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(a) Normal ECG signal for a healthy heart of a 22-year-old man. (b) ECG signal from a subject with PVCs. The tracing demonstrate a late or end-diastolic premature ventricular beat.
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We analyze the dynamic quality of the R–R interbeat intervals of electrocardiographic signals from healthy people and from patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) by applying different measure algorithms to standardised public domain data sets of heart rate variability. Our aim is to assess the utility of these algorithms for the ab...
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The Rhythmia ultrahigh‐density mapping system with a specific algorithm seems to be helpful in identifying the target area to successfully treat multiple morphologies by catheter ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract RVOT. Interestingly, the acquisition process seemed to be extremely faster than a standard manual poin...
Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) can occur in healthy people of any age and is linked to mortality when associated with myocardial infarction. There has been voluminous research that focuses on PVC detection. However, pre-processing techniques such as wavelet filtering may cause delay by extracting features on frequency domain rather than ti...
Abstract— This paper describes an algorithm for the detection of
Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) in electrocardiogram
(ECG). The developed algorithm is based on the energy analysis
of ECG signal downloaded from MIT-BIH database. The
detection of premature beats from the normal ones is based on the
energy analysis of ECG signal under test....
technique for the detection of ventricular premature arrhythmic
beats in Electrocardiogram (ECG) that are of great importance
in evaluating and predicting life threatening ventricular
arrhythmias. Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) can be
seen in ECG as abnormal wave shape of the QRS complex. A
new scheme is proposed for the detection of prema...
As the number of health issues caused by heart problems is on the rise worldwide, the need for an efficient and portable device for detecting heart arrhythmia is needed. This work proposes a Premature Ventricular Contraction detection system, which is one of the most common arrhythmia, based on Hermite Polynomial Expansion and Artificial Neural Net...
Citations
... The obtained results were the same as the standard results in many medical references, as shown in figure (1-8). Fig(1-8):the normal ecg wave90 [7]. ...
In healing centers, electrocardiographic (ECG) observing has advanced from introductory heart rate and beat assurance to complex arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, and drawn-out QT interim conclusion. A straightforward 3-lead ECG observing and heart rate estimation framework is 'proposed' in this paper. For ease of utilization and to induce freed of awful association commotion, the proposed framework Bio potential cathodes of' the sort Ag/AgC1 are utilized (silver to silver chloride). The ECG flag is transmitted from the human body to the instrumented amplifier employing a patient's cable within the moment organize (IA) to decrease impedances. An analog dynamic sifting organize takes after the intensification organize. At last, instead of conventional supreme parallel or serial ports, For more superior comfort, the mouthpiece input of a PC sound card has been effectively utilized as a meddle card. Keywords: ECG, SENSOR, ELECTRODE, PATIENT
... 41 Different pathologies can alter the fractal dimension; there-42 fore, its measurement can have a diagnostic and prognostic 43 value. Variations in the fractal dimension of cardiac signals 44 have been reported related to different pathologies [9][10][11][12]. A 45 decrease in the fractal dimension of the eye microvasculature 46 was reported in patients with diabetic retinopathy [13,14]. ...
In this work we study the fractal properties of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) clusters grown on spherical surfaces. Diffusion-limited aggregation clusters, or DLA trees, are highly branched fractal clusters formed by the adhesion of particles. In two-dimensional media, DLA clusters have a fractal dimension Df=1.70 in the continuous limit. In some physical systems, the existence of characteristic lengths leads us to model them as discrete systems. Such characteristic lengths may result also from limitations in measuring instruments, for example, the resolution of biomedical imaging systems. We simulate clusters for different particle sizes and examine the influence of discretization by exploring the systems in terms of the relationship between the particle size r and the radius of the sphere R. We also study the effect of stereographic projection on the fractal properties of DLA clusters. Both discretization and projection alter the fractal dimension of DLA clusters grown on curved surfaces and must be considered in the interpretation of photographic biomedical images.
... В работе [1] показано, что наиболее адекватно описывает характер поведения кардиоритмов [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] фазовое пространство (ФП) мгновенного сердечного ритма (МСР) [11,12], являющееся фракталом [13][14], и, следовательно, оно наиболее полно отражает такие важные свойства кардиоритмов, как их самоподобие. ФП МСР представляет собой множество состояний в пространстве ...
... A significant step forward was made by Grassberger and Procaccia [13] who showed how the so called correlation dimension could be used to estimate and bound the fractal dimension of the strange attractor associated with the nonlinear time signal at hand. The method was immediately applied to many different types of time series such as financial time series [14], physiological recordings [12,[15][16][17]. Specifically, in [18], the application of correlation dimension to determine anesthetic drug effect was described. ...
This paper compares the correlation dimension (D2) and Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) approaches in estimating BIS index based on of electroencephalogram (EEG). The single-channel EEG data was captured in both ICU and operating room and different anesthetic drugs, including propofol and isoflurane were used. For better analysis, application of adaptive segmentation on EEG signal for estimating BIS index is evaluated and compared to fixed segmentation. Prediction probability (PK) is used as a measure of correlation between the predictors and BIS index to evaluate the proposed methods. The results show the ability of these algorithms (specifically HFD algorithm) in predicting BIS index. Also, evolving fixed and adaptive win-dowing methods for segmentation of EEG reveals no meaningful difference in estimating BIS index.
... The method was immediately applied to many different types of time series such as financial time series, 14 physiological recordings. 12,[15][16][17] Specifically, in Ref. 18, the application of correlation dimension to determine anesthetic drug effect was described. Watt et al. demonstrated the changes of phase space trajectories and dimensionality as a result of changed depth of anesthesia. ...
This paper proposes an approach for quantifying Depth of Anesthesia (DOA) based on correlation dimension (D2) of electroencephalogram (EEG). The single-channel EEG data was captured in both ICU and operating room while different anesthetic drugs, including propofol and isoflurane, were used. Correlation dimension was computed using various optimized parameters in order to achieve the maximum sensitivity to anesthetic drug effects and to enable real time computation. For better analysis, application of adaptive segmentation on EEG signal for estimating DOA was evaluated and compared to fixed segmentation, too. Prediction probability (PK) was used as a measure of correlation between the predictors and BIS index to evaluate the proposed methods. Appropriate correlation between DOA and correlation dimension is achieved while choosing (D2) parameters adaptively in comparison to fixed parameters due to the nonstationary nature of EEG signal.
... A significant step forward was made by Grassberger and Procaccia [4] who showed how the so-called correlation dimension could be used to estimate and bound the fractal dimension of the strange attractor associated with the nonlinear time signal at hand. The method was immediately applied to many different types of time series such as atmospheric data567, financial time series [8], physiological recordings910111213 or technological applications14151617 , to cite a few examples. However, later it was also shown how the Grassberger–Procaccia algorithm must be used with care because of its limitations and potential pitfalls [ From a computational point of view, the cost of the Grassberger–Procaccia's (GP) algorithm on a dataset of N points is of order OðN 2 Þ. ...
... For long time series (the ones for which the algorithm is meaningful), this quadratic dependence makes the direct computation of the correlation dimension a costly task. This is specially critical, for instance, when dealing with the long time series that are required to study high-dimensional systems, such as electrophysiological data obtained from electroencephalographic or electrocardiographic recordings9101112. In a remarkable paper, Theiler [23] proposed a way to reduce the cost of computing the correlation integral by partitioning the phase space of the chaotic attractor into boxes, and calculating distances only between pairs of points that lie either in the same or in neighboring cells. ...
Box-assisted and prism-assisted algorithms are among the most popular algorithms for the computation of the correlation dimension. However, the box size is usually determined by authors just through rough estimates or even by trial and error. In this paper, an explicit criterion for the selection of the optimal box size in box-assisted algorithms is presented. When used in conjunction with even the simplest box-assisted algorithm, the computation time needed to estimate the correlation integral is drastically reduced. These reductions range from a factor of 10 to factors larger than 1000, depending on the complexity of the attractor and/or the length of the dataset.
... For this reason, time irreversibility has been used to test non linearity [8,9]. Non linear properties of human heartbeat are widely accepted (see for instance [13]). Time irreversibility of this series has been investigated for the first time in [7], using a multi scale index of asymmetry. ...
We study the time reversal properties of time series by means of a ternary coding of the differentiated series. For the symbolic series obtained in this way we show that suitable pairs of ternary words have the same probability if the time series is reversible. This provides tests in which time reversibility is rejected if the estimated probabilities are significantly different. We apply one of these tests to the human heartbeat series extracted from 24 h Holter recordings of 19 healthy subjects. Data analysis shows a highly significant prevalence of irreversibility. Our symbolic approach to time reversal gives further support to the suitability of non-linear modeling of the normal heartbeat.
In the present study, the authors report evidence that the existence of premature ventricular contractions increases the embedding dimension of the cardiac dynamics. They also analyze patients with congestive heart failure, a severe clinical condition associated with abnormal left ventricular function. Results also show an increase in the embedding dimension of the heart rate variability. They used electrocardiograms collected by themselves with quality standards that make them comparable with other databases.
The contribution of gap junction (GJ) blockers to seizure initiation was reexamined by means of an analysis on nonlinear dynamics with point correlation dimension (PD2i) at as well as around the primary focus, and mirror focus in an already active 4-aminopyridine-induced in vivo epilepsy model. From the data base of the ECoGs of anesthetized adult rats treated with quinine, a selective blocker of Cx36, and in combination with an additional broad-spectrum GJ blocker, carbenoxolone, 14 cases of each condition were reexamined with a stationarity insensitive nonlinear PD2i method. The blockade of the Cx36 channels decreased the usual drop of the point correlation dimension at the beginning of the seizures, and this was enhanced by the additional use of the global blocker carbenoxolone. The so-called characteristic DC shift just prior to seizure onset denotes a low dimensional seizure event and the recognizable seizures display very variable, rapidly changing dynamics, as revealed by the PD2i analysis. This nonlinear PD2i analysis demonstrated that the different GJ blockers in the already active epileptic model helped seizure initiation, but exerted inhibitory effects on the seizure onset itself, acting differently on the local components of the network organization generating seizure discharges, possibly changing the coupling strengths and time delays in the GJ-s.
