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(a) Schematic diagram of the device structure. (b) Energy level diagram (c) J–V curves of the device (using improved fabrication parameters of 80 °C and 120 min) in the dark and under white light illumination (100 mW cm⁻²). (d) Current vs. time for devices at 0 V bias under various LED illumination (465 nm (48 mW cm⁻²), 585 nm (24 mW cm⁻²), 625 nm (24 mW cm²))
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One step solution processing together with anti-solvent engineering is a tested route in producing high-quality perovskite films due to its simplicity and low fabrication costs. Commercialization of perovskites will require replacing the anti-solvent drip process and lowering annealing temperatures to decrease the energy payback time. In this work,...
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All-inorganic Cs2AgBiBr6 film is one of most promising materials in the perovskite family for long-term daily life photodetection applications, due to its fairly nice stability and lead-free nontoxic property. However, high annealing temperature (> 250 °C) process is widely used and low temperature synthesis of high-quality Cs2AgBiBr6 is still a bi...
Citations
... Zhang et al. [28] fabricated high-speed and stable triple cation perovskite PDs, which exhibit a large on/off ratio of 10 5 , a fast response time of 19/84 μs as well as environmental stability over two months. Adams et al. [29] studied the effects of formamidinium (FA)/methylammonium (MA) ratio and annealing conditions. Previous studies suggest the incorporation of cations into Sn-Pb perovskites could mitigate the lattice strain, and FA-cesium cations could be expected to boost the NIR performance. ...
Blood oxygen saturation has emerged as a crucial physiological parameter following electrocardiography, respiration, and blood pressure measurements. In this study, high-quality low bandgap triple cation Sn-Pb perovskite films are fabricated, with the preferred orientation and extended light absorption edge as far as 961 nm. By double-side interfacial modification, the PPPB (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/bathocuproine) near-infrared photodetector exhibits an enhanced photoresponse, with the ultra-fast response speed of 373 ns, wide linear dynamic range of 159 dB, high detectivity of 1.56 × 1011 Jones, and impressive responsivity of 190 mA W−1. Leveraging its exceptional photoelectric performance, the photodetector demonstrates its applicability in a pulse oximetry system, enabling the accurate and non-invasive assessment of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation across various physiological states. This work highlights the immense potential of our photodetector for real-time monitoring of blood oxygen saturation and heart rate.
... Several techniques have been used to reduce defect levels in perovskite films, including additive passivation, heterojunction engineering, and interface modification [10,18,[20][21][22]. Yan developed a novel intermediate-phase engineering technique to increase the interfacial contact between all-inorganic perovskite and metal oxide by incorporating volatile organic salts into the inorganic perovskite precursor solution, resulting in a PCE of 17% [22]. ...
... However, the performance of self-powered devices still needs to be improved compared to traditional photovoltaic devices functioning under bias voltage [32,34]. The performance of self-powered PDs is heavily influenced by the quality of the intrinsic layer and the ability to separate and transport the photogenerated carriers, or the electron-hole pairs, excited by light illumination [10,13,[38][39][40][41]. ...
... Due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, such as high charge carrier mobility, low exciton binding energy, tunable bandgap, and long carrier diffusion lengths, perovskite-based photodetectors appeared to be the most promising candidate for the active layer. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) that exceeds 25.2%, outperforming most polycrystalline silicon solar cells [9][10][11][12][13]. ...
It is becoming increasingly important to develop innovative self-powered, low-cost, and flexible sensors with the potential for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The mechanoluminescence (ML)-perovskite sensor is a potential candidate that combines the light-emitting principles of mechanoluminescence with the light-absorbing properties of perovskite materials. Continuous in-situ SHM with embedded sensors necessitates long-term stability. A highly stable cesium lead bromide photodetector with a carbon-based electrode and a zinc sulfide (ZnS): copper (Cu) ML layer was described in this article. The addition of a magnesium iodide (MgI2) interfacial modifier layer between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the Perovskite interface improved the sensor’s performance. Devices with the modified structure outperformed devices without the addition of MgI2 in terms of response time and impact-sensing applications.
... Lead halide perovskite materials have shown promising properties due to their excellent application in solar cells with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Nevertheless, lead halide perovskite materials are almost toxic and unstable, which limit their use in solar cells, detectors, and other optical devices [7][8][9][10]. Recently, bismuth-based halide materials have attracted much attention because of their excellent optoelectronic properties [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. ...
As one of the bismuth-based halide families, BiI3 has been widely studied and investigated due to its outstanding anisotropic electronic and optical properties, and it is also a building block for the conversion of these organic–inorganic or all-inorganic bismuth-based halides. In this work, a simple vapor transport deposition method is proposed to deposit high-quality BiI3 thin films using BiI3 crystal powder as the evaporation source for the first time. The influence of substrate angles was investigated on the texture coefficient, morphological, and optical properties of the thin films, and the orientation of the BiI3 film can be controlled by adjusting substrate angles. With increasing substrate angles, the BiI3 films are more preferred to grow along the (100) orientation. When the substrate angle is 90°, the BiI3 polycrystalline film is completely transformed into BiI3 nanoplate film. The BiI3 film with (100)-orientation was perpendicular to the substrate, which will be beneficial to charge transport for the reason that charge transport travels easily along (100) orientation. Therefore, BiI3 thin films prepared with different substrate angles were applied to BiI3 solar cells using a superstrate structure with FTO/TiO2/BiI3/CuI/Au, and it was found that the efficiency of the BiI3 solar cells is closely related to the orientation of the BiI3 films influenced by the substrate angles during preparation. Finally, the highest efficiency of BiI3 solar cells (0.43%) is obtained at the substrate angle of 90°. This research opens up a new avenue for controlling the orientation of perovskite thin films in order to improve photovoltaic applications.
... Currently, there are two methods commonly used to fabricate lead halide perovskite active layers for single junction solar cells. The onestep method which deposits a mixture solution of lead halide and organic halide together with antisolvent assisted crystallization [19][20][21][22][23] features simple procedures and has the advantage for obtaining compact films on various substrates. However, the antisolvent dripping time, which is extremely critical to the formation of fast-settled nanocrystals and thus the film quality, has a very narrow window of 3-5 s [23][24][25][26] and demands only skilled technicians to handle the spin coating steadily and reproducibly. ...
Perovskite-based double junction tandem solar cells, including perovskite/silicon, perovskite/perovskite, and perovskite/Cu(In, Ga)Se2, have received increasing attention in recent years. While most wide-band-gap perovskite solar cells so far were synthesized by the one-step deposition method which has a simple procedure but is hindered by its narrow antisolvent dripping time window, exploration of other method is in demand. In this study, a highly efficient wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell device with a bandgap of 1.63-1.65 eV has been successfully fabricated using the two-step sequential deposition method by optimizing the solution composition and the spinning speed of the second step. The best solar cell obtained has a power conversion efficiency of 20.35% and a fill factor (FF) of 81.53%, and is believed to be the first wide-band-gap solar cell device fabricated by the sequential deposition method with an efficiency over 20%. The obtained FF value is also pretty high among all reported perovskite solar cells fabricated by sequential deposition method. Our work indicates that sequential deposition method not only can be applied to the traditional narrow-band-gap perovskite solar cells but also has a potential for fabricating highly efficient wide-band-gap perovskite solar cells.
... The light emitted by the ML layer is collected by the perovskite layer, which then converts light photons into an electrical current, avoiding the need for expensive equipment such as charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras and photomultipliers to collect ML emissions. Organic-inorganic perovskites offer a large light absorption coefficient, high and balanced charge carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length, and other properties that make them attractive light-absorbing materials for photodetectors [21][22][23][24][25]. The ML-perovskite pressure sensor exhibits the potential for SHM applications [17]; however, the performance of the device remains relatively unexplored when embedded into a composite structure. ...
Recent developments in sensing technologies have triggered a lot of research interest in exploring novel self-powered, inexpensive, compact and flexible pressure sensors with the potential for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Herein, we assessed the performance of an embedded mechanoluminescent (ML) and perovskite pressure sensor that integrates the physical principles of mechanoluminescence and perovskite materials. For a continuous in-situ SHM, it is crucial to evaluate the capabilities of the sensing device when embedded into a composite structure. An experimental study of how the sensor is affected by the embedment process into a glass fiber-reinforced composite has been conducted. A series of devices with and without ML were embedded within a composite laminate, and the signal responses were collected under different conditions. We also demonstrated a successful encapsulation process in order for the device to withstand the composite manufacturing conditions. The results show that the sensor exhibits distinct signals when subjected to different load conditions and can be used for the in-situ SHM of advanced composite structures.
Recently, lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have been intensively investigated for use as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems, and PEC water splitting systems with LHP electrodes have shown outstanding...
CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications. However, thin film synthesis has essential issues such as chemical stability, toxicity, and processability. In this work, a green synthesis approach using water as the only solvent to deposit CsPbCl3 and CsPbCl3:Yb³⁺ films by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique under ambient atmospheric conditions, is proposed. X‐ray diffraction pattern and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirm the phase purity and negligible degradation by using water during deposition. Moreover, CsPb2Cl5 secondary phase is detected as a substitution and anchoring doped mechanism response for doped materials. Additionally, green antisolvents (alcohols and propan‐2‐one) are used to assist the crystallization process; all the green antisolvents result in an increased substrate coverage, highlighting those with high boiling points and low heat of combustion that promote heterogeneous nucleation. As‐deposited films show a photoluminescent excitonic emission peak around 418 nm and an additional peak at 984 nm emission band associated with the Yb³⁺ infrared 2F5/2 to 2F7/2 transitions for doped materials. Near infra‐red photoluminescence emission is notably improved upon antisolvent assistance up to a threefold increase for ethanol, reaching a photoluminescence quantum yield of 33.94% at low Yb³⁺ concentration.
Tri‐cation (Cs⁺/CH3NH3⁺/CH(NH2)2⁺) and dual‐anion (Br–/I–) perovskites are promising light absorbers for inexpensive infrared (IR) photodetectors but degrade under prolonged IR exposure. Here, stable IR photodetectors based on electrospun tri‐cation perovskite fibers infiltrated with hole‐transporting π‐conjugated small molecule 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) are demonstrated. These hybrid perovskite photodetectors operate at a low bias of 5 V and exhibit ultra‐high gains with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) as high as 3009%, decreasing slightly to ≈2770% after 3 months in air. These EQE values are almost ten times larger than those measured for photodetectors comprising bilayer perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD films. A high density of charge traps on electrospun fiber surfaces gives rise to a photomultiplication effect in which photogenerated holes can travel through the active layer multiple times before recombining with trapped electrons. Time‐resolved photoluminescence and conductive atomic force microscopy mapping reveal the improved performance of electrospun fibers to originate from the significantly enhanced interfacial surface area between the perovskite and Spiro‐OMeTAD compared to bilayers. As a solution‐based, scalable and continuous method of depositing perovskite layers, electrospinning thus presents a promising strategy for the inexpensive fabrication of high‐performance IR photodetectors for applications ranging from information technology to imaging.
Mechanoluminescence (ML)-perovskite sensors have shown potential for real-time impact sensing in composites structure. The sensors can be embedded in the structure for in-situ and real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Our previous work demonstrated the potential of a flexible ML-perovskite sensor for SHM systems and the possibility of sensor embedment in a fiber-reinforced composite structure. However, the viability of the sensor to predict impact localization remains unexplored. This paper investigates the potential of the sensors for impact localization in composite laminates. Herein, embedded ML-perovskite sensors are placed throughout a composite plate to monitor the host structure. By monitoring and correlating the changes in the electrical current of the sensors, it is possible to predict the impact location in the structure. The experimental results show that the ML-perovskite sensor can accurately detect and locate impact events when embedded in a composite structure. This work reveals the potential of ML-perovskite sensors for damage detection and localization prediction in composite materials.
