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a. One of the most 70 parsimonious trees (TL=361; CI=0.770; RI=0.919; HI=0.230) obtained from combined ITS and EF1-α. The bar represents 1 change. b. One of the two most parsimonious trees (TL=104 CI=0.913; RI=0.940; HI=0.087) resulting from maximum
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Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae are well known
fungi associated with dieback, canker and fruit rot on various
hosts worldwide, including mango. The aim of this study was
identify a large collection of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated
with dieback and stem-end rot of mango in the semi-arid
region of Northeastern Brazil, and compare the specie...
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Species of Botryosphaeriaceae are important fungal pathogens of mango worldwide. A survey of 11 mango orchards located in the provinces of Catania, Messina, Palermo and Ragusa (Sicily, southern Italy), resulted in the isolation of a large number (76) of Neofusicoccum isolates associated with decline and dieback symptoms. Isolates were identified ba...
Citations
... Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum has been widely reported in Brazil causing diseases in different hosts such as: dieback on mango (Mangifera indica L.) stems, pathogenic on 5-month-old mango seedlings, and producing the small lesions on inoculated mango fruits (Marques et al. 2012, Marques et al. 2013b; dieback, wilting of branches, discolouration of the vascular system, decline and subsequent death of Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense L.) trees (Silveira et al. 2017); associated with gummosis on native cashew (Anacardium othonianum Rizzinin) (Netto et al. 2017); dieback and stem and branch cankers the on cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), guava (Psidium guajava L.) and caja-umbu (Spondias mombin L. x S. tuberosa Arruda) trees (Coutinho et al. 2018); as endophyte in Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. ...
The Botryosphaeriales order are best known for the diseases they cause in woody plants, as primary pathogens or latent pathogens residing in the woody tissue of asymptomatic hosts. In the first instance, Botryosphaeriales species have been identified in Venezuela using morphological descriptions in the 80's and 90's, and later, the mid-2000s using molecular techniques. The morphological descriptions of the asexual morphs were initially used for the identification of Botryosphaeriales genera and species. Lasiodiplodia spp., (as L. theobromae) was the most isolated fungus in Venezuela within the Botryosphaeriales and has been found in more than 50% of the hosts in native and non-native plants, followed by Diplodia, Dothiorella, Fusicoccum, Lasiodiplodia, Microdiplodia, Macrophomina, Neofusicoccum, Sphaeropsis, and Botryosphaeria, considered all of them
cosmopolitan group. With molecular studies, that included DNA sequence data from multiple genes, such as the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS), translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), and β-tubulin (btub) used on the fungi isolated from woody plants, mainly trees or forest species, resulted in the presence of two families within the Botryosphaeriales order for Venezuela.
Botryosphaeriaceae family with the genera: Botryosphaeria, Cophinforma, Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum, and the Pseudofusicoccumaceae family that includes the genus Pseudofusicoccum. In Botryosphaeriaceae family was again the Lasiodiplodia genus the most predominant in most hosts, and
the specie L. theobromae the most isolated in native and non-native plants; Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cophinforma atrovirens, Diplodia scrobiculata (syn. Diplodia guayanensis), Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, L. crassispora, L. pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum arbuti (syn. N. andinum), N. parvum, and N. ribis are cosmopolitan species, and they were isolated from native and non-native plants; while Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum was found in plantations non-native of Acacia mangium, E. urophylla x E. grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and reported exclusively in South America; Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis has only been reported in Venezuela, from native and non-native plants. The presence,
distribution, diversity, and symptoms of these fungi, mainly of the new genus, new species, and reports found in Venezuela and other parts of the world, were also reviewed.
... Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum has been widely reported in Brazil causing diseases in different hosts such as: dieback on mango (Mangifera indica L.) stems, pathogenic on 5-month-old mango seedlings, and producing the small lesions on inoculated mango fruits [111,112]; dieback, wilting of branches, discoloration of the vascular system, decline and subsequent death of Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense L.) trees [113]; associated with gummosis on native cashew (Anacardium othonianum Rizzinin) [93]; dieback and stem and branch cankers on cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), guava (Psidium guajava L.) and caja-umbu (Spondias mombin L. x S. tuberosa Arruda) trees [114]; as endophyte in Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. ...
The Botryosphaeriales order are best known for the diseases they cause in woody plants, as primary pathogens or latent pathogens residing in the woody tissue of asymptomatic hosts. In the first instance, Botryosphaeriales species have been identified in Venezuela using morphological de-scriptions in the 80's and 90's, and later, the mid-2000s using molecular techniques. The mor-phological descriptions of the asexual morphs were initially used for the identification of Botry-osphaeriales genera and species. Lasiodiplodia spp., (as L. theobromae) was the most isolated fungus in Venezuela within the Botryosphaeriales and has been found in more than 50% of the hosts in native and non-native plants, followed by Diplodia, Dothiorella, Fusicoccum, Lasiodiplodia, Micro-diplodia, Macrophomina, Neofusicoccum, Sphaeropsis, and Botryosphaeria, considered all of them cosmopolitan group. With molecular studies, that included DNA sequence data from multiple genes, such as the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS), translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), and β-tubulin (btub) used on the fungi isolated from woody plants, mainly trees or forest species, resulted in the presence of two families within the Botryosphaeriales order for Venezuela. Botryosphaeriaceae family with the genera: Botryosphaeria, Cophinforma, Diplodia, Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum, and the Pseudofusicoccumaceae family that includes the genus Pseudofusicoccum. In Botryosphaeriaceae family was again the Lasiodiplodia genus the most predominant in most hosts, and the specie L. theobromae the most isolated in native and non-native plants; Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cophinforma atrovirens, Diplodia scrobiculata (syn. Diplodia guayanensis), Lasiodiplodia brasi-liensis, L. crassispora, L. pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum arbuti (syn. N. andinum), N. parvum, and N. ribis are cosmopolitan species, and they were isolated from native and non-native plants; while Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum was found in plantations non-native of Acacia mangium, E. urophylla x E. grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and reported exclusively in South America; Lasiodiplodia venezue-lensis has only been reported in Venezuela, from native and non-native plants. The presence, distribution, diversity, and symptoms of these fungi, mainly of the new genus, new species, and reports found in Venezuela and other parts of the world, were also reviewed.
... Chandler. This conclusion is consistent with earlier research conducted on numerous hosts that demonstrated N. dimidiatum to be one of the most virulent Botryosphaeriaceae species (Marques et al. 2013;Panahandeh et al. 2019). There are conflicting results indicating that L. theobromae is the most virulent species on lime shoots (Espargham et al. 2020) and banyan trees (Yeganeh and Mohammadi 2022) compared to N. dimidiatum and other species. ...
Surveys of canker diseases in 26 walnut orchards were conducted in the southeastern Turkish provinces of Batman, Diyarbakır, and Şanlıurfa in 2020. Decline symptoms on trees were most severe in the trunks of grafted trees grown on unproductive local rootstocks with Chandler and Franquette scions throughout the surveyed areas, and samples were taken from those trees. Lasiodiplodia theobromae was identified from the cankers on the trees of the seven orchards, while Neoscytalidium dimidiatum was identified from the other 19 orchards based on morphological characteristics. DNA sequencing analysis of 10 representative isolates using the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), the large subunit (LSU), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) genes confirmed the identification of the causal fungi. Pathogenicity tests on 2 year-old Chandler seedlings revealed that L. theobromae and N. dimidiatum produced lesion length averages of 7-8 cm and 15-25 cm after 3 weeks of stem-inoculation, respectively. Koch's postulates were confirmed by successfully reisolating the fungi only from plants inoculated. This is the first study to document L. theobromae as the causal agent of walnut tree decline and cankers in Turkey.
... Inoculation trials revealed that the two Pseudofusicoccum species identified in this study were virulent to the three tested hosts. This is consistent with previous studies showing that these species are also important pathogens to many hosts, including Mangifera indica [50][51][52], Syzygium malaccense [53], and Artemisia annua [9]. Although some isolates presented relatively weak virulence to hosts, such as P. adansoniae, P. ardesicum, and P. kimberleyense on baobab taproots [47], P. africanum on Mimusops caffra [33], and some P. kimberleyense and P. violaceum isolates presenting minor lesions on inoculated seedlings in this study, the co-occurrence with other botryosphaeriaceous fungi revealed that Pseudofusicoccum plays a role in disease occurrence and development [54]. ...
Fungi from Pseudofusicoccum (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales) have been reported as pathogens, endophytes, or saprophytes from various woody plants in different countries. Recently, Botryosphaeriales isolates were obtained from the dead twigs of Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus spp., Pinus massoniana, and Cunninghamia lanceolata in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Fujian Provinces in southern China. This study aimed to understand the diversity, distribution, and virulence of these Pseudofusicoccum species on these trees. A total of 126 Pseudofusicoccum isolates were obtained, and the incidences of Pseudofusicoccum (percentage of trees that yielded Pseudofusicoccum) on A. mangium, P. massoniana, Eucalyptus spp., and C. lanceolata were 21%, 2.6%, 0.5%, and 0%, respectively. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), and β-tubulin (tub2) loci, 75% of the total isolates were identified as P. kimberleyense, and the remaining isolates were identified as P. violaceum. For P. kimberleyense, the majority of isolates (83%) were from A. mangium, and the rest were from P. massoniana (14%) and Eucalyptus spp. (3%). Similarly, the proportion of isolates of P. violaceum from A. mangium, P. massoniana, and Eucalyptus spp. were 84%, 13%, and 3%, respectively. Inoculation trials showed that the two species produced expected lesions on the tested seedlings of A. mangium, E. urophylla × E. grandis, and P. elliottii. This study provides fundamental information on Pseudofusicoccum associated with diseases in main plantations in southern China.
... Pathogenicity studies have revealed that N. dimidiatum is the most pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae species (Marques et al. 2013). It can be isolated from the roots of fig shrubs that exhibit dieback signs (Ray et al. 2010b). ...
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum isolates are the most pathogens associated with sooty canker and dieback in the stem and twigs of Eucalyptus and Chinaberry trees in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Young trees showed branch dieback and yellowing leaves. The symptoms were further developed to sooty canker and dieback appeared on the main branch and trunk. N. dimidiatum colonies on potato dextrose agar were dense white at first and became dark gray to black within seven to ten days. Arthric dark brown conidia (6.6x 4.3 µm) were observed in the chain of mycelium. The color of the colonies was white at the beginning, then eventually turned greenish in seven days, and finally became black. The fungus produced white to olivaceous aerial mycelium with chains of chlamydospores and arthroconidia. Conidia were initially hyaline, ellipsoidal to globose, 4.1-9.8 m × 2.8-3.5m, with muriform septa. The inoculated Eucalyptus and Chinaberry seedlings displayed necrosis streaks along with the barks and xylem of the inoculation points. Combined dataset of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Nuclear Ribosomal Large Subunite (LSU), and Beta tublin 2a (Bt2a) using Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony analysis support the monophyletic on Neoscytalidium dimidiatum isolates from Iraq (N. hyalinum (No. B21), and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae (No. B22)). This is the first time to report Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on Chinaberry in Iraq.
... Teniendo como base la metodología usada por Caicedo et al. (2017) se realizó el análisis filogenético, así, los resultados de las secuencias obtenidas de las muestras de ADN que se encontraban en forward y reverse, fueron unidas y alineadas con el programa MEGA-X, cada secuencia final fue comparada con la herramienta BLASTn de la plataforma del NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information ), para encontrar la secuencia con mayor similitud de una especie ya reportada en la base de datos. Para los genes ITS y EF-alpha, en un bloc de notas se ingresaron las secuencias de la investigación junto con secuencias de referencia, basadas en el estudio de Phillips et al. (2013) mismas que fueron obtenidas del Gen Bank con programa BLAST. Se utilizó la función MUSCLE del Programa MEGA-X, para la alineación múltiple de las secuencias, y para su análisis comparativo se empleó el algoritmo ML y N, generando así árboles filogenéticos. ...
... Figura 5. Visualización en gel de agarosa al 2% de productos de PCR con los marcadores ITS1 e ITS 4 para amplificar parte de las regiones ITS Figura 6. Electroforesis en gel de agarosa al 2%, del producto PCR para el factor de elongación Alpha de los distintos aislados Continuando con la caracterización molecular, el número de pares de bases obtenidos para el gen ITS y EF1-a, son semejantes a los reportados en Marques et al. (2013) quienes encontraron 600 pb para la región ITS y 650 para EF1-a. Los resultados brindados por el BLAST, permitieron corroborar el parecido existente entre los aislamientos de la provincia de Los Ríos y las especies reportadas en otros países, como la causante de muerte y cancros en diferentes plantas forestales y frutales pese a la escasa investigación. ...
Los problemas fitosanitarios causados por hongos vasculares que afectan a las plantaciones de cacao CCN-51, han tomado gran importancia en las últimas décadas, por los daños que le producen. Especies de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae están asociadas a cancros y secamiento de yemas, muerte descendente, pudrición de frutos y pudrición del cuello, síntomas que se han observados en diferentes zonas y que merman la producción de la planta. Con el objetivo de caracterizar e identificar a nivel molecular aislamientos patogénicos de este hongo, se muestrearon cinco árboles sintomáticos seleccionados de fincas localizadas los cantones: Buena Fe, Mocache, Quevedo, Quinsaloma y Valencia de la provincia de Los Ríos, obteniendo 15 aislamientos de los cuales se extrajo ADN y utilizaron secuencias de las regiones de ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) y EF1-a (Factor de elongación de alpha). Los tamaños de secuencia se verificaron mediante electroforesis y se establecieron las identidades putativas de 3 especies utilizando la herramienta de Basic local aligment (BLAST). Los árboles filogenéticos construidos mediante los algoritmos de máxima verosimilitud y vecinos cercanos, con los aislamientos en cinco cantones, confirmaron la presencia de Lasiodiplodia theobromae en Quevedo, Diplodia seriata en Quinsaloma y Botryosphaeria dothidea en Valencia, Mocache y Buena Fe, resaltando una politomía entre estos últimos.
... Very recently, L. theobromae was reported as a causal agent of dieback, branch cankers and gummosis on C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia in Egypt [20]. Similar results were reported, and L. theobromae was the most frequently isolated from M. indica in Western Australia and Brazil [51,52]. ...
... The low frequently with which L. laeliocattleya was isolated from C. reticulata suggests that this species has a limited geographical distribution. However, it has previously been reported to be on mango trees in Egypt [3] and Peru [57] and on coconut and mango trees in Brazil [52,58]. ...
Lasiodiplodia (family Botryosphaeriaceae) is a widely distributed fungal genus that causes a variety of diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. During 2020–2021, a routine survey of fruit tree plants was conducted in five Egyptian Governorates, and fresh samples exhibiting dieback, decline, leaf spot and root rot symptoms were collected. Collection from eight different symptomatic leaves, twigs, branches and roots of fruit trees yielded 18 Lasiodiplodia-like isolates. The sequencing data from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-a) and β-tubulin (tub2) were used to infer phylogenetic relationships with known Lasiodiplodia species. Two isolates obtained from black necrotic lesions on Phoenix dactylifera leaves were identified as a putative novel species, L. newvalleyensis sp. nov., and were thus subjected to further morphological characterization. The results of isolation and molecular characterization revealed that L. theobromae (n = 9) was the most common species on Mangifera indica, Citrus reticulata, C. sinensis, Ficus carica, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca and Pyrus communis trees. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (n = 5) was isolated from M. indica, Prunus persica and C. sinensis. Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae (n = 2) was isolated from C. reticulata. Pathogenicity test results suggested that all Lasiodiplodia species were pathogenic to their hosts. The present study is considered the first to characterize and decipher the diversity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with fruit trees in Egypt, using the multi-locus ITS, tef1-a and tub2 sequence data, along with morphological and pathogenic trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. newvalleyensis on Phoenix dactylifera and L. laeliocattleya on C. reticulata in Egypt and worldwide.
... Known hosts and distribution:-Avicennia marina in South Africa (Osorio et al. 2017), Camellia sinensis in Taiwan (Rathnayaka et al. 2021), Carya cathayensis in China (Wang et al. 2014), Caryota sp. and Entada sp. in Thailand , Eucalyptus sp. in China (Chen et al. 2011), Mangifera indica in Brazil (Marques et al. 2013, Nogueira et al. 2016, South Africa (Mehl et al. 2017), Taiwan (Burgess et al. 2019) and USA (Zhang et al. 2021), Morus nigra in Brazil (Silva et al. 2021), Syzygium cordatum in South Africa (Zhang et al. 2021), Prunus serrulata in Taiwan (this study). Notes:-Our strain (NCYUCC 19-0405) clustered with the ex-type and other strains of Botryosphaeria fabicerciana (CMW27094, CMW 27108, MFLU 20-0526 and MFLUCC 10-0098) with high support (82% ML/ 0.99 PP) based on the multi-gene phylogenic analyses (ITS, tef1-α and β-tub) (Fig. 4). ...
Botryosphaeriaceae is the largest family in Botryosphaeriales, consisting of 22 genera. The family is worldwide in distribution and occurs on a wide variety of plant hosts. Botryosphaeriaceae includes endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species associated with canker and die-back diseases, most common on woody plants. The present study establishes two novel species of Dothiorella and new host and geographical records for species of Botryosphaeria, Dothiorella, Neodeightonia,
and Sphaeropsis. Taxa were identified based on morphology coupled with phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of SSU, LSU, ITS, tef1-α and β-tub sequences. The taxa are described and illustrated.
... Neofusicoccum parvum and Neofusicoccum umdomicola are species that have previously been isolated in mangueira culture (Marques et al., 2013). However, since the anacardiaceae family hose is the same as the cashew tree, these fungal species may probably occur in plants of the family, for example in cashew trees, which justifies the detention of these species in the Genbank BLAST, with phylogenic relationships with Neofusicoccum Mozambique (A04) in the present study. ...
The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) is one of the most important fruit trees cultivated in the semi-arid regions of tropical climate in the world. However, this crop is affected by numerous diseases throughout its production cycle. The burning of the leaf and fruit of cashew is a relatively new disease in Mozambique and is characterized by causing necrotic lesions in fruits and leaves. Thus, the present work was carried out with the objective of isolating and making the morphological and molecular characterization of the fungus responsible for burning the leaf and fruit of the cashew tree and determining its taxonomic identity. The study was based on laboratory tests with the aid of the optical microscope and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In PDA, cultures of spongy dark coloration were often isolated and distinguished; abundant orange and white and, spongy, typified as Neofusicoccum spp., Colletotrichum spp. and Pestalotiopsis spp., respectively. Molecularly, the results confirmed that at least these genera of fungi are involved in the disease of leaf burning and cashew fruit. No Cryptosporiopsis spp. isolates were isolated. However, it is recommended to evaluate the interactive/synergistic effect of the different isolates obtained from samples with symptoms of leaf burning and cashew fruit in the different stages of host tissue development.
... ribis species complex, which contains several cryptic species [16]. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the identification of taxonomically informative regions [16,18] have made it possible to identify taxa causing disease on mango in Australia [5], Brazil [19], and Italy [20], within the context of newly demarcated species. ...
... plex, which contains several cryptic species [15]. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the identification of taxonomically informative regions [15,17] have made it possible to identify taxa causing disease on mango in Australia [5], Brazil [18], and Italy [19], within the context of newly demarcated species. ...
Mango (Mangifera indica) is an economically significant crop, and is affected by dieback in nearly all commercial production areas. Due to the wide range of organisms previously associated with these disease symptoms in Florida, isolations and pathogenicity tests were carried out to determine the causal organism. The pathogen was identified as Neofusicoccum batangarum based on genetic sequences from three loci (internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA (ITS), β-tubulin (BT), and translation elongation factor 1-α (EF)), recommended for members of the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Possible infection routes were determined by inoculating wounded and unwounded stems with N. batangarum. Trees wounded prior to pathogen inoculation developed larger lesions (5.85 cm ± 1.51) than unwounded trees (0.51 cm ± 0.48), p < 0.0003. In addition, lesions only developed at a small number of inoculation sites in the absence of wounds (14.3%), compared to 93% when stems were wounded. No necrosis was observed in the negative controls. This study provides molecular data on N. batangarum, and evidence of its role causing mango dieback in Florida.
