which is much lower than that of orthorhombic tungsten oxide hydrate (147 mV). The density functional theory (DFT) results (Figure 2c) proved that the hydrogen proton adsorption energy on P2 1/n monocline WO 3 (200) is more suitable than that of Pt (111). Halder's group investigated the effect of heat treatment temperatures on the phase transition. ...

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... additives also have an impact on the crystal phase of tungsten oxide during the preparation process. Song's team precisely prepared the orthorhombic WO 3 ·0.33H 2 O and monoclinic WO 3 ·2H 2 O by utilizing ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and DL-malic acid at room temperature, respectively (Figure 2d) [40]. It demonstrated that a lower over-potential (117 mV) and Tafel slope (66.5 mV dec −1 ) of monoclinic WO 3 ·2H 2 O were required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 0. Certain additives also have an impact on the crystal phase of tungsten oxide during the preparation process. ...

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... demonstrated that a lower over-potential (117 mV) and Tafel slope (66.5 mV dec −1 ) of monoclinic WO 3 ·2H 2 O were required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 0. Certain additives also have an impact on the crystal phase of tungsten oxide during the preparation process. Song's team precisely prepared the orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O and monoclinic WO3·2H2O by utilizing ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and DL-malic acid at room temperature, respectively (Figure 2d) [40]. It demonstrated that a lower over−potential (117 mV) and Tafel slope (66.5 mV dec −1 ) of monoclinic WO3·2H2O were required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 (Figure 2e (a) Schematic of the orthorhombic unit cell of tungstite, which converts to the monoclinic tungsten oxide unit cell by dehydration at elevated temperatures (≥300 °C). ...

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... team precisely prepared the orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O and monoclinic WO3·2H2O by utilizing ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and DL-malic acid at room temperature, respectively (Figure 2d) [40]. It demonstrated that a lower over−potential (117 mV) and Tafel slope (66.5 mV dec −1 ) of monoclinic WO3·2H2O were required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 (Figure 2e (a) Schematic of the orthorhombic unit cell of tungstite, which converts to the monoclinic tungsten oxide unit cell by dehydration at elevated temperatures (≥300 °C). Reprinted with permission from [83], with permission from Springer, 2014. ...

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... additives also have an impact on the crystal phase of tungsten oxide during the preparation process. Song's team precisely prepared the orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O and monoclinic WO3·2H2O by utilizing ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and DL-malic acid at room temperature, respectively (Figure 2d) [40]. It demonstrated that a lower over−potential (117 mV) and Tafel slope (66.5 mV dec −1 ) of monoclinic WO3·2H2O were required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 (Figure 2e). ...

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... team precisely prepared the orthorhombic WO3·0.33H2O and monoclinic WO3·2H2O by utilizing ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and DL-malic acid at room temperature, respectively (Figure 2d) [40]. It demonstrated that a lower over−potential (117 mV) and Tafel slope (66.5 mV dec −1 ) of monoclinic WO3·2H2O were required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm −2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 (Figure 2e). ...