Fig 9 - uploaded by Mukesh Chander
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a) Schematic of styrene-butadiene-styrene Block copolymer morphology. b) Hypothetical lignin multiphase polymer in soft matrix. c) Transmission electron microscopy image of NBR-Kraft softwood lignin blend
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In the last century, the major achievement of the material science is the generation of number of synthetic polymers and composites which has revolutionized the world. But these materials are a potent source of pollution also, as these are non-biodegradable under natural environmental conditions. Lignin is one of the major constituents of natural a...
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... studies has shown that the role of filler networks for the excellent reinforcement of rubber in which lignin acted similarly to inorganic fillers. In another study, authors [1] developed 50% renewable thermoplastic elastomers called acrylonitrilebutadiene-lignin (ABL) as alternative to ABS by replacing styrene with nanoscale lignin (Figure 9). ...
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Banana is a fruit grown mainly in tropical countries of the world. After harvest, almost 60% of banana biomass is left as waste. Worldwide, about 114.08 million metric tons of banana waste-loss are produced, leading to environmental problems such as the excessive emission of greenhouse gases. These wastes contain a high content of paramount industr...
Citations
... The bioactive molecule's application has found a big user bane worldwide [19]. These carbohydrate raw materials can be further used in pharmaceutical Biotechnology to produce anti cancer [20], anti Alzheimer, anti Perkinson molecules [21]. It may also be used for synthesis of natural/microbial pigments and composites too [22]. ...
The carbohydrate molecules forms a variety of natural products named "glycoconjugates-key components of different biological processes". The challenge lies in preparation of bulk quantities of these organics for industrial application and processes. The monosaccharide as raw material to synthesize glycoconjugates are available in large quantities so as to oligomerise these monosaccharides.The chiral nature of monosaccharide has made them suitable to use as starting material also for the synthesis of compounds other than glycoconjugates. Glycal a cyclic enol ether derivatives of sugars can be formed as pyranose (six-membered) or furanose (five-membered) rings, depending on the monosaccharide used as a starting material to synthesize the glycal which can be transformed to an exo-glycal. More recently, glycals have also been shown to be excellent starting substrates for library development and preparation of exo-glycals. The Fischer-Zach method has been one of the most popular methods for synthesizing glycals. It has been suggested that heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond occurs under these acidic conditions ,initially to give an anomeric carbocation that, after taking two electrons from the zinc atom, generates a transient carbanion that evolves through the splitting off of an acetate anion. In present study we have investigated the role of other reducing agents in this transformation with glycosyl halides include sodium and potassium metal, sodium naphthalide, zinc/silver graphite, aluminum amalgam, SmI2, potassium graphite ,lithium/ammonia, chromium(II), zinc/base, cobalt(II), and titanium(III). A glucal derivative has also been prepared by introduction of a halogen atom at C-2, followed by a reductive elimination reaction in the opposite sense.
