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(a) Mechanism of fabrication of regenerated cellulose nanofibers. (b) Mechanism of simultaneous anionization and cationization of cellulose nanofibers and microfibers.
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Fibrous biomaterials have received much attention in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their morphology, resembling extracellular matrix. In comparison to synthetic fibers, cellulose based fibers have interesting properties for cellular applications such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, simple preparation and their potential...
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... properties of cellulose scaffolds were improved for biomedical applications by functionalizing them with carboxymethyl and trimethylammonium groups. The mechanism for introducing carboxyl and trimethylammonium groups on the cellulose nanofiber and microfiber surface was based on the reaction of cellulose with monochloroacetic acid and CHPTAC under the catalytic action of sodium hydroxide as shown in Figure 1b [25]. ...
Citations
... Electrospun technique has been used to perform nano-fiber eletrodes for detection of bacterial agent [9] Electrospinning can produce nanofiber which expects to possess an extremely high surface area and a defect-free crystalline structure [10,11]. The obtained polymeric nanofibrous membranes should be characterized through the polymeric features, processing parameters, and the surrounding environmental factors [12][13][14][15]. ...
Development of ultra-fine fiber technology and nano-sized materials are widely taking place to enhance the characteristic of different materials. In our study, a newly developed technique was used to produce improvised nano energetic fibers with the exploitation of cis ‐1,3,4,6‐Tetranitrooctahydroimidazo‐[4,5‐d] imidazole (BCHMX) to spin in a polystyrene nanofiber membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the synthesized nanofibrous polystyrene (PS)/BCHMX sheets with clear and continual fiber were imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characterization of the produced nanofiber was examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Explosive sensitivity was also evaluated by both BAM impact and friction apparatus. Thermal behavior for the synthesized PS/BCHMX fiber and the pure materials were also investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show enhancement in the fabrication of nano energetic fibers with a size of 200–460 nm. The TG confirms the high weight percentage of BCHMX which reaches 60% of the total mass. PS/BCHMX fiber was confirmed with the XRD, FTIR spectrum. Interestingly, XRD sharp peaks showed the conversion of amorphous PS via electrospinning into crystalline shape regarding the applied high voltage. The synthesized PS/BCHMX nanofiber was considered insensitive to the mechanical external stimuli; more than 100 J impact energy and > 360 N initiation force as friction stimuli. PS/BCHMX is considering a candidate tool to deal with highly sensitive explosives safely and securely for explosives detection training purposes.
Electrospinning is a simple technique used to fabricate polymeric nano-fibrous membranes. These nano-fibers have found a wide range of valuable applications in the biomedical field. However, it has not been utilized with solid high explosives yet. Herein, the electrospinning technique has been used to fabricate polystyrene (PS)/1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) composite nanofibers. The governed electrospinning parameters, voltage, distance from the collector, flow rate, mandrel rotating speed, time, and solution concentration, that greatly affect the morphology of the obtained nanofibers were optimized. The fabricated PS/RDX nano-fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The impact and friction sensitivities of PS/RDX were also measured. The thermal behavior of the prepared composite and the pure materials were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis technique (TGA). SEM results proved the fabrication of PS/RDX fibers in the nano-size via electrospinning. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the characteristic functional groups of both PS and RDX in the composite nano-fibers. XRD sharp peaks showed the conversion of amorphous PS into crystalline shape via electrospinning and also confirmed the formation of PS/RDX composite. The PS fibers absorbed the heat and increased the onset decomposition of the pure RDX from 181.5 to 200.7 °C in the case of PS/RDX fibers. Interestingly, PS/RDX nano-fibers showed the relatively low impact and friction sensitivities of 100 J and 360 N respectively. These results could introduce PS/RDX nanofibrous composite in the field of explosives detection with high levels of safety.
